PA.BIL.SAG - Revision history

Sushoff at 11:52, 16 August 2026

2026-08-16T11:52:08Z

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	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia</ref>==
	Var. readings:		'''Var. readings:'''
	* <sup>mul d</sup>PA.BIL<sub>2</sub>.SAG,		* <sup>mul d</sup>PA.BIL<sub>2</sub>.SAG,
	* <sup>ul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG.GA<sub>2</sub>,		* <sup>ul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG.GA<sub>2</sub>,

Sushoff at 11:51, 16 August 2026

2026-08-16T11:51:24Z

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			{{distinguish\|Pabilsang}}
	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----

Sushoff at 11:14, 16 August 2026

2026-08-16T11:14:07Z

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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Dalbanna-text.'''		\|'''Dalbanna-text.'''
	* §r. <sup>mul</sup>''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag "the sting of Pabilsag" (α CrA), see (Kurtik a02) [[A2.mušen\|A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup>]].		* §r.
	* §t. <sup>˹mul˺</sup>''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag "the sting of Pabilsag" (α CrA), see (Kurtik g32) [[GU4.ALIM\|GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM]].		** <sup>mul</sup>''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag
			** "the sting of Pabilsag" (α CrA), see (Kurtik a02) [[A2.mušen\|A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup>]].
			* §t.
			** <sup>˹mul˺</sup>''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag
			** "the sting of Pabilsag" (α CrA), see (Kurtik g32) [[GU4.ALIM\|GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM]].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff at 11:12, 16 August 2026

2026-08-16T11:12:45Z

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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''GU-text.'''		\|'''GU-text.'''
	* (Q) ''šu šumēli''(2,30) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' ugu ban "the left hand of Pabilsag, which is on the bow" (δ Sag) [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref name=":8">''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:27-28]; see (Kurtik m01) [[MA2.GUR8\|MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub>]].		* (Q)
	* (R) mul ''tak-ša''<sub>2</sub>-''a-tu''<sub>2</sub> kimin ''kin-ṣi'' <sup>mul</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> / [''u''<sup>?</sup> ''šu''<sup>?</sup> ''imittu''(15)<sup>?</sup> <sup>mul</sup>pa.bi]l<sub>2</sub>. sag ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' ugu mul-mul gu "The star (of) Trinity (ziqpu V: δ Her) or the knee of Zababa (η Ser), [and the right hand of Pabi]lsag, which is on the arrow (φ Sag), is a rope" [ibid.<ref name=":8" />, BM 78161:28-29]; according to [Koch 1992<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161 // WO. 1992. Bd. 23. S. 39-67.</ref>, 60], here it should be, respectively: α Her, ξ Ser, SgrX.		** ''šu šumēli''(2,30) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' ugu ban
	* (S) <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag ˹''ša''<sub>2</sub>˺ ''ina'' ugu ma<sub>2</sub>.˹gur<sub>8</sub>˺ "(Star) Pabilsag, which is higher than the Ship" (ι Sag) [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref name=":8" />, BM 78161:30-31], see also (Kurtik u31) [[UZ3\|UZ<sub>3</sub>]].		** "the left hand of Pabilsag, which is on the bow" (δ Sag) [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref name=":8">''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:27-28]; see (Kurtik m01) [[MA2.GUR8\|MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub>]].
			* (R)
			** mul ''tak-ša''<sub>2</sub>-''a-tu''<sub>2</sub> kimin ''kin-ṣi'' <sup>mul</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> / [''u''<sup>?</sup> ''šu''<sup>?</sup> ''imittu''(15)<sup>?</sup> <sup>mul</sup>pa.bi]l<sub>2</sub>. sag ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' ugu mul-mul gu
			** "The star (of) Trinity ([[ziqpu]] V: δ Her) or the knee of Zababa (η Ser), [and the right hand of Pabi]lsag, which is on the arrow (φ Sag), is a rope" [ibid.<ref name=":8" />, BM 78161:28-29]; according to [Koch 1992<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161 // WO. 1992. Bd. 23. S. 39-67.</ref>, 60], here it should be, respectively: α Her, ξ Ser, SgrX.
			* (S)
			** <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag ˹''ša''<sub>2</sub>˺ ''ina'' ugu ma<sub>2</sub>.˹gur<sub>8</sub>˺
			** "(Star) Pabilsag, which is higher than the Ship" (ι Sag) [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref name=":8" />, BM 78161:30-31], see also (Kurtik u31) [[UZ3\|UZ<sub>3</sub>]].
	\|		\|
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Sushoff at 06:56, 13 August 2026

