MUL.MUL - Revision history

Sushoff at 06:28, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T06:28:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:28, 12 October 2026
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	*(1)		*(1)
	**''šit-qul-ta ša''<sub>2</sub> mul.mul ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''sin uṣur(uru<sub>3</sub>)-ma li-pu-ul-ka-ma''		**''šit-qul-ta ša''<sub>2</sub> mul.mul ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''sin uṣur(uru<sub>3</sub>)-ma li-pu-ul-ka-ma''
	**"Observe the balances ~~<s>'ncidences~~'~~</s>~~ of the Star Cluster and the Moon, and this will give you the right answer" (to introduce intercalations).		**"Observe the 'balances' of the Star Cluster and the Moon, and this will give you the right answer" (to introduce intercalations).
	*(2)		*(2)
	**''a-na la-tak ūmē(''ud'')''<sup>me</sup> ''ki-nu-tim / šit-qul-ti'' mul.mul ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''sin''		**''a-na la-tak ūmē(''ud'')''<sup>me</sup> ''ki-nu-tim / šit-qul-ti'' mul.mul ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''sin''
	**"To predict the exact days, (you study) the balances ~~'<s>coincidences</s>~~' of the Star Cluster and the Moon" [Oppenheim 1974<ref>''Oppenheim A.L. '' Man and Nature in Mesopotamian Civilisation // Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 1974. Vol. 15. P. 636-666.</ref>, 200:62, 68-69; Horowitz 1998<ref name=":9" />, 151-152].		**"To predict the exact days, (you study) the 'balances' of the Star Cluster and the Moon" [Oppenheim 1974<ref>''Oppenheim A.L. '' Man and Nature in Mesopotamian Civilisation // Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 1974. Vol. 15. P. 636-666.</ref>, 200:62, 68-69; Horowitz 1998<ref name=":9" />, 151-152].
	''šitqultu,'' from the root ''šaqālu'', 'to weigh, to balance, to be in balance,' refers to both astronomical conjunctions and oppositions (aka 'syzygies').		''šitqultu,'' from the root ''šaqālu'', 'to weigh, to balance, to be in balance,' refers to both astronomical conjunctions and oppositions (aka 'syzygies').
	\|[[File:Stellarium plej+moon-300-06-04.jpg\|alt=simulation of the conjunction with Stellarium \|thumb\|The Pleiades occulted by the Moon, 04 June -300 (in Babylon below horizon). ]]		\|[[File:Stellarium plej+moon-300-06-04.jpg\|alt=simulation of the conjunction with Stellarium \|thumb\|The Pleiades occulted by the Moon, 04 June -300 (in Babylon below horizon). ]]
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	*(1) constellation [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":18">''Sachs A., Hunger H''. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.</ref>, -567 r. 6],		*(1) constellation [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":18">''Sachs A., Hunger H''. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.</ref>, -567 r. 6],
	*(2) "normal star" (η Tauri) [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I-III<ref name=":18" />, passim], first in diary for -567 [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":18" />, 50:13],		*(2) "[[Normal Stars\|normal star]]" (η Tauri) [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I-III<ref name=":18" />, passim], first in diary for -567 [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":18" />, 50:13],
	*(3) zodiac sign corresponding to Taurus, from the beginning of the Seleucid era (formerly GU<sub>4</sub>.AN) [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I-III<ref name=":18" />, passim], first in the diary for -346 [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":18" />, 146:31].		*(3) zodiac sign corresponding to Taurus, from the beginning of the Seleucid era (formerly GU<sub>4</sub>.AN) [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I-III<ref name=":18" />, passim], first in the diary for -346 [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":18" />, 146:31].
	\|		\|
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	**(b) BRM IV, 19: mul<sub>2</sub>.mul<sub>2</sub> is the designation for the zodiac sign Taurus in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":21" />, 274-275: c, d, 7, 21, 38, 40; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53<ref>''Neugebauer O., Sachs A.'' The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.</ref>]. '''''Rochberg??'''''		**(b) BRM IV, 19: mul<sub>2</sub>.mul<sub>2</sub> is the designation for the zodiac sign Taurus in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":21" />, 274-275: c, d, 7, 21, 38, 40; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53<ref>''Neugebauer O., Sachs A.'' The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.</ref>]. '''''Rochberg??'''''
	*(3) "Microzodiac". Division of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 equal parts:		*(3) "Microzodiac". Division of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 equal parts:
	**a) AO 6483: ''ša''<sub>2</sub>''-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''zittu(''ḫa.la'') mul''<sub>2</sub>''.mul''<sub>2</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>''-šu''<sub>2</sub> "The second part, its name is Star" [Sachs 1952<ref name=":22">''Sachs A.'' Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 66a:14; TU<ref name=":23">''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 14:14], '''''Rochberg??'''''		**a) AO 6483:
	**(b) Sp II 202+: ''2-tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la 2 ''danna'' [...] [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":19" />, 245:12]. Division of the zodiac sign Leo into 12 parts: the 10th part is mul.mul, <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.<an.na> [Weidner 1967<ref name=":24">''Weidner E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, 16-17, Taf. 6:VAT 7847].		***''ša''<sub>2</sub>''-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''zittu(''ḫa.la'') mul''<sub>2</sub>''.mul''<sub>2</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>''-šu''<sub>2</sub>
			***"The second part, its name is Star" [Sachs 1952<ref name=":22">''Sachs A.'' Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 66a:14; TU<ref name=":23">''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 14:14], '''''Rochberg??'''''
			**(b) Sp II 202+:
			***''2-tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la 2 ''danna'' [...] [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":19" />, 245:12]. Division of the zodiac sign Leo into 12 parts: the 10th part is mul.mul, <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.<an.na> [Weidner 1967<ref name=":24">''Weidner E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, 16-17, Taf. 6:VAT 7847].
	*(4) "hypsoma".		*(4) "hypsoma".
	**KI ''ni-ṣir-tu<sub>4</sub> ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>30 / <sup>múl</sup>ŠU.GI ''u'' MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub> MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> [KUR<sup>?</sup>].NIM.MA.[KI]		**KI ''ni-ṣir-tu<sub>4</sub> ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>30 / <sup>múl</sup>ŠU.GI ''u'' MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub> MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> [KUR<sup>?</sup>].NIM.MA.[KI]
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	**[STC I<ref>''King L.W.'' The Seven Tablets of Creation. Vol. I-II. London, 1902.</ref> 212; II, Pl. 69; Landsberger 1923<ref>''Landsberger B.'' Ein astralmythologischer Kommentar aus der Spätzeit babylonischer Gelehrsamkeit // AfK. 1923. Bd. 1. S. 69-82.</ref>], quoted in [Rochberg-Halton 1988b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' Benefic and Malefic Planets in Babylonian Astrology / Fs. Sachs. P. 323-328.</ref>, 55].		**[STC I<ref>''King L.W.'' The Seven Tablets of Creation. Vol. I-II. London, 1902.</ref> 212; II, Pl. 69; Landsberger 1923<ref>''Landsberger B.'' Ein astralmythologischer Kommentar aus der Spätzeit babylonischer Gelehrsamkeit // AfK. 1923. Bd. 1. S. 69-82.</ref>], quoted in [Rochberg-Halton 1988b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' Benefic and Malefic Planets in Babylonian Astrology / Fs. Sachs. P. 323-328.</ref>, 55].
	*(5) Calendrical and ritual texts.		*(5) Calendrical and ritual texts.
	**W 22704 (recipe for making ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(=ŠU) 5 // MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub> 5 // ''dām''(UŠ<sub>2</sub>) ''alpi''(GU<sub>4</sub>) <sup>lu</sup> ''šaman''(I<sub>3</sub>.GIŠ) ''alpi''(GU<sub>4</sub>) lu ''šārat''(SIG<sub>2</sub>) ''alpi''(GU<sub>4</sub>) MIN(=''tapašššaš'')		**W 22704 (recipe for making ointments + "dodecatemoria"):
	**"Duuzu 5 // Taurus 50 // Bull's blood or bull's fat or bull's wool you will smear" [SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 104:5, and also 104:18];		***MIN(=ŠU) 5 // MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub> 5 // ''dām''(UŠ<sub>2</sub>) ''alpi''(GU<sub>4</sub>) <sup>lu</sup> ''šaman''(I<sub>3</sub>.GIŠ) ''alpi''(GU<sub>4</sub>) lu ''šārat''(SIG<sub>2</sub>) ''alpi''(GU<sub>4</sub>) MIN(=''tapašššaš'')
			***"Duuzu 5 // Taurus 50 // Bull's blood or bull's fat or bull's wool you will smear" [SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 104:5, and also 104:18];
	**for a parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W22619/19+ [SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 105:2, 15, 28].		**for a parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W22619/19+ [SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 105:2, 15, 28].
	*(6) Prediction of grain prices based on observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub>) [SpTU I<ref name=":25">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 94:6, 38].		*(6) Prediction of grain prices based on observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub>) [SpTU I<ref name=":25">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 94:6, 38].

