Nabû - Revision history

Sushoff at 18:50, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T18:50:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:50, 26 March 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Nabû''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Nabû''}}
	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	<sup>mul / d</sup>''Nabû''. The god Nabu, the titular deity of the city of Borsippa and son of Marduk, the god of nearby Babylon (and head of the Babylonian Pantheon) is typically identified with the planet Mercury in the first millennium BCE. Earlier, Marduk himself was identified with Mercury although this identification for the most part was update by an identification of Marduk with Jupiter. For identifications of Nabu with stars and constellations see below.		<sup>mul / d</sup>''Nabû''. The god Nabu, the titular deity of the city of Borsippa and son of Marduk, the god of nearby Babylon (and head of the Babylonian Pantheon) is typically identified with the planet Mercury in the first millennium BCE. Earlier, Marduk himself was identified with Mercury although this identification for the most part was update by an identification of Marduk with Jupiter. For identifications of Nabu with stars and constellations see below.

Sushoff at 08:22, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T08:22:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:22, 17 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Nabû''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Nabû''}}
			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
			----
	<sup>mul / d</sup>''Nabû''. The god Nabu, the titular deity of the city of Borsippa and son of Marduk, the god of nearby Babylon (and head of the Babylonian Pantheon) is typically identified with the planet Mercury in the first millennium BCE. Earlier, Marduk himself was identified with Mercury although this identification for the most part was update by an identification of Marduk with Jupiter. For identifications of Nabu with stars and constellations see below.		<sup>mul / d</sup>''Nabû''. The god Nabu, the titular deity of the city of Borsippa and son of Marduk, the god of nearby Babylon (and head of the Babylonian Pantheon) is typically identified with the planet Mercury in the first millennium BCE. Earlier, Marduk himself was identified with Mercury although this identification for the most part was update by an identification of Marduk with Jupiter. For identifications of Nabu with stars and constellations see below.

Sushoff at 15:53, 29 December 2025

2025-12-29T15:53:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:53, 29 December 2025
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	<sup>mul / d</sup>''Nabû''. The god Nabu, the titular deity of the city of Borsippa and son of Marduk, the god of nearby Babylon (and head of the Babylonian Pantheon) is typically identified with the planet Mercury in the first millennium BCE. Earlier, Marduk himself was identified with Mercury although this identification for the most part was update by an identification of Marduk with Jupiter. For identifications of Nabu with stars and constellations see below.		<sup>mul / d</sup>''Nabû''. The god Nabu, the titular deity of the city of Borsippa and son of Marduk, the god of nearby Babylon (and head of the Babylonian Pantheon) is typically identified with the planet Mercury in the first millennium BCE. Earlier, Marduk himself was identified with Mercury although this identification for the most part was update by an identification of Marduk with Jupiter. For identifications of Nabu with stars and constellations see below.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

	~~=== Krebernik~~ (~~2023~~) ~~===~~
	~~'''Nabû~~.~~''' God of writing and wisdom, city god of Borsippa~~, ~~considered as a scribe and later as a son of Marduk~~. ~~<sup>d~~</~~sup~~>~~AK (EA 11r).~~

	~~===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim=~~==
	Early form: <sup>mul / d</sup>''Na-bi-um''; = <sup>d</sup>AG, <sup>d</sup>PA, <sup>d</sup>MUATI; ''Nabû'', god, patron of the scribal arts and wisdom, son of Marduk and local deity of the city of Borsippa;		Early form: <sup>mul / d</sup>''Na-bi-um''; = <sup>d</sup>AG, <sup>d</sup>PA, <sup>d</sup>MUATI; ''Nabû'', god, patron of the scribal arts and wisdom, son of Marduk and local deity of the city of Borsippa;

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	* 2) = Antares (α Scorpii) (?),		* 2) = Antares (α Scorpii) (?),
	* 3) constellation Ship (?) [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 290].		* 3) constellation Ship (?) [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 290].
			'''Nabû.'''<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> God of writing and wisdom, city god of Borsippa, considered as a scribe and later as a son of Marduk. <sup>d</sup>AK (EA 11r).
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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JanSafford at 17:42, 27 December 2025

