Neichu and Jiu - Revision history

ASEtech at 19:29, 19 August 2026

2026-08-19T19:29:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:29, 19 August 2026
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	[[File:Stone pestle and mortar from the Huanglianshu site, Xichuan, Henan.jpg\|thumb\|Stone pestle and mortar from the Huanglianshu site, Xichuan, Henan]]		[[File:Stone pestle and mortar from the Huanglianshu site, Xichuan, Henan.jpg\|thumb\|Stone pestle and mortar from the Huanglianshu site, Xichuan, Henan]]

	[[Jiu]] and [[Neichu]] are also modern star names, adopted bei the IAU-Working Group on Star Names in August 2026 for the determinative stars of the two ancient constellations.		[[Jiu]] and [[Neichu]] are also modern star names, adopted bei the IAU-Working Group on Star Names in August 2026 for the determinative stars of the two ancient constellations. This article only describes the ancient super-constellation, whilst the star names have separate pages.

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==

ASEtech at 19:28, 19 August 2026

2026-08-19T19:28:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:28, 19 August 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE: Neichu (內杵) and Jiu (臼)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: Neichu (內杵) and Jiu (臼)}}

	{{distinguish\|Neichu\|Jiu}}		{{distinguish\|Neichu\|Jiu}}

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	[[File:Stone pestle from the Zengpiyan site, Guilin, Guangxi.jpg\|thumb\|'''Stone pestle from the Zengpiyan site, Guilin, Guangxi''']]		[[File:Stone pestle from the Zengpiyan site, Guilin, Guangxi.jpg\|thumb\|'''Stone pestle from the Zengpiyan site, Guilin, Guangxi''']]
	[[File:Stone pestle and mortar from the Huanglianshu site, Xichuan, Henan.jpg\|thumb\|Stone pestle and mortar from the Huanglianshu site, Xichuan, Henan]]		[[File:Stone pestle and mortar from the Huanglianshu site, Xichuan, Henan.jpg\|thumb\|Stone pestle and mortar from the Huanglianshu site, Xichuan, Henan]]

			[[Jiu]] and [[Neichu]] are also modern star names, adopted bei the IAU-Working Group on Star Names in August 2026 for the determinative stars of the two ancient constellations.

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==

ASEtech at 19:26, 19 August 2026

2026-08-19T19:26:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:26, 19 August 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE: Neichu (內杵) and Jiu (臼)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: Neichu (內杵) and Jiu (臼)}}

	{{distinguish\|}}		{{distinguish\|Neichu\|Jiu}}

	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}

Sushoff: Sushoff moved page Neichu to Neichu and Jiu

2026-08-13T14:57:50Z

Sushoff moved page Neichu to Neichu (內杵) and Jiu (臼)

← Older revision	Revision as of 14:57, 13 August 2026
(No difference)

Sushoff at 07:53, 13 August 2026

2026-08-13T07:53:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:53, 13 August 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----Nèichǔ (Inner Pestle, 內杵) is a three-star Chinese asterism and Jiù (Mortar, 臼) is a four star Chinse asterism. They belong to the Gan school, represented in black in the three-school tradition. Under modern IAU boundaries, their members fall in Pegasus and Lacerta.		----Nèichǔ (Inner Pestle, 內杵) is a three-star Chinese asterism and Jiù (Mortar, 臼) is a four star Chinse asterism. They belong to the Gan school, represented in black in the three-school tradition. Under modern IAU boundaries, their members fall in [[Pegasus]] and [[Lacerta]].

	[[File:Stone pestle from the Zengpiyan site, Guilin, Guangxi.jpg\|thumb\|'''Stone pestle from the Zengpiyan site, Guilin, Guangxi''']]		[[File:Stone pestle from the Zengpiyan site, Guilin, Guangxi.jpg\|thumb\|'''Stone pestle from the Zengpiyan site, Guilin, Guangxi''']]