Sushoff at 12:18, 11 October 2026

2026-10-11T12:18:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:18, 11 October 2026
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	}}		}}

	MUL.MUL (𒀯𒀯), ''zappu'', 'The Pleiades'. The Sumerian name is simply a plural of MUL, star, hence MUL.MUL is best to be understood as 'The Stars,' or more freely 'The Star Cluster,' in any case referring to the stars of the [[Pleiades]]. The Akkadian name is not a translation: ''[[zappu]]'', 'The Bristle'.		MUL.MUL (𒀯𒀯), ''zappu'', 'The Pleiades'. The Sumerian name is simply a plural of MUL, star, hence MUL.MUL is best to be understood as 'The Stars,' or more freely 'The Star Cluster,' in any case referring to the stars of the [[Pleiades]]. The Akkadian name is not a translation: ''[[zappu]]'', 'The Bristle', or a bunch of hair at the hump of [[GU4.AN.NA\|GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA]].

	== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==

Sushoff: /* Stars within the Constellation Area */

2026-10-07T13:14:56Z

Stars within the Constellation Area

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:14, 7 October 2026
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	}}		}}

	MUL.MUL (𒀯𒀯), ''zappu'', 'The Pleiades'. The Sumerian name is simply a plural of MUL, star, hence MUL.MUL is best to be understood as 'The Stars,' or more freely 'The Star Cluster,' in any case referring to the stars of the [[Pleiades]]. The Akkadian name is not a translation: ''[[zappu]]'', 'The Bristle'.		MUL.MUL (𒀯𒀯), ''zappu'', 'The Pleiades'. The Sumerian name is simply a plural of MUL, star, hence MUL.MUL is best to be understood as 'The Stars,' or more freely 'The Star Cluster,' in any case referring to the stars of the [[Pleiades]]. The Akkadian name is not a translation: ''[[zappu]]'', 'The Bristle'.

	== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Fortune-Teller’s Textbook".'''		\|'''"Fortune-Teller’s Textbook".'''
	*(1) ''šit-qul-ta ša''<sub>2</sub> mul.mul ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''sin uṣur(uru<sub>3</sub>)-ma li-pu-ul-ka-ma'' "Observe the balances <s>'ncidences'</s> of the Star Cluster and the Moon, and this will give you the right answer" (to introduce intercalations).		*(1)
	*(2) ''a-na la-tak ūmē(''ud'')''<sup>me</sup> ''ki-nu-tim / šit-qul-ti'' mul.mul ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''sin'' "To predict the exact days, (you study) the balances '<s>coincidences</s>' of the Star Cluster and the Moon" [Oppenheim 1974<ref>''Oppenheim A.L. '' Man and Nature in Mesopotamian Civilisation // Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 1974. Vol. 15. P. 636-666.</ref>, 200:62, 68-69; Horowitz 1998<ref name=":9" />, 151-152].		**''šit-qul-ta ša''<sub>2</sub> mul.mul ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''sin uṣur(uru<sub>3</sub>)-ma li-pu-ul-ka-ma''
			**"Observe the balances <s>'ncidences'</s> of the Star Cluster and the Moon, and this will give you the right answer" (to introduce intercalations).
			*(2)
			**''a-na la-tak ūmē(''ud'')''<sup>me</sup> ''ki-nu-tim / šit-qul-ti'' mul.mul ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''sin''
			**"To predict the exact days, (you study) the balances '<s>coincidences</s>' of the Star Cluster and the Moon" [Oppenheim 1974<ref>''Oppenheim A.L. '' Man and Nature in Mesopotamian Civilisation // Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 1974. Vol. 15. P. 636-666.</ref>, 200:62, 68-69; Horowitz 1998<ref name=":9" />, 151-152].
	''šitqultu,'' from the root ''šaqālu'', 'to weigh, to balance, to be in balance,' refers to both astronomical conjunctions and oppositions (aka 'syzygies').		''šitqultu,'' from the root ''šaqālu'', 'to weigh, to balance, to be in balance,' refers to both astronomical conjunctions and oppositions (aka 'syzygies').
	\|[[File:Stellarium plej+moon-300-06-04.jpg\|alt=simulation of the conjunction with Stellarium \|thumb\|The Pleiades occulted by the Moon, 04 June -300 (in Babylon below horizon). ]]		\|[[File:Stellarium plej+moon-300-06-04.jpg\|alt=simulation of the conjunction with Stellarium \|thumb\|The Pleiades occulted by the Moon, 04 June -300 (in Babylon below horizon). ]]
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	\|'''Anaphora.'''		\|'''Anaphora.'''
	*А 3427: ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>''gu''<sub>4</sub> ''ina še-rim'' ud 28 mul<sub>2</sub>.mul<sub>2</sub> ''ki.min(=meš-ḫa im-šuḫ'' ZI) "In the month of ayar, on the morning of the 28th day, the Star Cluster emits ''mišḫu'' and rise." [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":19">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 238:9]. '''''LBAT 1499???'''''		*А 3427:
	*BM 36609+: TA SA<sub>4</sub> ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' GABA''-šu<sub>2</sub>'' / EN 5 UŠ ''ina'' IGI ''kin<sup>?</sup>-ṣa'' / MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub> TA ˹SAG˺-''šu''<sub>2</sub> EN TIL''-šu''<sub>2</sub> KUR "(In the interval of time) from (the culmination of) the brilliant (star) on the breast (of the Demon with the Gaping Mouth) / To (the culmination of a located point) 50 in front of (its) Knee. / The Star Cluster (=the zodiac sign Taurus) rises, from their beginning to their end." [Roughton-Steele-Walker 2004<ref name=":20">''Roughton N.A., Steele J.M., Walker C.B.F.'' A Late Babylonian Normal and ''Ziqpu'' Star Text // AHES. 2004. Vol. 58. P. 537-572.</ref>, 548, Section 7: obv. iii 17-19]; time of rising: 200 [ibid.<ref name=":20" />, 549].		**''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>''gu''<sub>4</sub> ''ina še-rim'' ud 28 mul<sub>2</sub>.mul<sub>2</sub> ''ki.min(=meš-ḫa im-šuḫ'' ZI)
			**"In the month of ayar, on the morning of the 28th day, the Star Cluster emits ''mišḫu'' and rise." [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":19">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 238:9]. '''''LBAT 1499???'''''
			*BM 36609+:
			**TA SA<sub>4</sub> ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' GABA''-šu<sub>2</sub>'' / EN 5 UŠ ''ina'' IGI ''kin<sup>?</sup>-ṣa'' / MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub> TA ˹SAG˺-''šu''<sub>2</sub> EN TIL''-šu''<sub>2</sub> KUR