2025-12-27T17:42:03Z

Show changes

InitTeam at 08:39, 16 December 2025

2025-12-16T08:39:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:39, 16 December 2025
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	==References==		==References==
	*[[References (Babylonian)\|Kurtik's references]]		*[[References (Babylonian)\|Kurtik's references]]

			[[Category:4workWayne]]

	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Akkadian]]		[[Category:Akkadian]]

WayneHorowitz at 13:22, 3 November 2025

2025-11-03T13:22:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:22, 3 November 2025
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	\|'''The 8th campaign of Sargon II.'''		\|'''The 8th campaign of Sargon II.'''
	* ''i-na qi''<sub>2</sub>-''bi-it ṣir-te ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Nabû'' <sup>d</sup>''Marduk ša''<sub>2</sub> ''i-na man-za-az'' mul.meš ... ''iṣ-ba-tu ta-lu-ku'' "According to the majestic command of Nabû (and) Marduk, who are in the stellar 'stations'... hold the way," quoted in [Brown 2000<ref name=":1">''Brown D.'' Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.</ref>, 14, note 41]. Here, apparently, the reference is to Nabu and Marduk as the planets Mercury and Jupiter; for an analysis of various translations of the text and its interpretation, see [Brown 2000<ref name=":1" />, 14, note 41].		* ''i-na qi''<sub>2</sub>-''bi-it ṣir-te ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Nabû'' <sup>d</sup>''Marduk ša''<sub>2</sub> ''i-na man-za-az'' mul.meš ... ''iṣ-ba-tu ta-lu-ku'' "According to the majestic command of Nabû (and) Marduk, who are in the stellar 'stations'... hold the way," quoted in [Brown 2000<ref name=":1">''Brown D.'' Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.</ref>, 14, note 41]. Here, apparently, the reference is to Nabu and Marduk as the planets Mercury and Jupiter; for an analysis of various translations of the text and its interpretation, see [Brown 2000<ref name=":1" />, 14, note 41]. <u>'''''NEED TO CHECK with new RIM volume???'''''</u>
	\|Example		\|Example
	\|-		\|-
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	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	See. [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":2">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 8:7; NSAM 2<ref name=":3">''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 248].		See. [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":2">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 8:7; NSAM 2<ref name=":3">''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 248] (Mercury). See below Astrology
	\|		\|
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	\|'''"Letters."'''		\|'''"Letters."'''
	See. [LABS<ref name=":4">''Parpola S.'' Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Helsinki, 1993 (State Archives of Assyria, Vol. X).</ref>, 64:5].		See. SAA 10 <s>[LABS</s><ref name=":4">''Parpola S.'' Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Helsinki, 1993 (State Archives of Assyria, Vol. X).</ref>, 64:5<s>]</s>.
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	\|}		\|}
	The star of the east and west: <sup>d</sup>''Nabû''(AG) ''ni-bu-bu-u''<sub>2</sub><sup>?</sup> ... MUL ''ṣit šamši''(<sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub>) ''u''<sub>3</sub> ''erēb šamši''(<sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A) "Nabû, the brilliant ... star of the east and west" ~~[BE VIII, 142:10], quoted in [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 290]; for a parallel see.~~ [Lambert 1957-58<ref>''Lambert W.G.'' Two Texts from the Early Part of the Reign of Ashurbanipal // AfO. 1957-59. Bd. 18. S. 382-387.</ref>, 386:11].		The star of the east and west: <sup>d</sup>''Nabû''(AG) ''ni-bu-bu-u''<sub>2</sub><sup>?</sup> ... MUL ''ṣit šamši''(<sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub>) ''u''<sub>3</sub> ''erēb šamši''(<sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A) "Nabû, the brilliant ... star of the east and west" [Lambert 1957-58<ref>''Lambert W.G.'' Two Texts from the Early Part of the Reign of Ashurbanipal // AfO. 1957-59. Bd. 18. S. 382-387.</ref>, 386:11], previously quoted in Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 290 from BE 8 142.

