PAN - Revision history

Sushoff at 19:09, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T19:09:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:09, 26 March 2026
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	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:BAN+Arrow stellarium.jpeg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellations PAN (Bow) in Arrow Stellarium, painting by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]		[[File:BAN+Arrow stellarium.jpeg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellations PAN (Bow) in Arrow Stellarium, painting by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]

Sushoff at 08:39, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T08:39:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:39, 17 January 2026
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			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
			----
	[[File:BAN+Arrow stellarium.jpeg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellations PAN (Bow) in Arrow Stellarium, painting by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]		[[File:BAN+Arrow stellarium.jpeg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellations PAN (Bow) in Arrow Stellarium, painting by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]
	<sup>mul</sup>PAN (𒀯𒉼) = ''qaštu''. “bow”. Historically read BAN, but a number of syllabic writings of the star name (''pa-an, pa-na)'' confirm the reading PAN in preference to the older reading BAN. The ancient constellation includes stars in classical [[Canis Major]] and [[Puppis]]. Its proximity to the bright star [[Sirius]] in the Sumerian constellation [[KAK.SI.SA2\|kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub>]] (= Akkadian ''šukudu),'' 'the Arrow,' suggesting a super-constellation consisting of a Bow and Arrow illustrated here. For what may be another 'bow' constellation see ''qaštum elamatum'' (below).		<sup>mul</sup>PAN (𒀯𒉼) = ''qaštu''. “bow”. Historically read BAN, but a number of syllabic writings of the star name (''pa-an, pa-na)'' confirm the reading PAN in preference to the older reading BAN. The ancient constellation includes stars in classical [[Canis Major]] and [[Puppis]]. Its proximity to the bright star [[Sirius]] in the Sumerian constellation [[KAK.SI.SA2\|kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub>]] (= Akkadian ''šukudu),'' 'the Arrow,' suggesting a super-constellation consisting of a Bow and Arrow illustrated here. For what may be another 'bow' constellation see ''qaštum elamatum'' (below).

InitTeam at 19:06, 28 December 2025

2025-12-28T19:06:13Z

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InitTeam at 18:57, 28 December 2025

2025-12-28T18:57:20Z

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InitTeam at 18:53, 28 December 2025

2025-12-28T18:53:19Z

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JanSafford at 15:13, 27 December 2025

2025-12-27T15:13:46Z

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WayneHorowitz: qashtum elamatum is most likely a separate asterism which should therefore be listed under Q - see Horowitz 2014 (the Astrolabe book pp. 75)

2025-12-24T13:22:30Z

qashtum elamatum is most likely a separate asterism which should therefore be listed under Q - see Horowitz 2014 (the Astrolabe book pp. 75)

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:22, 24 December 2025
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	[[File:BAN+Arrow stellarium.jpeg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellations PAN (Bow) in Arrow Stellarium, painting by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]		[[File:BAN+Arrow stellarium.jpeg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellations PAN (Bow) in Arrow Stellarium, painting by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]
	<sup>mul</sup>PAN (𒀯𒉼) = ''qaštu''. “bow”. Historically read BAN, but a number of syllabic writings of the star name (''pa-an, pa-na)'' confirm the reading PAN in preference to the older reading BAN. The ancient constellation includes stars in classical [[Canis Major]] and [[Puppis]]. Its proximity to the bright star [[Sirius]] in the Sumerian constellation [[KAK.SI.SA2\|kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub>]] (= Akkadian ''šukudu),'' 'the Arrow,' suggesting a super-constellation consisting of a Bow and Arrow illustrated here. For another 'bow' constellation see ''qaštum elamatum'' (below).		<sup>mul</sup>PAN (𒀯𒉼) = ''qaštu''. “bow”. Historically read BAN, but a number of syllabic writings of the star name (''pa-an, pa-na)'' confirm the reading PAN in preference to the older reading BAN. The ancient constellation includes stars in classical [[Canis Major]] and [[Puppis]]. Its proximity to the bright star [[Sirius]] in the Sumerian constellation [[KAK.SI.SA2\|kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub>]] (= Akkadian ''šukudu),'' 'the Arrow,' suggesting a super-constellation consisting of a Bow and Arrow illustrated here. For what may be another 'bow' constellation see ''qaštum elamatum'' (below).
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	The transliteration BAN or PAN is conventional, but note that the earliest sources give the reading pa-na (e.g., OB Diri Nippur 197, see MSL 15, 18). <sup>mul</sup>PAN (AN 12l).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		The transliteration BAN or PAN is conventional, but note that the earliest sources give the reading pa-na (e.g., OB Diri Nippur 197, see MSL 15, 18). <sup>mul</sup>PAN (AN 12l).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>
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	!		!
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Horowitz 2014, 74-75'''		\|'''Horowitz 2014, 74-75 - ''<u>See there for qashtum elamatum as a separate asterism which should therefore be listed under Q</u>'''''
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff at 13:12, 23 December 2025