			**"(In the interval of time) from (the culmination of) the brilliant (star) on the breast (of the Demon with the Gaping Mouth) / To (the culmination of a located point) 50 in front of (its) Knee. / The Star Cluster (=the zodiac sign Taurus) rises, from their beginning to their end."
			**[Roughton-Steele-Walker 2004<ref name=":20">''Roughton N.A., Steele J.M., Walker C.B.F.'' A Late Babylonian Normal and ''Ziqpu'' Star Text // AHES. 2004. Vol. 58. P. 537-572.</ref>, 548, Section 7: obv. iii 17-19]; time of rising: 200 [ibid.<ref name=":20" />, 549].
	\|[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph of the Pleiades in dawn\|thumb\|The Pleiades in dawn (above the mountain), photograph by Susanne M Hoffmann (2020)]]		\|[[File:Pleiades and Venus in blue dawn 2020.jpg\|alt=photograph of the Pleiades in dawn\|thumb\|The Pleiades in dawn (above the mountain), photograph by Susanne M Hoffmann (2020)]]
	\|-		\|-
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	**(b) BRM IV, 19: mul<sub>2</sub>.mul<sub>2</sub> is the designation for the zodiac sign Taurus in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":21" />, 274-275: c, d, 7, 21, 38, 40; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53<ref>''Neugebauer O., Sachs A.'' The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.</ref>]. '''''Rochberg??'''''		**(b) BRM IV, 19: mul<sub>2</sub>.mul<sub>2</sub> is the designation for the zodiac sign Taurus in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":21" />, 274-275: c, d, 7, 21, 38, 40; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53<ref>''Neugebauer O., Sachs A.'' The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.</ref>]. '''''Rochberg??'''''
	*(3) "Microzodiac". Division of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 equal parts:		*(3) "Microzodiac". Division of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 equal parts:
	**a) AO 6483: ''ša''<sub>2</sub>''-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''zittu(''ḫa.la'') mul''<sub>2</sub>''.mul''<sub>2</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>''-šu''<sub>2</sub> "The second part, its name is Star" [Sachs 1952<ref name=":22">''Sachs A.'' Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 66a:14; TU<ref name=":23">''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 14:14],'''''Rochberg??'''''		**a) AO 6483: ''ša''<sub>2</sub>''-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''zittu(''ḫa.la'') mul''<sub>2</sub>''.mul''<sub>2</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>''-šu''<sub>2</sub> "The second part, its name is Star" [Sachs 1952<ref name=":22">''Sachs A.'' Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 66a:14; TU<ref name=":23">''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 14:14], '''''Rochberg??'''''
	**(b) Sp II 202+: ''2-tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la 2 ''danna'' [...] [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":19" />, 245:12]. Division of the zodiac sign Leo into 12 parts: the 10th part is mul.mul, <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.<an.na> [Weidner 1967<ref name=":24">''Weidner E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, 16-17, Taf. 6:VAT 7847].		**(b) Sp II 202+: ''2-tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la 2 ''danna'' [...] [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":19" />, 245:12]. Division of the zodiac sign Leo into 12 parts: the 10th part is mul.mul, <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.<an.na> [Weidner 1967<ref name=":24">''Weidner E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, 16-17, Taf. 6:VAT 7847].
	*(4) "~~Gypsoma~~". KI ''ni-ṣir-tu<sub>4</sub> ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>30 / <sup>múl</sup>ŠU.GI ''u'' MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub> MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> [KUR<sup>?</sup>].NIM.MA.[KI] "The secret place of the moon: the Old Man and the Star Cluster, the asterism of Elam" [STC I<ref>''King L.W.'' The Seven Tablets of Creation. Vol. I-II. London, 1902.</ref> 212; II, Pl. 69; Landsberger 1923<ref>''Landsberger B.'' Ein astralmythologischer Kommentar aus der Spätzeit babylonischer Gelehrsamkeit // AfK. 1923. Bd. 1. S. 69-82.</ref>], quoted in [Rochberg-Halton 1988b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' Benefic and Malefic Planets in Babylonian Astrology / Fs. Sachs. P. 323-328.</ref>, 55].		*(4) "hypsoma".