	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== II. Deity. ====		==== II. Deity. ====
	Nabu as a deity became known in Mesopotamia from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. The center of worship and veneration for Nabu was the city of Borsippa near Babylon. With time, he entered the circle of Marduk's gods, first as his vizier, mentioned in AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (II 242) (<sup>d</sup>AG <sup>d</sup>''Na-bi-um'' = SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>Marduk.ke<sub>4</sub> "Nabu = Minister of Marduk" [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 96:242]) he appears in this capacity, and then (not before the Kassite period) as the son of Marduk and Zarpanitu. The goddess of fate, Tashmetu, was considered his wife. The importance of Nabu gradually increased, in popularity, he equaled Marduk and ~~even replaced~~ Marduk in the Neo-Babylonian period. The standard symbol of Nabu is the scribe's slate. Some attributes of Marduk, including the serpent dragon ~~Mushkhushshu,~~ were also transferred to him [Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, fig. 48]. The earliest evidence of the astral meaning of Nabu is the description of the 8th campaign of Sargon II (714 BC). It remains unclear why exactly Nabu was identified in Mesopotamia with the planet Mercury. Since Nabu was considered the son of Marduk, in astrology, Mercury was regarded as the star of the crown prince. See. [MHM II<ref>''Мифы народов мира''. Т. 1-2 / Глав. ред. С.А.Токарев. 2-е издание. М.: Советская энциклопедия. 1992.</ref>, 194; Black-Green 1992<ref>''Black J., Green A.'' Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. An Illustrated Dictionary. London, British Museum Press, 1992.</ref>, 133-134; Brown 2000<ref name=":1" />, 67-68; NSAM 2<ref name=":3" />, 19, § 21; Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 380-384].		Nabu as a deity became known in Mesopotamia from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. The center of worship and veneration for Nabu was the city of Borsippa near Babylon. With time, he entered the circle of Marduk's gods, first as his vizier, mentioned in AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (II 242) (<sup>d</sup>AG <sup>d</sup>''Na-bi-um'' = SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>Marduk.ke<sub>4</sub> "Nabu = Minister of Marduk" [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 96:242]) he appears in this capacity, and then (not before the Kassite period) as the son of Marduk and Zarpanitu. The goddess of fate, Tashmetu, was considered his wife. The importance of Nabu gradually increased, in popularity, he equaled Marduk and evenא outshone Marduk in the Neo-Babylonian period. The standard symbol of Nabu is the scribe's slate. Some attributes of Marduk, including the serpent dragon ''[[mušhuššu]]'' were also transferred to him [Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, fig. 48]. The earliest evidence of the astral meaning of Nabu is the description of the 8th campaign of Sargon II (714 BC). It remains unclear why exactly Nabu was identified in Mesopotamia with the planet Mercury. Since Nabu was considered the son of Marduk, in astrology, Mercury was regarded as the star of the crown prince. See. [MHM II<ref>''Мифы народов мира''. Т. 1-2 / Глав. ред. С.А.Токарев. 2-е издание. М.: Советская энциклопедия. 1992.</ref>, 194; Black-Green 1992<ref>''Black J., Green A.'' Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. An Illustrated Dictionary. London, British Museum Press, 1992.</ref>, 133-134; Brown 2000<ref name=":1" />, 67-68; NSAM 2<ref name=":3" />, 19, § 21; Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 380-384].