Boshunyang at 11:44, 3 August 2026

2026-08-03T11:44:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:44, 3 August 2026
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	The prefix '''nei''' (Inner内) does not indicate that the implement was kept indoors. Rather, it served as a distinguishing element within the nomenclature of Chinese asterisms. Yang Boshun has argued that the Gan school deliberately coined some of its asterism names with reference to names already used in the Shi-school system. Since the Shi school already had an asterism called '''Chu''' 杵, the Gan school designated another one as '''Neichu''' (Inner Pestle內杵), “Inner Pestle.” Comparable pairs include '''Tianjie (Celestial Steps天階''')'''–Neijie (Inner Steps'''內階) and '''Ping (Screen'''屏)'''–Waiping''' ('''Outter'''外屏).<ref>B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023), 129.</ref> The name Neichu therefore served primarily to distinguish this asterism from another Chu belonging to the Shi-school tradition and located south of the lunar lodge Ji 箕.		The prefix '''nei''' (Inner内) does not indicate that the implement was kept indoors. Rather, it served as a distinguishing element within the nomenclature of Chinese asterisms. Yang Boshun has argued that the Gan school deliberately coined some of its asterism names with reference to names already used in the Shi-school system. Since the Shi school already had an asterism called '''Chu''' 杵, the Gan school designated another one as '''Neichu''' (Inner Pestle內杵), “Inner Pestle.” Comparable pairs include '''Tianjie (Celestial Steps天階''')'''–Neijie (Inner Steps'''內階) and '''Ping (Screen'''屏)'''–Waiping''' ('''Outter'''外屏).<ref>B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023), 129.</ref> The name Neichu therefore served primarily to distinguish this asterism from another Chu belonging to the Shi-school tradition and located south of the lunar lodge Ji 箕.

	Sun Xiaochun and Jacob Kistemaker treated Neichu, '''Jiu''' 臼, and the '''Tianchu''' 天廚 as a coherent group ~~(super-constellation)~~ within the same ~~sector~~ of the sky. They connected these asterisms with the ancestral-temple imagery associated with the neighboring lodges Shi 室 and Bi 壁, interpreting them as cooking and food-processing facilities used to prepare special offerings for ancestral rites.<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. The Chinese sky during the Han. Leiden: Brill. 1997, p169.</ref> This interpretation emphasizes the idea of a ritual kitchen. Other sources, however, including the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', the ''Xingjing'', and the astronomical treatise of the ''History of the Song'', preserve prognostications concerning the “annual harvest” and “military provisions.” In this context, the pestle and mortar symbolized the harvesting, storage, and processing of grain, especially supplies intended for the army. Although these interpretations may derive from different intellectual and astrological contexts, they share the same central semantic field: the harvesting, storage, and processing of food grains.		Sun Xiaochun and Jacob Kistemaker treated Neichu, '''Jiu''' 臼, and the '''Tianchu''' 天廚 as a coherent group within the same RA range of the sky. They connected these asterisms with the ancestral-temple imagery associated with the neighboring lodges Shi 室 and Bi 壁, interpreting them as cooking and food-processing facilities used to prepare special offerings for ancestral rites.<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. The Chinese sky during the Han. Leiden: Brill. 1997, p169.</ref> This interpretation emphasizes the idea of a ritual kitchen. Other sources, however, including the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', the ''Xingjing'', and the astronomical treatise of the ''History of the Song'', preserve prognostications concerning the “annual harvest” and “military provisions.” In this context, the pestle and mortar symbolized the harvesting, storage, and processing of grain, especially supplies intended for the army. Although these interpretations may derive from different intellectual and astrological contexts, they share the same central semantic field: the harvesting, storage, and processing of food grains.

	=== Identification of stars ===		=== Identification of stars ===

Sushoff at 08:32, 3 August 2026

2026-08-03T08:32:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:32, 3 August 2026
Line 14:		Line 14:
	The prefix '''nei''' (Inner内) does not indicate that the implement was kept indoors. Rather, it served as a distinguishing element within the nomenclature of Chinese asterisms. Yang Boshun has argued that the Gan school deliberately coined some of its asterism names with reference to names already used in the Shi-school system. Since the Shi school already had an asterism called '''Chu''' 杵, the Gan school designated another one as '''Neichu''' (Inner Pestle內杵), “Inner Pestle.” Comparable pairs include '''Tianjie (Celestial Steps天階''')'''–Neijie (Inner Steps'''內階) and '''Ping (Screen'''屏)'''–Waiping''' ('''Outter'''外屏).<ref>B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023), 129.</ref> The name Neichu therefore served primarily to distinguish this asterism from another Chu belonging to the Shi-school tradition and located south of the lunar lodge Ji 箕.		The prefix '''nei''' (Inner内) does not indicate that the implement was kept indoors. Rather, it served as a distinguishing element within the nomenclature of Chinese asterisms. Yang Boshun has argued that the Gan school deliberately coined some of its asterism names with reference to names already used in the Shi-school system. Since the Shi school already had an asterism called '''Chu''' 杵, the Gan school designated another one as '''Neichu''' (Inner Pestle內杵), “Inner Pestle.” Comparable pairs include '''Tianjie (Celestial Steps天階''')'''–Neijie (Inner Steps'''內階) and '''Ping (Screen'''屏)'''–Waiping''' ('''Outter'''外屏).<ref>B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023), 129.</ref> The name Neichu therefore served primarily to distinguish this asterism from another Chu belonging to the Shi-school tradition and located south of the lunar lodge Ji 箕.