	*(5) Calendrical and ritual texts. W 22704 (recipe for making ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(=ŠU) 5 // MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub> 5 // ''dām''(UŠ<sub>2</sub>) ''alpi''(GU<sub>4</sub>) <sup>lu</sup> ''šaman''(I<sub>3</sub>.GIŠ) ''alpi''(GU<sub>4</sub>) lu ''šārat''(SIG<sub>2</sub>) ''alpi''(GU<sub>4</sub>) MIN(=''tapašššaš'') "Duuzu 5 // Taurus 50 // Bull's blood or bull's fat or bull's wool you will smear" [SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 104:5, and also 104:18]; for a parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W22619/19+ [SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 105:2, 15, 28].		**KI ''ni-ṣir-tu<sub>4</sub> ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>30 / <sup>múl</sup>ŠU.GI ''u'' MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub> MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> [KUR<sup>?</sup>].NIM.MA.[KI]
			**"The secret place of the moon: the Old Man and the Star Cluster, the asterism of Elam"
			**[STC I<ref>''King L.W.'' The Seven Tablets of Creation. Vol. I-II. London, 1902.</ref> 212; II, Pl. 69; Landsberger 1923<ref>''Landsberger B.'' Ein astralmythologischer Kommentar aus der Spätzeit babylonischer Gelehrsamkeit // AfK. 1923. Bd. 1. S. 69-82.</ref>], quoted in [Rochberg-Halton 1988b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' Benefic and Malefic Planets in Babylonian Astrology / Fs. Sachs. P. 323-328.</ref>, 55].
			*(5) Calendrical and ritual texts.
			**W 22704 (recipe for making ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(=ŠU) 5 // MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub> 5 // ''dām''(UŠ<sub>2</sub>) ''alpi''(GU<sub>4</sub>) <sup>lu</sup> ''šaman''(I<sub>3</sub>.GIŠ) ''alpi''(GU<sub>4</sub>) lu ''šārat''(SIG<sub>2</sub>) ''alpi''(GU<sub>4</sub>) MIN(=''tapašššaš'')
			**"Duuzu 5 // Taurus 50 // Bull's blood or bull's fat or bull's wool you will smear" [SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 104:5, and also 104:18];
			**for a parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W22619/19+ [SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 105:2, 15, 28].
	*(6) Prediction of grain prices based on observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub>) [SpTU I<ref name=":25">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 94:6, 38].		*(6) Prediction of grain prices based on observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (MUL<sub>2</sub>.MUL<sub>2</sub>) [SpTU I<ref name=":25">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 94:6, 38].
	*(7) Zodiacal astrology. KI mul<sub>2</sub>.mul<sub>2</sub> UŠ<sub>2</sub> ''ta-ḫa-zu'' "The region of Taurus: death in battle" [SpTU II<ref name=":13" />, 43: 20; Hunger 1996]; for a parallel see. [TU<ref name=":23" />, 14: 22; Sachs 1952<ref name=":22" />, 66, 68], see also [Emelyanov 1999<ref name=":5" />, 192].		*(7) Zodiacal astrology.
	*(8) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. BM 36746+: MUL.MUL [Rochberg-Halton 1984<ref name=":26">''Rochberg-Halton F.'' New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.</ref>, 135: rev. 2, 10], see (Kurtik s20) [[Sîn]].		**KI mul<sub>2</sub>.mul<sub>2</sub> UŠ<sub>2</sub> ''ta-ḫa-zu''
			**"The region of Taurus: death in battle"
			**[SpTU II<ref name=":13" />, 43: 20; Hunger 1996]; for a parallel see. [TU<ref name=":23" />, 14: 22; Sachs 1952<ref name=":22" />, 66, 68], see also [Emelyanov 1999<ref name=":5" />, 192].
			*(8) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. '''BM 36746+:''' MUL.MUL [Rochberg-Halton 1984<ref name=":26">''Rochberg-Halton F.'' New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.</ref>, 135: rev. 2, 10], see (Kurtik s20) [[Sîn]].
	\|[[File:Fig1 taurus tablet 150dpi sciLogs.jpg\|thumb\|drawing on microzodiac tablet VAT 7851 whose left subfigure is labelled "MUL.MUL" (CC BY SMH<ref name=":32" />)]]		\|[[File:Fig1 taurus tablet 150dpi sciLogs.jpg\|thumb\|drawing on microzodiac tablet VAT 7851 whose left subfigure is labelled "MUL.MUL" (CC BY SMH<ref name=":32" />)]]
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff: /* Stars within the Constellation Area */