	==== III. Astrology. ====		==== III. Astrology. ====

WayneHorowitz at 12:57, 3 November 2025

2025-11-03T12:57:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:57, 3 November 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Nabû''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Nabû''}}
	<sup>mul / d</sup>''Nabû'' (~~𒀯𒈾𒁉𒁾~~) is an ~~ancient Mesopotamian asterism~~.		<sup>mul / d</sup>''Nabû''. The god Nabu, the titular deity of the city of Borsippa and son of Marduk, the god of nearby Babylon (and head of the Babylonian Pantheon) is typically identified with the planet Mercury in the first millennium BCE. Earlier, Marduk himself was identified with Mercury although this identification for the most part was update by an identification of Marduk with Jupiter. For identifications of Nabu with stars and constellations see below.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==

InitTeam at 07:05, 13 October 2025

2025-10-13T07:05:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:05, 13 October 2025
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	* 1) = planet Mercury,		* 1) = planet Mercury,
	* 2) = Antares (α Scorpii) (?),		* 2) = Antares (α Scorpii) (?),
	* 3) constellation Ship (?) [G. 290].		* 3) constellation Ship (?) [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 290].

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|'''The 8th campaign of Sargon II.'''		\|'''The 8th campaign of Sargon II.'''
	* ''i-na qi''<sub>2</sub>-''bi-it ṣir-te ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Nabû'' <sup>d</sup>''Marduk ša''<sub>2</sub> ''i-na man-za-az'' mul.meš ... ''iṣ-ba-tu ta-lu-ku'' "According to the majestic command of Nabû (and) Marduk, who are in the stellar 'stations'... hold the way," quoted in [Brown 2000, 14, note 41]. Here, apparently, the reference is to Nabu and Marduk as the planets Mercury and Jupiter; for an analysis of various translations of the text and its interpretation, see [Brown 2000, 14, note 41]. ~~[ibid.]~~		* ''i-na qi''<sub>2</sub>-''bi-it ṣir-te ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Nabû'' <sup>d</sup>''Marduk ša''<sub>2</sub> ''i-na man-za-az'' mul.meš ... ''iṣ-ba-tu ta-lu-ku'' "According to the majestic command of Nabû (and) Marduk, who are in the stellar 'stations'... hold the way," quoted in [Brown 2000<ref name=":1">''Brown D.'' Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.</ref>, 14, note 41]. Here, apparently, the reference is to Nabu and Marduk as the planets Mercury and Jupiter; for an analysis of various translations of the text and its interpretation, see [Brown 2000<ref name=":1" />, 14, note 41].
	\|Example		\|Example
	\|-		\|-
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	Among the astral gods:		Among the astral gods:

	* <sup>mul</sup>''Na-bi-um'' [Oppenheim 1959, 283:20].		* <sup>mul</sup>''Na-bi-um'' [Oppenheim 1959<ref>''Oppenheim A.L.'' A New Prayer to the “Gods of the Night” // Analecta biblica. 1959. Vol. 12. P. 282-301.</ref>, 283:20].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	See. [ACh Suppl., 8:7; NSAM 2, 248].		See. [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":2">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 8:7; NSAM 2<ref name=":3">''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 248].
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	\|'''"Letters."'''		\|'''"Letters."'''
	See. [LABS, 64:5].		See. [LABS<ref name=":4">''Parpola S.'' Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Helsinki, 1993 (State Archives of Assyria, Vol. X).</ref>, 64:5].
	\|		\|
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	\|'''List of stars VR 46, 1:38.'''		\|'''List of stars VR 46, 1:38.'''
	* <sup>mul</sup>ma<sub>2</sub>.gur<sub>8</sub> <sup>mul</sup>suḫur.maš<sub>2</sub> = <sup>d</sup>''Nabû''(MUATI) ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Taš-me-tu''<sub>4</sub> "Ship (and) Goat-fish = Nabû and Tashmetu" [HBA, 52:38; Wee 2016, 162-3].		* <sup>mul</sup>ma<sub>2</sub>.gur<sub>8</sub> <sup>mul</sup>suḫur.maš<sub>2</sub> = <sup>d</sup>''Nabû''(MUATI) ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Taš-me-tu''<sub>4</sub> "Ship (and) Goat-fish = Nabû and Tashmetu" [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 52:38; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, 162-3].
	* See also <sup>d</sup>''Na-bi-um lu-u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>PA-[''a-ti''<sup>?</sup>...] [NSAM 2, IIIa: 7′].		* See also <sup>d</sup>''Na-bi-um lu-u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>PA-[''a-ti''<sup>?</sup>...] [NSAM 2<ref name=":3" />, IIIa: 7′].
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
	The star of the east and west: <sup>d</sup>''Nabû''(AG) ''ni-bu-bu-u''<sub>2</sub><sup>?</sup> ... MUL ''ṣit šamši''(<sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub>) ''u''<sub>3</sub> ''erēb šamši''(<sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A) "Nabû, the brilliant ... star of the east and west" [BE VIII, 142:10], quoted in [G. 290]; for a parallel see. [Lambert 1957-58, 386:11].		The star of the east and west: <sup>d</sup>''Nabû''(AG) ''ni-bu-bu-u''<sub>2</sub><sup>?</sup> ... MUL ''ṣit šamši''(<sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub>) ''u''<sub>3</sub> ''erēb šamši''(<sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A) "Nabû, the brilliant ... star of the east and west" [BE VIII, 142:10], quoted in [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 290]; for a parallel see. [Lambert 1957-58<ref>''Lambert W.G.'' Two Texts from the Early Part of the Reign of Ashurbanipal // AfO. 1957-59. Bd. 18. S. 382-387.</ref>, 386:11].