2025-12-23T13:12:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:12, 23 December 2025
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	[[File:BAN+Arrow stellarium.jpeg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellations PAN (Bow) in Arrow Stellarium, painting by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]		[[File:BAN+Arrow stellarium.jpeg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellations PAN (Bow) in Arrow Stellarium, painting by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]
	<sup>mul</sup>PAN (𒀯𒉼) = ''qaštu''. “bow”. Historically read BAN, but a number of syllabic writings of the star name (''pa-an, pa-na)'' confirm the reading PAN in preference to the older reading BAN. The ancient constellation includes stars in classical Canis Major and Puppis~~, with its~~ proximity to ~~Canis Major (~~Sumerian kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub> = Akkadian ''šukudu'', 'the Arrow,' suggesting ~~the~~ super-constellation consisting of a Bow and Arrow illustrated here. For another 'bow' constellation see ''qaštum elamatum''.		<sup>mul</sup>PAN (𒀯𒉼) = ''qaštu''. “bow”. Historically read BAN, but a number of syllabic writings of the star name (''pa-an, pa-na)'' confirm the reading PAN in preference to the older reading BAN. The ancient constellation includes stars in classical [[Canis Major]] and [[Puppis]]. Its proximity to the bright star [[Sirius]] in the Sumerian constellation [[KAK.SI.SA2\|kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub>]] (= Akkadian ''šukudu),'' 'the Arrow,' suggesting a super-constellation consisting of a Bow and Arrow illustrated here. For another 'bow' constellation see ''qaštum elamatum'' (below).
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	The transliteration BAN or PAN is conventional, but note that the earliest sources give the reading pa-na (e.g., OB Diri Nippur 197, see MSL 15, 18). <sup>mul</sup>PAN (AN 12l).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		The transliteration BAN or PAN is conventional, but note that the earliest sources give the reading pa-na (e.g., OB Diri Nippur 197, see MSL 15, 18). <sup>mul</sup>PAN (AN 12l).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>

	Var. readings and designations:		Var. readings and designations:
	* <sup>mul (giš)</sup>PAN; = "Bow". [Gössmann 47; CAD Q, 152-3];		* <sup>mul (giš)</sup>PAN;
			* = "Bow". [Gössmann 47; CAD Q, 152-3];
	* <sup>mul d</sup>BAN		* <sup>mul d</sup>BAN
	* ''qaštu (''Akkadian parallel to <sup>mul</sup>BAN/PAN "bow"). Syllabic Akkadian entries in the lexical texts of the Urra XXII tradition, and in the Old Babylonian Prayer to the Gods of the Night.		* ''qaštu (''Akkadian parallel to <sup>mul</sup>BAN/PAN "bow").
			Syllabic Akkadian entries in the lexical texts of the Urra XXII tradition, and in the Old Babylonian Prayer to the Gods of the Night.

	Generally accepted designation:		Generally accepted designation:

Sushoff at 13:08, 19 December 2025

2025-12-19T13:08:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:08, 19 December 2025
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	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== ~~II.~~ Deity. ====		==== Deity. ====
	The Bow constellation as a deity enjoyed great popularity, probably because of its association with the goddess Ishtar, attested in many texts. Her name was often written with the determinative d.		The Bow constellation as a deity enjoyed great popularity, probably because of its association with the goddess Ishtar, attested in many texts. Her name was often written with the determinative d.