2026-10-07T13:07:28Z

Stars within the Constellation Area

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:07, 7 October 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:Pleiades and Hyades in Stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium star chart, Pleiades and Hyades\|thumb\|Pleiades and Hyades in Stellarium (date -300 but this view is independent of the historical epoch on human scales).]]		[[File:Pleiades and Hyades in Stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium star chart, Pleiades and Hyades\|thumb\|Pleiades and Hyades in Stellarium (date -300 but this view is independent of the historical epoch on human scales).]]
	[[File:Fig7 taurueschen 800dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Taurus as drawn on a clay tablet (VAT 7851) from Seleucid time, new drawing published by Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2025). Image Analysis of VAT 7851, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 45-53</ref>, with the Pleiades as "Bristle".]]		[[File:Fig7 taurueschen 800dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Taurus as drawn on a clay tablet (VAT 7851) from Seleucid time, new drawing published by Hoffmann (2025)<ref name=":32">Hoffmann, S.M. (2025). Image Analysis of VAT 7851, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 45-53</ref>, with the Pleiades as "Bristle".]]
	{{Infobox constellation		{{Infobox constellation
	\| name = 𒀯𒀯 (MÚL.MÚL)		\| name = 𒀯𒀯 (MÚL.MÚL)
Line 248:		Line 248:
	*(7) Zodiacal astrology. KI mul<sub>2</sub>.mul<sub>2</sub> UŠ<sub>2</sub> ''ta-ḫa-zu'' "The region of Taurus: death in battle" [SpTU II<ref name=":13" />, 43: 20; Hunger 1996]; for a parallel see. [TU<ref name=":23" />, 14: 22; Sachs 1952<ref name=":22" />, 66, 68], see also [Emelyanov 1999<ref name=":5" />, 192].		*(7) Zodiacal astrology. KI mul<sub>2</sub>.mul<sub>2</sub> UŠ<sub>2</sub> ''ta-ḫa-zu'' "The region of Taurus: death in battle" [SpTU II<ref name=":13" />, 43: 20; Hunger 1996]; for a parallel see. [TU<ref name=":23" />, 14: 22; Sachs 1952<ref name=":22" />, 66, 68], see also [Emelyanov 1999<ref name=":5" />, 192].
	*(8) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. BM 36746+: MUL.MUL [Rochberg-Halton 1984<ref name=":26">''Rochberg-Halton F.'' New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.</ref>, 135: rev. 2, 10], see (Kurtik s20) [[Sîn]].		*(8) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. BM 36746+: MUL.MUL [Rochberg-Halton 1984<ref name=":26">''Rochberg-Halton F.'' New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.</ref>, 135: rev. 2, 10], see (Kurtik s20) [[Sîn]].
	\|[[File:Fig1 taurus tablet 150dpi sciLogs.jpg\|thumb\|drawing on VAT 7851 whose left subfigure is labelled "MUL.MUL"]]		\|[[File:Fig1 taurus tablet 150dpi sciLogs.jpg\|thumb\|drawing on microzodiac tablet VAT 7851 whose left subfigure is labelled "MUL.MUL" (CC BY SMH<ref name=":32" />)]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Procedural astronomical text BM 36712.'''		\|'''Procedural astronomical text BM 36712.'''