2026-08-13T06:56:35Z

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	\| numberbrightstars = 7		\| numberbrightstars = 7
	\| numbernearbystars =		\| numbernearbystars =
	\| brighteststarname = Kaus Australis		\| brighteststarname = [[Kaus Australis]]
	\| starmagnitude = 1.81		\| starmagnitude = 1.81
	\| neareststarname =		\| neareststarname =

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[2] */

2026-07-15T07:20:21Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[2]

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:20, 15 July 2026
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	\| cat = constellation		\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
			[[File:VR Gula+Pabilsag Screenshot.png\|thumb\|Gula and Pabilsag on a kudurru (Nebuchadnezzar I) in VR 57]]

	<sup>mul / d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (𒀯𒉺𒉈𒊕) <s>ןד</s> is an Ancient Mesopotamian asterism corresponding to areas in [[Sagittarius\|Sagittarius,]] southern [[Ophiuchus]], and perhaps [[Serpens]] [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 358]. It is named after the god Pabilsaĝ whose iconography is a mixed creature with a human torso, a horse body, wings, and a (second) scorpion tail.		<sup>mul / d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (𒀯𒉺𒉈𒊕) <s>ןד</s> is an Ancient Mesopotamian asterism corresponding to areas in [[Sagittarius\|Sagittarius,]] southern [[Ophiuchus]], and perhaps [[Serpens]] [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 358]. It is named after the god Pabilsaĝ whose iconography is a mixed creature with a human torso, a horse body, wings, and a (second) scorpion tail.
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	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Detail, Kudurru of Ritti-Marduk, from Sippar, Iraq, 1125-1104 BCE. British Museum.jpg\|Pabilsag and wife Gula on kudurru of Ritti-Marduk from Sippar, Iraq ~1115 BCE		File:Detail, Kudurru of Ritti-Marduk, from Sippar, Iraq, 1125-1104 BCE. British Museum.jpg\|Pabilsag and wife Gula on kudurru of Ritti-Marduk from Sippar, Iraq ~1115 BCE
			File:VR Gula+Pabilsag Screenshot.png\|Gula and Pabilsag on a kudurru (Nebuchadnezzar I) in VR 57
	File:Plates 0096 W 1882-0522-1800.jpg\|Pabilsag on a kudurru		File:Plates 0096 W 1882-0522-1800.jpg\|Pabilsag on a kudurru
	File:Sgr Pabilsag seal Wallenfels1993.png\|Pabilsag in the zodiac sign Sgr on Mesopotamian seal print, Wallenfels (1993).		File:Sgr Pabilsag seal Wallenfels1993.png\|Pabilsag in the zodiac sign Sgr on Mesopotamian seal print, Wallenfels (1993).

Sushoff: /* Sources and Identification(s) */

2026-07-12T10:06:16Z

Sources and Identification(s)

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	*** and also [SAA 8<ref name=":4">''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 369 r. 1-2];		*** and also [SAA 8<ref name=":4">''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 369 r. 1-2];
	*** ''in-um an-na'' = ''mi-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>''Pa-bil-sag'' [Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 110:312ʹ].		*** ''in-um an-na'' = ''mi-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>''Pa-bil-sag'' [Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 110:312ʹ].
	\| -		\|
			* (1)
			** bright clouds of the Milky Way
			** dto
			* (2)
			** bright clouds of the Milky Way
			** dto.
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."'''		\|'''"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."'''
	* Neo-Assyrian prayer: <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG [Oppenheim 1959<ref>''Oppenheim A.L.'' A New Prayer to the “Gods of the Night” // Analecta biblica. 1959. Vol. 12. P. 282-301.</ref>, 283:15].		* Neo-Assyrian prayer:
			** <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG [Oppenheim 1959<ref>''Oppenheim A.L.'' A New Prayer to the “Gods of the Night” // Analecta biblica. 1959. Vol. 12. P. 282-301.</ref>, 283:15].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	Text Nv. 10 and Related Texts.		Text Nv. 10 and Related Texts.