	Sun Xiaochun and Jacob Kistemaker treated Neichu, '''Jiu''' 臼, and the '''Tianchu''' 天廚 as a coherent group within the same sector of the sky. They connected these asterisms with the ancestral-temple imagery associated with the neighboring lodges Shi 室 and Bi 壁, interpreting them as cooking and food-processing facilities used to prepare special offerings for ancestral rites.<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. The Chinese sky during the Han. Leiden: Brill. 1997, p169.</ref> This interpretation emphasizes the idea of a ritual kitchen. Other sources, however, including the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', the ''Xingjing'', and the astronomical treatise of the ''History of the Song'', preserve prognostications concerning the “annual harvest” and “military provisions.” In this context, the pestle and mortar symbolized the harvesting, storage, and processing of grain, especially supplies intended for the army. Although these interpretations may derive from different intellectual and astrological contexts, they share the same central semantic field: the harvesting, storage, and processing of food grains.		Sun Xiaochun and Jacob Kistemaker treated Neichu, '''Jiu''' 臼, and the '''Tianchu''' 天廚 as a coherent group (super-constellation) within the same sector of the sky. They connected these asterisms with the ancestral-temple imagery associated with the neighboring lodges Shi 室 and Bi 壁, interpreting them as cooking and food-processing facilities used to prepare special offerings for ancestral rites.<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. The Chinese sky during the Han. Leiden: Brill. 1997, p169.</ref> This interpretation emphasizes the idea of a ritual kitchen. Other sources, however, including the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', the ''Xingjing'', and the astronomical treatise of the ''History of the Song'', preserve prognostications concerning the “annual harvest” and “military provisions.” In this context, the pestle and mortar symbolized the harvesting, storage, and processing of grain, especially supplies intended for the army. Although these interpretations may derive from different intellectual and astrological contexts, they share the same central semantic field: the harvesting, storage, and processing of food grains.

	=== Identification of stars ===		=== Identification of stars ===

Boshunyang at 05:08, 29 July 2026

2026-07-29T05:08:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:08, 29 July 2026
Line 10:		Line 10:

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
	A '''chu''' (Pestle杵) was a rod-shaped implement used for pounding grain, normally in combination with a mortar (''jiu'' 臼). Together, the pestle and mortar formed one of the most basic devices for processing foodstuffs. They could be used to dehusk grain, pound rice, produce flour, and prepare ritual food; implements of similar form were also employed for grinding medicinal ingredients or working other materials. The ''Xici'' commentary of the ''Book of Changes'' states: “…cut wood to make pestles and dug the earth to make mortars; through the benefit of mortar and pestle, the myriad people were sustained斷木為杵，掘地為臼；臼杵之利，萬民以濟.” Early mortars could be made by hollowing depressions directly into the ground or into blocks of stone, while pestles were fashioned from short pieces of wood or elongated stones. Archaeological evidence indicates that the invention of the pestle and mortar reaches far back into prehistory. Stone pestles have been excavated at both the Baozitou site in Nanning and the Zengpiyan site in Guilin, which date to approximately 10,000–9,000 years ago.		A '''chu''' (Pestle杵) was a rod-shaped implement used for pounding grain, normally in combination with a mortar (''jiu'' 臼). Together, the pestle and mortar formed one of the most basic devices for processing foodstuffs. They could be used to dehusk grain, pound rice, produce flour, and prepare ritual food; implements of similar form were also employed for grinding medicinal ingredients or working other materials. The ''Xici'' commentary of the ''Book of Changes'' states: “…cut wood to make pestles and dug the earth to make mortars; through the benefit of mortar and pestle, the myriad people were sustained斷木為杵，掘地為臼；臼杵之利，萬民以濟.” Early mortars could be made by hollowing depressions directly into the ground or into blocks of stone, while pestles were fashioned from short pieces of wood or elongated stones. Archaeological evidence indicates that the invention of the pestle and mortar reaches far back into prehistory. Stone pestles have been excavated at both the Baozitou site in Nanning and the Zengpiyan site in Guilin, which date to approximately 10,000–9,000 years ago.<ref>G.-M. Yao 姚淦铭, Xianqin Yinshi Wenhua Yanjiu 先秦饮食文化研究 (A Study of Food Culture in Pre-Qin China), vol. 1 (Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House, 2005), 59.</ref>