Sushoff at 13:06, 7 October 2026

2026-10-07T13:06:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:06, 7 October 2026
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	}}		}}

	MUL.MUL (𒀯𒀯) = ''zappu'', 'The Pleiades'. The Sumerian name is simply a plural of MUL, star, hence MUL.MUL is best to be understood as 'The Stars,' or more freely 'The Star Cluster,' in any case referring to the stars of the [[Pleiades]]. The Akkadian name is ''[[zappu]]'', 'The Bristle'.		MUL.MUL (𒀯𒀯), ''zappu'', 'The Pleiades'. The Sumerian name is simply a plural of MUL, star, hence MUL.MUL is best to be understood as 'The Stars,' or more freely 'The Star Cluster,' in any case referring to the stars of the [[Pleiades]]. The Akkadian name is not a translation: ''[[zappu]]'', 'The Bristle'.

	== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==
Line 248:		Line 248:
	*(7) Zodiacal astrology. KI mul<sub>2</sub>.mul<sub>2</sub> UŠ<sub>2</sub> ''ta-ḫa-zu'' "The region of Taurus: death in battle" [SpTU II<ref name=":13" />, 43: 20; Hunger 1996]; for a parallel see. [TU<ref name=":23" />, 14: 22; Sachs 1952<ref name=":22" />, 66, 68], see also [Emelyanov 1999<ref name=":5" />, 192].		*(7) Zodiacal astrology. KI mul<sub>2</sub>.mul<sub>2</sub> UŠ<sub>2</sub> ''ta-ḫa-zu'' "The region of Taurus: death in battle" [SpTU II<ref name=":13" />, 43: 20; Hunger 1996]; for a parallel see. [TU<ref name=":23" />, 14: 22; Sachs 1952<ref name=":22" />, 66, 68], see also [Emelyanov 1999<ref name=":5" />, 192].
	*(8) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. BM 36746+: MUL.MUL [Rochberg-Halton 1984<ref name=":26">''Rochberg-Halton F.'' New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.</ref>, 135: rev. 2, 10], see (Kurtik s20) [[Sîn]].		*(8) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. BM 36746+: MUL.MUL [Rochberg-Halton 1984<ref name=":26">''Rochberg-Halton F.'' New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.</ref>, 135: rev. 2, 10], see (Kurtik s20) [[Sîn]].
	\|		\|[[File:Fig1 taurus tablet 150dpi sciLogs.jpg\|thumb\|drawing on VAT 7851 whose left subfigure is labelled "MUL.MUL"]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Procedural astronomical text BM 36712.'''		\|'''Procedural astronomical text BM 36712.'''

Sushoff at 13:02, 7 October 2026

2026-10-07T13:02:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:02, 7 October 2026
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	MUL.MUL (𒀯𒀯) = ''zappu'', 'The Pleiades'. The Sumerian name is simply a plural of MUL, star, hence MUL.MUL is best to be understood as 'The Stars,' or more freely 'The Star Cluster,' in any case referring to the stars of the [[Pleiades]]. The Akkadian name is ''[[zappu]]'', 'The Bristle'.		MUL.MUL (𒀯𒀯) = ''zappu'', 'The Pleiades'. The Sumerian name is simply a plural of MUL, star, hence MUL.MUL is best to be understood as 'The Stars,' or more freely 'The Star Cluster,' in any case referring to the stars of the [[Pleiades]]. The Akkadian name is ''[[zappu]]'', 'The Bristle'.