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	(6) Wishes for the well-being of the Assyrian king: [<sup>mul</sup>PAN] <sup>d</sup>˹''Iš''˺-[''tar''] ˹NIM˺.[M]A-''tu'' DUMU.MI<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>+EN.LIL<sub>2</sub> ''li-is-pu-un'' KUR<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ-''ka'' / [... ''ina qaq'']''qar tuq-ma-ti'' "[Bow, Ishtar] of Elam, daughter of Enlil, may she destroy your enemies [... at the] battlefield!" [Watanabe 1992, 370, K. 6331 r. 7-8].		(6) Wishes for the well-being of the Assyrian king: [<sup>mul</sup>PAN] <sup>d</sup>˹''Iš''˺-[''tar''] ˹NIM˺.[M]A-''tu'' DUMU.MI<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>+EN.LIL<sub>2</sub> ''li-is-pu-un'' KUR<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ-''ka'' / [... ''ina qaq'']''qar tuq-ma-ti'' "[Bow, Ishtar] of Elam, daughter of Enlil, may she destroy your enemies [... at the] battlefield!" [Watanabe 1992, 370, K. 6331 r. 7-8].

	==== ~~III.~~ Symbol. ====		==== Symbol. ====
	The figure of the constellation <sup>mul</sup>PAN is undoubtedly the image of a bow.		The figure of the constellation <sup>mul</sup>PAN is undoubtedly the image of a bow.

	==== ~~IV.~~ Identification. ====		==== Previous Identification. ====
	= Canis Major without Sirius + Puppis border stars [G. 47];		= Canis Major without Sirius + Puppis border stars [G. 47];

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	= rear of the Great Hound [Horowitz 2014, 247; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 75].		= rear of the Great Hound [Horowitz 2014, 247; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 75].

	==== V. Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====

	===== Identifications: =====		===== Identifications: =====

Sushoff at 16:24, 18 December 2025

2025-12-18T16:24:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 18 December 2025
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	[[File:BAN+Arrow stellarium.jpeg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellations PAN (Bow) in Arrow Stellarium, painting by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]		[[File:BAN+Arrow stellarium.jpeg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|Mesopotamian constellations PAN (Bow) in Arrow Stellarium, painting by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]
	<sup>mul</sup>PAN (𒀯𒉼) = ''qaštu''. “bow”. Historically read BAN, but a number of syllabic writings of the star name (''pa-an, pa-na)'' confirm the reading PAN in preference to the older reading BAN. The ancient constellation includes stars in classical Canis Major and Puppis, with its proximity to Canis Major (Sumerian kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub> = Akkadian ''šukudu'', 'the Arrow,' suggesting the super-constellation consisting of a Bow and Arrow illustrated here. For another 'bow' constellation see ''qaštum elamatum''. ~~'''<nowiki>[[we need to add this entry and see Horowitz Alb 74-75 and maybe cross reference elamatum]]</nowiki>'''~~		<sup>mul</sup>PAN (𒀯𒉼) = ''qaštu''. “bow”. Historically read BAN, but a number of syllabic writings of the star name (''pa-an, pa-na)'' confirm the reading PAN in preference to the older reading BAN. The ancient constellation includes stars in classical Canis Major and Puppis, with its proximity to Canis Major (Sumerian kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub> = Akkadian ''šukudu'', 'the Arrow,' suggesting the super-constellation consisting of a Bow and Arrow illustrated here. For another 'bow' constellation see ''qaštum elamatum''.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	The transliteration BAN or PAN is conventional, but note that the earliest sources give the reading pa-na (e.g., OB Diri Nippur 197, see MSL 15, 18). <sup>mul</sup>PAN (AN 12l).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		The transliteration BAN or PAN is conventional, but note that the earliest sources give the reading pa-na (e.g., OB Diri Nippur 197, see MSL 15, 18). <sup>mul</sup>PAN (AN 12l).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>