	* (1) Intercalation scheme: <sup>mul</sup>''Pa-bil-sag'' as star Ea - star AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of Sabbath, see (~~Kurtiku19~~) [[UR.GI7\|UR.GI<sub>7</sub>]].		* (1) Intercalation scheme:
			** <sup>mul</sup>''Pa-bil-sag'' as star Ea - star AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of Sabbath, see (Kurtik u19) [[UR.GI7\|UR.GI<sub>7</sub>]].
	* (2) the star AN.TA.ŠUR.RA in the month of abu [Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref>''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS. 1995. Vol. 47. P. 63-83.</ref>, 66:15, 40; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 55-56], see (Kurtik g06) [[GAM3\|GAM<sub>3</sub>]].		* (2) the star AN.TA.ŠUR.RA in the month of abu [Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref>''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS. 1995. Vol. 47. P. 63-83.</ref>, 66:15, 40; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 55-56], see (Kurtik g06) [[GAM3\|GAM<sub>3</sub>]].
	* (3) CT 33 9 r. 20: List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 11): <sup>mul</sup>˹pa.bil<sub>2</sub>˺.sag [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 105; Horowitz 1998, 176].		* (3) CT 33 9 r. 20: List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 11): <sup>mul</sup>˹pa.bil<sub>2</sub>˺.sag [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 105; Horowitz 1998, 176].
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''MUL.APIN.'''		\|'''MUL.APIN.'''
	* (1) The stars of Ea (no. 13): MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub>-''nu'' GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG "The star that stands behind them (<sup>d</sup>''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ur''<sub>4</sub> and <sup>d</sup>''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''gaz'', the two stars on the sting of the Scorpius): Pabilsag" (I ii 33).		* (1) The stars of Ea (no. 13):
	* (2) Dates of heliacal risings: 'on the 15th day of kislim' (I iii 6), see (Kurtik u06) [[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]].		** MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub>-''nu'' GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG
			** "The star that stands behind them (<sup>d</sup>''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ur''<sub>4</sub> and <sup>d</sup>''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''gaz'', the two stars on the sting of the Scorpius): Pabilsag" (I ii 33).
			* (2) Dates of heliacal risings:
			** 'on the 15th day of kislim' (I iii 6), see (Kurtik u06) [[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]].
	* (3) Simultaneous diurnal risings and settings:		* (3) Simultaneous diurnal risings and settings:
	** a) <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA KUR-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''bi'' 'The Faithful Shepherd of Anu rises, Pabilsag sets' (I iii 16),		** a) <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA KUR-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''bi'' 'The Faithful Shepherd of Anu rises, Pabilsag sets' (I iii 16),

Sushoff: /* Sources and Identification(s) */

2026-07-12T10:01:18Z

Sources and Identification(s)

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	*** and also [SAA 8<ref name=":4">''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 369 r. 1-2];		*** and also [SAA 8<ref name=":4">''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 369 r. 1-2];
	*** ''in-um an-na'' = ''mi-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>''Pa-bil-sag'' [Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 110:312ʹ].		*** ''in-um an-na'' = ''mi-šiḫ'' <sup>d</sup>''Pa-bil-sag'' [Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 110:312ʹ].
	\|~~Example~~		\| -
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."'''		\|'''"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."'''

Sushoff: /* Sources and Identification(s) */

2026-07-12T09:57:43Z

Sources and Identification(s)

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	** b) (I iii 27), see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN\|<sup>giš</sup>BAN]].		** b) (I iii 27), see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN\|<sup>giš</sup>BAN]].
	* (4) Stars "in the path of the moon": <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG, after <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB, before <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> (I iv 35).		* (4) Stars "in the path of the moon": <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG, after <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB, before <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> (I iv 35).
			\|
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			\|For the Ship below this creature see [[MA2.GUR8\|MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub>]]
	\|[[File:Pabilsag stellarium2025.jpg\|thumb\|Pabilsag, Mesopotamian God, in boat. his torso in the Milky Way.]]		\|[[File:Pabilsag stellarium2025.jpg\|thumb\|Pabilsag, Mesopotamian God, in boat. his torso in the Milky Way.]]
			\|}
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Letters" and "Reports."'''		\|'''"Letters" and "Reports."'''

Sushoff at 09:54, 12 July 2026

2026-07-12T09:54:18Z

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	}}		}}

	<sup>mul / d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (𒀯𒉺𒉈𒊕) <s>ןד</s> is an Ancient Mesopotamian asterism corresponding to [[Sagittarius\|Sagittarius,]] [[Ophiuchus]], and perhaps [[Serpens]] [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 358]. The luminous area of the constellation where it crosses the Milky Way is known as the ''[[Mišḫu\|mišhu]]'' of Pabilsag ([[Mišiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG\|Mišiḫ <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG]]). See also [[BURRUM AN.NA]].		<sup>mul / d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (𒀯𒉺𒉈𒊕) <s>ןד</s> is an Ancient Mesopotamian asterism corresponding to areas in [[Sagittarius\|Sagittarius,]] southern [[Ophiuchus]], and perhaps [[Serpens]] [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 358]. It is named after the god Pabilsaĝ whose iconography is a mixed creature with a human torso, a horse body, wings, and a (second) scorpion tail.

			It it is in the "Path of the Moon" and consists of some [[Normal Stars]]. The luminous area of the constellation where it crosses the Milky Way is known as the ''[[Mišḫu\|mišhu]]'' of Pabilsag ([[Mišiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG\|Mišiḫ <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG]]). See also [[BURRUM AN.NA]].

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia</ref>==