	~~'''Add Uranology SHU.GI section includes reference to MUL.MUL''' -~~

	== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==

Sushoff at 13:02, 7 October 2026

2026-10-07T13:02:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:02, 7 October 2026
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	* orig.		* orig.
	** 2: x x x x i-na ZAG-šú [dir-rat na]-ši		** 2: x x x x ''i-na'' ZAG-''šú'' [''dir-rat na'']-''ši''
	** 3: GÙB-šú ina UGU MUL.MUL LÁ-át ina SAG-[šú 1 MUL] <sup>⌈</sup>e<sup>⌉</sup>-şir		** 3: GÙB-''šú ina'' UGU MUL.MUL LÁ-''át ina'' SAG-[''šú'' 1 MUL] <sup>⌈</sup>e<sup>⌉</sup>-''şir''

	* transl.		* transl.
Line 194:		Line 194:

	* orig.		* orig.
	** 13' [x x x] ~~⌈x x⌉~~ ina? na?-áš??-rap e-ṣir.MEŠ		** 13' [x x x] <sup>⌈</sup>x x<sup>⌉</sup> ''ina''<sup>?</sup> ''na''<sup>?</sup>-''áš''<sup>??</sup>-''rap e-ṣir''.MEŠ
	** 14' [MUL.MUL] ⌈<sup>d</sup>IMIN.~~BI⌉~~ DINGIR.MEŠ GAL.MEŠ		** 14' [MUL.MUL] <sup>⌈d</sup>IMIN.BI<sup>⌉</sup> DINGIR.MEŠ GAL.MEŠ
	** 15' [GU4.AN.N]A ~~⌈is~~ le-e⌉ a-lu-ú		** 15' [GU4.AN.N]A <sup>⌈</sup>''is le-e''<sup>⌉</sup> ''a-lu-ú''
	** 16' [x] ⌈x x (x)⌉[E]N?.TE.NA.BAR.HUM		** 16' [x] <sup>⌈</sup>x x (x)<sup>⌉</sup>[E]N<sup>?</sup>.TE.NA.BAR.HUM
	* transl.		* transl.
	** 13' [. . .] in the Naṣrapu are drawn.		** 13' [. . .] in the Naṣrapu are drawn.

Sushoff at 12:51, 7 October 2026

2026-10-07T12:51:42Z

@@ Line 179: / Line 179: @@
 * mul.mu[l…] / ˹mul˺[gir<sub>2</sub>.tab…] [George 1991<ref>''George A.R.'' Review of H.Hunger and D.Pingree MUL.APIN. An astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform. Horn 1989 // ZA. 1991. Bd. 81, Halbband 2. S. 301-306.</ref>, 305–306, rev. 15′–16′].
-ADD URANOLOGY TEXTS???
+* orig.
-|[[File:LULIM messenger of MULMUL.jpg|alt=Stellarium star chart with the Stag and the Pleiades|thumb|LULIM (The Stag) stands above the horizon when the Pleiades rise (Babylon, -300), drawing by Jessica Gullberg ]][[File:Pleiades etaTau.jpg|alt=Stellarium star chart with the Pleiades and eta Tauri marked|thumb|Pleiades with eta Tauri highlighted (this star is typically taken as the normal star (or "centre" of the group). ]]
+** 13' [x x x] ⌈x x⌉ ina? na?-áš??-rap e-ṣir.MEŠ
 |-
 |'''Dalbanna-text. (M).'''

Sushoff at 11:36, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T11:36:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:36, 5 July 2026
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	\| bordering = Tau		\| bordering = Tau
	\| notes =		\| notes =
			\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}

Sushoff at 09:33, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T09:33:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:33, 5 July 2026
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	\| numberbrightstars = 1		\| numberbrightstars = 1
	\| numbernearbystars =		\| numbernearbystars =
	\| brighteststarname = Alcyone		\| brighteststarname = [[Alcyone]]
	\| starmagnitude = 2.87		\| starmagnitude = 2.87
	\| neareststarname =		\| neareststarname =