Mesopotamian (All Terms) - Revision history

HermannHunger: /* Page 1 (a01. A to e03. E.TA.NAM.AN) */

2026-04-10T11:03:44Z

Page 1 (a01. A to e03. E.TA.NAM.AN)

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:03, 10 April 2026
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	\|Damkianna		\|Damkianna
	\|		\|
	\|< Damkina. Goddess, wife of Enki/Ea. The normal form is Damkina; the extended form (with the component -an-na “of heaven”) is artificial. Used as the Akk. equivalent of Sum. Damgalnunna. <sup>d</sup>Dam-ki-an-na. In MUL.APIN I i 20 associated with [[MAR.GID2.DA.AN.NA\|MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA.AN.NA]] (The ~~Great~~ Wagon of Heaven)		\|< Damkina. Goddess, wife of Enki/Ea. The normal form is Damkina; the extended form (with the component -an-na “of heaven”) is artificial. Used as the Akk. equivalent of Sum. Damgalnunna. <sup>d</sup>Dam-ki-an-na. In MUL.APIN I i 20 associated with [[MAR.GID2.DA.AN.NA\|MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA.AN.NA]] (The Wagon of Heaven)
	\|-		\|-
	\|𒀭𒁕𒈬		\|𒀭𒁕𒈬

HermannHunger: /* Page 1 (a01. A to e03. E.TA.NAM.AN) */

2026-04-09T13:10:46Z

Page 1 (a01. A to e03. E.TA.NAM.AN)

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	\|Baba		\|Baba
	\|		\|
	\|<sup>d</sup>Ba-ba<sub>6</sub>, Goddess, wife of Ningirsu/Ninurta, identified with Gula who, in MUL.APIN I i 24 is ~~associtated~~ with the asterism of The Goat.		\|<sup>d</sup>Ba-ba<sub>6</sub>, Goddess, wife of Ningirsu/Ninurta, identified with Gula who, in MUL.APIN I i 24 is associated with the asterism of The Goat.
	\|-		\|-
	\|𒀭𒁀𒅆		\|𒀭𒁀𒅆

HermannHunger: /* Page 1 (a01. A to e03. E.TA.NAM.AN) */

2026-04-08T09:34:46Z

Page 1 (a01. A to e03. E.TA.NAM.AN)

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	\|a40. <sup>d</sup>''Antum''		\|a40. <sup>d</sup>''Antum''
	\|		\|
	\|Asterism forming part of the constellation (m08) Wagon, identified with the goddess Antum, the wife of the god Anu, 'the King of Heaven'; paired with (a41) <sup>mul d</sup>''Anum''. The name is attested in a night ritual at the temple of Anu in Uruk, see (a41) <sup>d</sup>''Anum'', 3. In the divine ~~genealogies–the~~ consort of the sky god Anu, see [[AN]]: <sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (I 2-23, 29-31) [Litke 1998, 20-24].		\|Asterism forming part of the constellation (m08) Wagon, identified with the goddess Antum, the wife of the god Anu, 'the King of Heaven'; paired with (a41) <sup>mul d</sup>''Anum''. The name is attested in a night ritual at the temple of Anu in Uruk, see (a41) <sup>d</sup>''Anum'', 3. In the divine genealogies – the consort of the sky god Anu, see [[AN]]: <sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (I 2-23, 29-31) [Litke 1998, 20-24].
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|

HermannHunger: /* Page 1 (a01. A to e03. E.TA.NAM.AN) */

2026-04-08T09:02:13Z

Page 1 (a01. A to e03. E.TA.NAM.AN)

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	\|a38. AN.ZU		\|a38. AN.ZU
	\|		\|
	\|See (Kurtik i07) [[IM.DUGUDmušen\|<sup>mul d</sup>IM.DUGUD<sup>mušen</sup>]]. The reading ANZU and ANZUD have been proposed for IM.DUGUD and <sup>d</sup>~~IMDUGUD~~. Writings <sup>mul d</sup>IM.DUGUD prove that this is a name for an asterism, perhaps to be read <sup>mul d</sup>Anzu(d).		\|See (Kurtik i07) [[IM.DUGUDmušen\|<sup>mul d</sup>IM.DUGUD<sup>mušen</sup>]]. The reading ANZU and ANZUD have been proposed for IM.DUGUD and <sup>d</sup>IM.DUGUD. Writings <sup>mul d</sup>IM.DUGUD prove that this is a name for an asterism, perhaps to be read <sup>mul d</sup>Anzu(d).
	\|-		\|-
	\|𒀲𒆳𒊏		\|𒀲𒆳𒊏

HermannHunger: /* Page 1 (a01. A to e03. E.TA.NAM.AN) */

2026-04-07T11:52:51Z

Page 1 (a01. A to e03. E.TA.NAM.AN)