	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== II. Deity. ====		==== II. Deity. ====
	Nabu as a deity became known in Mesopotamia from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. The center of worship and veneration for Nabu was the city of Borsippa near Babylon. With time, he entered the circle of Marduk's gods, first as his vizier, mentioned in AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (II 242) (<sup>d</sup>AG <sup>d</sup>''Na-bi-um'' = SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>Marduk.ke<sub>4</sub> "Nabu = Minister of Marduk" [Litke 1998, 96:242]) he appears in this capacity, and then (not before the Kassite period) as the son of Marduk and Zarpanitu. The goddess of fate, Tashmetu, was considered his wife. The importance of Nabu gradually increased, in popularity, he equaled Marduk and even replaced Marduk in the Neo-Babylonian period. The standard symbol of Nabu is the scribe's slate. Some attributes of Marduk, including the serpent dragon Mushkhushshu, were also transferred to him [Kurtik 2007, fig. 48]. The earliest evidence of the astral meaning of Nabu is the description of the 8th campaign of Sargon II (714 BC). It remains unclear why exactly Nabu was identified in Mesopotamia with the planet Mercury. Since Nabu was considered the son of Marduk, in astrology, Mercury was regarded as the star of the crown prince. See. [MHM II, 194; Black-Green 1992, 133-134; Brown 2000, 67-68; NSAM 2, 19, § 21; Tallqvist 1938, 380-384].		Nabu as a deity became known in Mesopotamia from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. The center of worship and veneration for Nabu was the city of Borsippa near Babylon. With time, he entered the circle of Marduk's gods, first as his vizier, mentioned in AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (II 242) (<sup>d</sup>AG <sup>d</sup>''Na-bi-um'' = SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>Marduk.ke<sub>4</sub> "Nabu = Minister of Marduk" [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 96:242]) he appears in this capacity, and then (not before the Kassite period) as the son of Marduk and Zarpanitu. The goddess of fate, Tashmetu, was considered his wife. The importance of Nabu gradually increased, in popularity, he equaled Marduk and even replaced Marduk in the Neo-Babylonian period. The standard symbol of Nabu is the scribe's slate. Some attributes of Marduk, including the serpent dragon Mushkhushshu, were also transferred to him [Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, fig. 48]. The earliest evidence of the astral meaning of Nabu is the description of the 8th campaign of Sargon II (714 BC). It remains unclear why exactly Nabu was identified in Mesopotamia with the planet Mercury. Since Nabu was considered the son of Marduk, in astrology, Mercury was regarded as the star of the crown prince. See. [MHM II<ref>''Мифы народов мира''. Т. 1-2 / Глав. ред. С.А.Токарев. 2-е издание. М.: Советская энциклопедия. 1992.</ref>, 194; Black-Green 1992<ref>''Black J., Green A.'' Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. An Illustrated Dictionary. London, British Museum Press, 1992.</ref>, 133-134; Brown 2000<ref name=":1" />, 67-68; NSAM 2<ref name=":3" />, 19, § 21; Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 380-384].