	The prefix '''nei''' (Inner内) does not indicate that the implement was kept indoors. Rather, it served as a distinguishing element within the nomenclature of Chinese asterisms. Yang Boshun has argued that the Gan school deliberately coined some of its asterism names with reference to names already used in the Shi-school system. Since the Shi school already had an asterism called '''Chu''' 杵, the Gan school designated another one as '''Neichu''' (Inner Pestle內杵), “Inner Pestle.” Comparable pairs include '''Tianjie (Celestial Steps天階''')'''–Neijie (Inner Steps'''內階) and '''Ping (Screen'''屏)'''–Waiping''' ('''Outter'''外屏). The name Neichu therefore served primarily to distinguish this asterism from another Chu belonging to the Shi-school tradition and located south of the lunar lodge Ji 箕.		The prefix '''nei''' (Inner内) does not indicate that the implement was kept indoors. Rather, it served as a distinguishing element within the nomenclature of Chinese asterisms. Yang Boshun has argued that the Gan school deliberately coined some of its asterism names with reference to names already used in the Shi-school system. Since the Shi school already had an asterism called '''Chu''' 杵, the Gan school designated another one as '''Neichu''' (Inner Pestle內杵), “Inner Pestle.” Comparable pairs include '''Tianjie (Celestial Steps天階''')'''–Neijie (Inner Steps'''內階) and '''Ping (Screen'''屏)'''–Waiping''' ('''Outter'''外屏).<ref>B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023), 129.</ref> The name Neichu therefore served primarily to distinguish this asterism from another Chu belonging to the Shi-school tradition and located south of the lunar lodge Ji 箕.

	Sun Xiaochun and Jacob Kistemaker treated Neichu, '''Jiu''' 臼, and the '''Tianchu''' 天廚 as a coherent group within the same sector of the sky. They connected these asterisms with the ancestral-temple imagery associated with the neighboring lodges Shi 室 and Bi 壁, interpreting them as cooking and food-processing facilities used to prepare special offerings for ancestral rites. This interpretation emphasizes the idea of a ritual kitchen. Other sources, however, including the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', the ''Xingjing'', and the astronomical treatise of the ''History of the Song'', preserve prognostications concerning the “annual harvest” and “military provisions.” In this context, the pestle and mortar symbolized the harvesting, storage, and processing of grain, especially supplies intended for the army. Although these interpretations may derive from different intellectual and astrological contexts, they share the same central semantic field: the harvesting, storage, and processing of food grains.		Sun Xiaochun and Jacob Kistemaker treated Neichu, '''Jiu''' 臼, and the '''Tianchu''' 天廚 as a coherent group within the same sector of the sky. They connected these asterisms with the ancestral-temple imagery associated with the neighboring lodges Shi 室 and Bi 壁, interpreting them as cooking and food-processing facilities used to prepare special offerings for ancestral rites.<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. The Chinese sky during the Han. Leiden: Brill. 1997, p169.</ref> This interpretation emphasizes the idea of a ritual kitchen. Other sources, however, including the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', the ''Xingjing'', and the astronomical treatise of the ''History of the Song'', preserve prognostications concerning the “annual harvest” and “military provisions.” In this context, the pestle and mortar symbolized the harvesting, storage, and processing of grain, especially supplies intended for the army. Although these interpretations may derive from different intellectual and astrological contexts, they share the same central semantic field: the harvesting, storage, and processing of food grains.

	=== Identification of stars ===		=== Identification of stars ===

Boshunyang: /* IAU Working Group on Star Names */

2026-07-29T02:18:12Z

IAU Working Group on Star Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:18, 29 July 2026
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	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Neichu" was suggested to be used for pi<sup>2</sup> Peg in this constellation, because ~~it was~~ regarded as the determinative ~~star of it~~.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Neichu" was suggested to be used for pi<sup>2</sup> Peg in this constellation, and "Jiu" was suggested to be used for iota Peg, because they were regarded as the determinative stars and have a close cultural connection.