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:52, 7 April 2026
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	\|''[[Andurunna]]''		\|''[[Andurunna]]''
	\|		\|
	\|cosmic region and divine name: the pre-sky (home of gods before Marduk created the heavens), see Horowitz (1998, 225)		\|cosmic region and divine name: the pre-sky home of gods before Marduk created the heavens, see [Horowitz 1998, 225]
	\|-		\|-
	\|𒀭𒆠		\|𒀭𒆠

Sushoff: /* Acknowledgements */

2026-03-29T09:10:38Z

Acknowledgements

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:10, 29 March 2026
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	\|𒍣		\|𒍣
	\|		\|
	\|z06. [[ZI]]		\|z06. ZI
	\|
	\|		\|
			\|see [[ZI.BA.AN.NA]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|𒍣𒁀𒀭𒈾		\|𒍣𒁀𒀭𒈾

JanSafford: /* Month Names */

2026-03-28T13:42:54Z

Month Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:42, 28 March 2026
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	\|Adar אֲדָר		\|Adar אֲדָר
	\|-		\|-
	\|Month XIII		\|Intercalary
			Month XIII
	\|<sup>ITI</sup>DIRI.ŠE.KIN.KU<sub>5</sub> Additional harvest month		\|<sup>ITI</sup>DIRI.ŠE.KIN.KU<sub>5</sub> Additional harvest month
	\|ITI.DIRIG.ŠE(.KIN.TAR)		\|ITI.DIRIG.ŠE(.KIN.TAR)

JanSafford: /* Month Names */

2026-03-28T13:25:57Z

Month Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:25, 28 March 2026
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	!Sumerian		!Sumerian
	!Sumerian (alternate)		!Sumerian (alternate)
			!Akkadian
	!Hebrew		!Hebrew
	~~!Akkadian~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|Month I		\|Month I
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	Month (images) placed by throne		Month (images) placed by throne
	\|ITI.BAR(.SAG.SAG)		\|ITI.BAR(.SAG.SAG)
			\|''Nisānu''
	\|Nisan נִיסָן		\|Nisan נִיסָן
	~~\|''Nisānu''~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|Month II		\|Month II
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	Month horned oxen marched forth		Month horned oxen marched forth
	\|ITI.GU<sub>4</sub>(.SI.SÁ)		\|ITI.GU<sub>4</sub>(.SI.SÁ)
			\|''Ayyāru''
	\|Iyar אִייָר‎		\|Iyar אִייָר‎
	~~\|''Ayyāru''~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|Month III		\|Month III
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	Month the brick is placed in the mold		Month the brick is placed in the mold
	\|ITI.SIG<sub>4</sub>.A		\|ITI.SIG<sub>4</sub>.A
			\|''simānu''
	\|Sivan סִיוָן		\|Sivan סִיוָן
	~~\|''simānu''~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|Month IV		\|Month IV
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	\|ITI.ŠU(.NUMUN.A/NA);		\|ITI.ŠU(.NUMUN.A/NA);
	ITI.ŠU.GAR.NUMUN.NA		ITI.ŠU.GAR.NUMUN.NA
			\|''Dûzu''
	\|Tammuz תַּמּוּז		\|Tammuz תַּמּוּז
	~~\|''Dûzu''~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|Month V		\|Month V
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	Month braziers are lit		Month braziers are lit
	\|ITI.NE(.NE.GAR)		\|ITI.NE(.NE.GAR)
			\|''Abu''
	\|Av אָב		\|Av אָב
	~~\|''Abu''~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|Month VI		\|Month VI
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	Month of rectification of Inanna		Month of rectification of Inanna
	\|ITI.KIN		\|ITI.KIN
			\|''Ulūlu /'' ''Elūlu''
	\|Elul אֱלוּל		\|Elul אֱלוּל
	~~\|''Ulūlu /'' ''Elūlu''~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|Month VII		\|Month VII
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	Month of Sacred Mound		Month of Sacred Mound
	\|ITI.DU<sub>6</sub>/DUL(.KÙ)		\|ITI.DU<sub>6</sub>/DUL(.KÙ)
			\|''tašrītu''
	\|Tishrei תִּשְׁרֵי		\|Tishrei תִּשְׁרֵי
	~~\|''tašrītu''~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|Month VIII		\|Month VIII
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	Month the plow is let go		Month the plow is let go
	\|ITI.APIN(.DU<sub>8</sub>.A)		\|ITI.APIN(.DU<sub>8</sub>.A)
			\|''Arahsamnu''
	\|(Mar)Cheshvan		\|(Mar)Cheshvan
	מַרְחֶשְׁוָן/חֶשְׁוָן		מַרְחֶשְׁוָן/חֶשְׁוָן
	~~\|''Arahsamnu''~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|Month IX		\|Month IX
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	Month when the clouds(?) come out		Month when the clouds(?) come out
	\|ITI.GAN(.GAN.NA)		\|ITI.GAN(.GAN.NA)
			\|''Kisilīmu''
	\|Kislev כִּסְלֵו		\|Kislev כִּסְלֵו
	~~\|''Kisilīmu''~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|Month X		\|Month X
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	Month of the father		Month of the father
	\|ITI.AB(.BA.È)		\|ITI.AB(.BA.È)
			\|''ṭebētu''
	\|Tevet טֵבֵת		\|Tevet טֵבֵת
	~~\|''ṭebētu''~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|Month XI		\|Month XI
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	Month for emmer		Month for emmer
	\|ITI.ZÍZ(.A.AN)		\|ITI.ZÍZ(.A.AN)
			\|''Šabāṭu''
	\|Shevat שְׁבָט		\|Shevat שְׁבָט
	~~\|''Šabāṭu''~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|Month XII		\|Month XII
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	Month of the cutting of barley		Month of the cutting of barley
	\|ITI.ŠE(.KIN.TAR)		\|ITI.ŠE(.KIN.TAR)
			\|''Ad(d)aru''
	\|Adar אֲדָר		\|Adar אֲדָר
	~~\|''Adaru''~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|Month XIII
	\|<sup>ITI</sup>DIRI.ŠE.KIN.KU<sub>5</sub>		\|<sup>ITI</sup>DIRI.ŠE.KIN.KU<sub>5</sub> Additional harvest month
	\|ITI.DIRIG.ŠE(.KIN.TAR)		\|ITI.DIRIG.ŠE(.KIN.TAR)
	\|		\|''Adaru arkû''
	\|		\|Adar II
			אֲדָר שֵׁנִי
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Introduction */