	==== III. Astrology. ====		==== III. Astrology. ====
	(1) Moon and Nabu (= Mercury); DIŠ 30 ''ina'' UD.1.KAM<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' IGI.LA<sub>2</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> SI-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> 2,30 GAM-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>''Na-bu-u''<sub>2</sub> (var.: ''Ne''<sub>2</sub>-''bu-u''<sub>2</sub>): <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' A<sub>2</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''az'' [MU.3.KAM<sub>2</sub>] KUR.[MAR].TU KUR<sub>2</sub> KU<sub>2</sub> "If the Moon (is observed) at its appearance on the 1st day (of the month and) its left horn is beveled by Mercury, var: Venus stands on its side: [within 3 years] the enemy will devour the country of [Amu]r" [ACh Suppl., 8:7; NSAM 2, Table I, § 21].		(1) Moon and Nabu (= Mercury); DIŠ 30 ''ina'' UD.1.KAM<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' IGI.LA<sub>2</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> SI-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> 2,30 GAM-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>''Na-bu-u''<sub>2</sub> (var.: ''Ne''<sub>2</sub>-''bu-u''<sub>2</sub>): <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' A<sub>2</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''az'' [MU.3.KAM<sub>2</sub>] KUR.[MAR].TU KUR<sub>2</sub> KU<sub>2</sub> "If the Moon (is observed) at its appearance on the 1st day (of the month and) its left horn is beveled by Mercury, var: Venus stands on its side: [within 3 years] the enemy will devour the country of [Amu]r" [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":2" />, 8:7; NSAM 2<ref name=":3" />, Table I, § 21].

	2) Observation of Nabu as Mercury (?); [ina] <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A ''ne''<sub>2</sub>-˹''ta''˺-''ma''[''r''] / [''is-s'']''u-ri a-na'' LUGAL EN-[''ia''] / [''i-š'']''ap-pa-ru-u''<sub>2</sub>-''n''[''i''] / [''ma-a p'']''a-ni-u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>P[A] / [''ma-a ur'']-''ki-u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>[xx] "We have observed ... in the] west. [Mi]ght [th]ey write to the king, [my] lord: '[The] first (was) Na[bu], [the] last god [xx]'" [LABS, 64:2-6]; this letter probably refers to Nabu as Mercury [Brown 2000, 56].		2) Observation of Nabu as Mercury (?); [ina] <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A ''ne''<sub>2</sub>-˹''ta''˺-''ma''[''r''] / [''is-s'']''u-ri a-na'' LUGAL EN-[''ia''] / [''i-š'']''ap-pa-ru-u''<sub>2</sub>-''n''[''i''] / [''ma-a p'']''a-ni-u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>P[A] / [''ma-a ur'']-''ki-u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>[xx] "We have observed ... in the] west. [Mi]ght [th]ey write to the king, [my] lord: '[The] first (was) Na[bu], [the] last god [xx]'" [LABS<ref name=":4" />, 64:2-6]; this letter probably refers to Nabu as Mercury [Brown 2000<ref name=":1" />, 56].

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==

Sushoff at 16:18, 19 August 2025

2025-08-19T16:18:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 19 August 2025
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	<sup>mul / d</sup>''Nabû'' (𒀯𒈾𒁉𒁾) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.		<sup>mul / d</sup>''Nabû'' (𒀯𒈾𒁉𒁾) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

	==~~Dictionary~~==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==

	=== Krebernik (2023) ===		=== Krebernik (2023) ===

InitTeam at 09:35, 8 June 2025

2025-06-08T09:35:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:35, 8 June 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Nabû''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Nabû''}}
	<sup>mul / d</sup>''Nabû'' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.		<sup>mul / d</sup>''Nabû'' (𒀯𒈾𒁉𒁾) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

	==Dictionary==		==Dictionary==