	Decision: ...		Decision: ...

Boshunyang at 02:14, 29 July 2026

2026-07-29T02:14:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:14, 29 July 2026
Line 10:		Line 10:

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
	A '''chu''' (Pestle杵) was a rod-shaped implement used for pounding grain, normally in combination with a mortar (''jiu'' 臼). Together, the pestle and mortar formed one of the most basic devices for processing foodstuffs. They could be used to dehusk grain, pound rice, produce flour, and prepare ritual food; implements of similar form were also employed for grinding medicinal ingredients or working other materials. The ''Xici II'' commentary of the ''Book of Changes'' states: “…cut wood to make pestles and dug the earth to make mortars; through the benefit of mortar and pestle, the myriad people were sustained斷木為杵，掘地為臼；臼杵之利，萬民以濟.” Early mortars could be made by hollowing depressions directly into the ground or into blocks of stone, while pestles were fashioned from short pieces of wood or elongated stones. Archaeological evidence indicates that the invention of the pestle and mortar reaches far back into prehistory. Stone pestles have been excavated at both the Baozitou site in Nanning and the Zengpiyan site in Guilin, which date to approximately 10,000–9,000 years ago.		A '''chu''' (Pestle杵) was a rod-shaped implement used for pounding grain, normally in combination with a mortar (''jiu'' 臼). Together, the pestle and mortar formed one of the most basic devices for processing foodstuffs. They could be used to dehusk grain, pound rice, produce flour, and prepare ritual food; implements of similar form were also employed for grinding medicinal ingredients or working other materials. The ''Xici'' commentary of the ''Book of Changes'' states: “…cut wood to make pestles and dug the earth to make mortars; through the benefit of mortar and pestle, the myriad people were sustained斷木為杵，掘地為臼；臼杵之利，萬民以濟.” Early mortars could be made by hollowing depressions directly into the ground or into blocks of stone, while pestles were fashioned from short pieces of wood or elongated stones. Archaeological evidence indicates that the invention of the pestle and mortar reaches far back into prehistory. Stone pestles have been excavated at both the Baozitou site in Nanning and the Zengpiyan site in Guilin, which date to approximately 10,000–9,000 years ago.

	The prefix '''nei''' (Inner内) does not indicate that the implement was kept indoors. Rather, it served as a distinguishing element within the nomenclature of Chinese asterisms. Yang Boshun has argued that the Gan school deliberately coined some of its asterism names with reference to names already used in the Shi-school system. Since the Shi school already had an asterism called '''Chu''' 杵, the Gan school designated another one as '''Neichu''' (Inner Pestle內杵), “Inner Pestle.” Comparable pairs include '''Tianjie (Celestial Steps天階''')'''–Neijie (Inner Steps'''內階) and '''Ping (Screen'''屏)'''–Waiping''' ('''Outter'''外屏). The name Neichu therefore served primarily to distinguish this asterism from another Chu belonging to the Shi-school tradition and located south of the lunar lodge Ji 箕.		The prefix '''nei''' (Inner内) does not indicate that the implement was kept indoors. Rather, it served as a distinguishing element within the nomenclature of Chinese asterisms. Yang Boshun has argued that the Gan school deliberately coined some of its asterism names with reference to names already used in the Shi-school system. Since the Shi school already had an asterism called '''Chu''' 杵, the Gan school designated another one as '''Neichu''' (Inner Pestle內杵), “Inner Pestle.” Comparable pairs include '''Tianjie (Celestial Steps天階''')'''–Neijie (Inner Steps'''內階) and '''Ping (Screen'''屏)'''–Waiping''' ('''Outter'''外屏). The name Neichu therefore served primarily to distinguish this asterism from another Chu belonging to the Shi-school tradition and located south of the lunar lodge Ji 箕.