2026-03-28T11:33:33Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:33, 28 March 2026
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	This dictionary is in a preliminary state (a beta-version). We are still in the process of editing, regularizing technical details such as citation issues, and selecting illustrations. Nonetheless, even in this incomplete form the Planetarium Babylonicum is already the most complete reference work available for Mesopotamian sky-names. Please feel free to make use of our data as is, bearing in mind that you are using unfinished/ incomplete version which often undergoes changes on a daily basis. We hope for completion of a preliminary alpha-version by 2027.		This dictionary is in a preliminary state (a beta-version). We are still in the process of editing, regularizing technical details such as citation issues, and selecting illustrations. Nonetheless, even in this incomplete form the Planetarium Babylonicum is already the most complete reference work available for Mesopotamian sky-names. Please feel free to make use of our data as is, bearing in mind that you are using unfinished/ incomplete version which often undergoes changes on a daily basis. We hope for completion of a preliminary alpha-version by 2027.

	We thank G. Kurtik and his family for providing his updated materials from Kurtik 2007 for inclusion in this more comprehensive product. We translated his unfinished manuscript to English, relaced many of his non-standard Assyriological abbreviations, titles, translations, hyperlinked all (or most of) the references and are still updating his (largely outdated identifications which is a research project on its own within this corpus). Still, some information is missing, as Kurtik passed away while working on it: so, we also try to reconstruct what he had in mind. For now, the beta-version still is undergoing some sorting and restructuring of the Assyriological material. The alpha-version will be more in line with contemporary standards. Likewise, we are still in the process of regularizing transliteration of Sumerian and Akkadian texts and seeking the most appropriate possible font for presenting cuneiform signs.		We thank G. Kurtik and his family for providing his updated materials from Kurtik 2007 for inclusion in this more comprehensive product. We translated his unfinished manuscript to English, relaced many of his non-standard Assyriological abbreviations, titles, translations, hyperlinked all (or most of) the references and are still updating his (largely outdated or indistinguished) astronomical identifications which is a research project on its own within this corpus. Still, some information is missing, as Kurtik passed away while working on it: so, we also try to reconstruct what he had in mind. For now, the beta-version still is undergoing some sorting and restructuring of the Assyriological material. The alpha-version will be more in line with contemporary standards. Likewise, we are still in the process of regularizing transliteration of Sumerian and Akkadian texts and seeking the most appropriate possible font for presenting cuneiform signs.
	=== Pronunciation ===		=== Pronunciation ===
	Sumerian and Akkadian coexisted for millennia but we have no direct means of being certain as to their exact pronunciations or to dialectical differences in either language. Two names illustrate this difficulty: lu<sub>2</sub>.hun.ga<sub>2</sub> and pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag. Each shows a nasalized g of the order of Spanish "señor" (hunga and sang). Hence, the resumption of the nasalized ga<sub>2</sub> rather than ga<sub>1</sub> (here g as in goat) for lu<sub>2</sub>.hun.ga<sub>2</sub>, and pa.bil.sag with nasalized g as in Sumerian hur.sag (mountain range) = Akkadian ''hurshannu'' or variants of the name of the Temple of Marduk in Babylon esagil/ esangil.		Sumerian and Akkadian coexisted for millennia but we have no direct means of being certain as to their exact pronunciations or to dialectical differences in either language. Two names illustrate this difficulty: lu<sub>2</sub>.hun.ga<sub>2</sub> and pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag. Each shows a nasalized g of the order of Spanish "señor" (hunga and sang). Hence, the resumption of the nasalized ga<sub>2</sub> rather than ga<sub>1</sub> (here g as in goat) for lu<sub>2</sub>.hun.ga<sub>2</sub>, and pa.bil.sag with nasalized g as in Sumerian hur.sag (mountain range) = Akkadian ''hurshannu'' or variants of the name of the Temple of Marduk in Babylon esagil/ esangil.

Sushoff: /* Introduction */

2026-03-28T11:32:21Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:32, 28 March 2026
Line 8:		Line 8:
	This dictionary is in a preliminary state (a beta-version). We are still in the process of editing, regularizing technical details such as citation issues, and selecting illustrations. Nonetheless, even in this incomplete form the Planetarium Babylonicum is already the most complete reference work available for Mesopotamian sky-names. Please feel free to make use of our data as is, bearing in mind that you are using unfinished/ incomplete version which often undergoes changes on a daily basis. We hope for completion of a preliminary alpha-version by 2027.		This dictionary is in a preliminary state (a beta-version). We are still in the process of editing, regularizing technical details such as citation issues, and selecting illustrations. Nonetheless, even in this incomplete form the Planetarium Babylonicum is already the most complete reference work available for Mesopotamian sky-names. Please feel free to make use of our data as is, bearing in mind that you are using unfinished/ incomplete version which often undergoes changes on a daily basis. We hope for completion of a preliminary alpha-version by 2027.

	We thank G. Kurtik and his family for providing his updated materials from Kurtik 2007 for inclusion in this more comprehensive product. We relaced many of his non-standard Assyriological abbreviations ~~and~~ hyperlinked all (or most of) the references. Still, some information is missing, as Kurtik passed away while working on it: so, we also try to reconstruct what he had in mind. For now, the beta-version still is undergoing some sorting and restructuring of the Assyriological material. The alpha-version will be more in line with contemporary standards. Likewise, we are still in the process of regularizing transliteration of Sumerian and Akkadian texts and seeking the most appropriate possible font for presenting cuneiform signs.		We thank G. Kurtik and his family for providing his updated materials from Kurtik 2007 for inclusion in this more comprehensive product. We translated his unfinished manuscript to English, relaced many of his non-standard Assyriological abbreviations, titles, translations, hyperlinked all (or most of) the references and are still updating his (largely outdated identifications which is a research project on its own within this corpus). Still, some information is missing, as Kurtik passed away while working on it: so, we also try to reconstruct what he had in mind. For now, the beta-version still is undergoing some sorting and restructuring of the Assyriological material. The alpha-version will be more in line with contemporary standards. Likewise, we are still in the process of regularizing transliteration of Sumerian and Akkadian texts and seeking the most appropriate possible font for presenting cuneiform signs.
	=== Pronunciation ===		=== Pronunciation ===
	Sumerian and Akkadian coexisted for millennia but we have no direct means of being certain as to their exact pronunciations or to dialectical differences in either language. Two names illustrate this difficulty: lu<sub>2</sub>.hun.ga<sub>2</sub> and pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag. Each shows a nasalized g of the order of Spanish "señor" (hunga and sang). Hence, the resumption of the nasalized ga<sub>2</sub> rather than ga<sub>1</sub> (here g as in goat) for lu<sub>2</sub>.hun.ga<sub>2</sub>, and pa.bil.sag with nasalized g as in Sumerian hur.sag (mountain range) = Akkadian ''hurshannu'' or variants of the name of the Temple of Marduk in Babylon esagil/ esangil.		Sumerian and Akkadian coexisted for millennia but we have no direct means of being certain as to their exact pronunciations or to dialectical differences in either language. Two names illustrate this difficulty: lu<sub>2</sub>.hun.ga<sub>2</sub> and pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag. Each shows a nasalized g of the order of Spanish "señor" (hunga and sang). Hence, the resumption of the nasalized ga<sub>2</sub> rather than ga<sub>1</sub> (here g as in goat) for lu<sub>2</sub>.hun.ga<sub>2</sub>, and pa.bil.sag with nasalized g as in Sumerian hur.sag (mountain range) = Akkadian ''hurshannu'' or variants of the name of the Temple of Marduk in Babylon esagil/ esangil.