	Sun Xiaochun and Jacob Kistemaker treated Neichu, '''Jiu''' 臼, and the ~~nearby~~ '''Tianchu''' 天廚 as a coherent group within the same sector of the sky. They connected these asterisms with the ancestral-temple imagery associated with the neighboring lodges Shi 室 and Bi 壁, interpreting them as cooking and food-processing facilities used to prepare special offerings for ancestral rites. This interpretation emphasizes the idea of a ritual kitchen. Other sources, however, including the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', the ''Xingjing'', and the astronomical treatise of the ''History of the Song'', preserve prognostications concerning the “annual harvest” and “military provisions.” In this context, the pestle and mortar symbolized the harvesting, storage, and processing of grain, especially supplies intended for the army. Although these interpretations may derive from different intellectual and astrological contexts, they share the same central semantic field: the harvesting, storage, and processing of food grains.		Sun Xiaochun and Jacob Kistemaker treated Neichu, '''Jiu''' 臼, and the '''Tianchu''' 天廚 as a coherent group within the same sector of the sky. They connected these asterisms with the ancestral-temple imagery associated with the neighboring lodges Shi 室 and Bi 壁, interpreting them as cooking and food-processing facilities used to prepare special offerings for ancestral rites. This interpretation emphasizes the idea of a ritual kitchen. Other sources, however, including the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing'', the ''Xingjing'', and the astronomical treatise of the ''History of the Song'', preserve prognostications concerning the “annual harvest” and “military provisions.” In this context, the pestle and mortar symbolized the harvesting, storage, and processing of grain, especially supplies intended for the army. Although these interpretations may derive from different intellectual and astrological contexts, they share the same central semantic field: the harvesting, storage, and processing of food grains.

	=== Identification of stars ===		=== Identification of stars ===
	Before the transmission of European astronomy to China, the identification of the three stars of '''Neichu and Jiu''' remained generally stable. During the astronomical reforms of the late Ming period, however, the whole asterism Neichu and one star of Jiu appears to have been omitted, possibly because its constituent stars were difficult to identify. When Jesuit astronomers compiled new star catalogues in the Qing dynasty, they attempted to restore the traditional Chinese asterism system; nevertheless, their identification of the stars of Neichu differed from that followed before the late Ming reforms.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!		!
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	=== Maps (Gallery) ===		=== Maps (Gallery) ===
			Before the transmission of European astronomy to China, the identification of the three stars of Neichu and Jiu remained generally stable. During the astronomical reforms of the late Ming period, however, both have been partially omitted due to the incompleteness of the European star charts used for the comparison with Chinese stars (only 1 star remains in the pestle, and 3 stars remain in the mortar). When Jesuit astronomers compiled new star catalogues in the Qing dynasty, they attempted to restore the traditional Chinese asterism system; nevertheless, their identification of the stars of Neichu differed from that followed before the late Ming reforms.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+Neichu and Jiu		\|+Neichu and Jiu
	!historical map		!historical map
	!modern identification		!modern identification
	~~(Yang 2023)~~		!same in Stellarium
	!same in Stellarium ~~24.4~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[File:~~Kulou on the~~ Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido ~~Star Chart~~.jpg~~\|alt=historical image of Kulou (Korea)~~\|thumb\|~~Kulou on the~~ Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido ~~Star Chart~~]]		\|[[File:Neichu and Jiu in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido.jpg\|thumb\|Neichu and Jiu in ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'']]
			\|[[File:Neichu and Jiu in traditional form reconstructed by Boshun Yang.jpg\|thumb\|'''Neichu and Jiu in traditional form reconstructed by Boshun Yang''']]
			\|[[File:Neichu and Jiu in Stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Neichu and Jiu in traditional form in Stellarium]]
			\|-
			\|[[File:Neichu and Jiu in star maps of 17th century.jpg\|thumb\|Neichu and Jiu in star maps of 17th century]]
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
			\|-
			\|[[File:Neichu and Jiu in Yixiang kaocheng star map of 18th century.jpg\|thumb\|Neichu and Jiu in ''Yixiang kaocheng'' star map of 18th century]]
			\|[[File:Neichu and Jiu after 18th century reconstructed by Yi Shitong.jpg\|thumb\|Neichu and Jiu after 18th century reconstructed by Yi Shitong]]
			\|[[File:Neichu and Jiu after 18th century in Stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Neichu and Jiu after 18th century in Stellarium]]
	\|}		\|}


	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In ~~202x~~, the name of the historical constellation "~~xxx~~" was suggested to be used for ~~one of the stars~~ in this constellation~~. ..~~.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Neichu" was suggested to be used for pi<sup>2</sup> Peg in this constellation, because it was regarded as the determinative star of it.

	Decision: ...		Decision: ...