Pegasus - Revision history

YoulaAzkarrula at 11:49, 26 May 2026

2026-05-26T11:49:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:49, 26 May 2026
Line 7,831:		Line 7,831:
	[[Category:Almagest]]		[[Category:Almagest]]
	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Modern]]		[[Category:Modern]]
	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] [[Category:Peg]]
	[[Category:European]]		[[Category:European]]

IanRidpath: /* Ptolemy's Almagest */ Another typo

2026-05-20T13:22:03Z

Ptolemy's Almagest: Another typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:22, 20 May 2026
Line 214:		Line 214:
	\|3		\|3
	\|ὁ ἐπὶ τού δεξιού ὤμου καὶ τῆς του ποδος ἐκφύσεως		\|ὁ ἐπὶ τού δεξιού ὤμου καὶ τῆς του ποδος ἐκφύσεως
	\|The star on the right shoulder and the ~~p!ace~~ where the leg joins [it]		\|The star on the right shoulder and the place where the leg joins [it]
	\|β Peg		\|β Peg
	\|-		\|-

IanRidpath: /* Weblinks */ Added Warburg links

2026-05-20T09:07:57Z

Weblinks: Added Warburg links

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:07, 20 May 2026
Line 7,817:		Line 7,817:
	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==

	*		* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017056 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Pegasus]
			* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017530 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Equus]

	==References==		==References==

Sushoff at 11:15, 27 February 2026

2026-02-27T11:15:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:15, 27 February 2026
Line 2:		Line 2:
	----		----
	[[File:Pegasus IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Peg star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]		[[File:Pegasus IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Peg star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
	One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]]. The ancient Greek constellation has always been called The Horse (without wings). However, the mythology associated with it has simultaneously always left Pegasus, the winged horse, as one of several options. Scholars suspect that the constellation has Phoenician origin<ref>Condos, T. (1997), Star Myths ofthe Greeks and Romans: A Sourcebook, Phanes Press, Grand Rapids, page 154.</ref> or originated from a pun or misunderstanding of a Babylonian term in the Mycaenian<ref name=":1" /> culture.		One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]]. The ancient Greek constellation has always been called The Horse (without wings). However, the mythology associated with it has simultaneously always left Pegasus, the winged horse, as one of several options. Scholars suspect that the constellation has Phoenician origin<ref>Condos, T. (1997), Star Myths ofthe Greeks and Romans: A Sourcebook, Phanes Press, Grand Rapids, page 154.</ref> or originated from a pun or misunderstanding of a Babylonian term in the Mycaenian<ref name=":1" /> culture, or influence of any cultural exchange with India due to the [[Ashvini]] nakșatra.<ref>Susanne M. Hoffmann,* Khalid AlAjaji, B.S. Shylaja, Yang Boshun, Danielle Adams, Eric Mamajek, Ian Ridpath, Paul Baki, Juan Antonio Belmonte Avilés, Sze-Leung Cheung, Daniel Cunnama, Jörg Matthias Determann, M. Sadegh Faghanpour, Steven Gullberg, Duane Hamacher, Roland Laffitte, Alejandro M. López, Javier Mejuto, Thierry Montmerle, Clive Ruggles, Shi Yunli, Doris Vickers, Sun Xiaochun, and Hitoshi Yamaoka (2025). The IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN): '''Research Finds in 2025'''. ''Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage'', 28(4), 1026–1038 (2025).</ref>

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==

Sushoff at 19:44, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T19:44:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:44, 26 February 2026
Line 8:		Line 8:

	=== Origin of Constellation ===		=== Origin of Constellation ===
			<ref>Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>In Greek, this constellation is simply called ‘horse,’ and authors disagree about which horse it is and what it is doing in the sky. Aratus states that the hoofprints of this horse created Hippocrene, the horse spring below the eastern peak of Mount Helicon north of Corinth. He thus implies that it could be Pegasus, but Eratosthenes also quotes unnamed ‘other’ authors who do not believe this because the horse in the sky has no wings.

			Euripides, on the other hand, identifies the horse with Hippe, the daughter of the wise centaur Cheiron, who wanted to hide her pregnancy from her father. Even after she was transformed into a horse, she hides her lower body, which is why only the upper body of the horse is visible. Moreover, she is never in the sky at the same time as the centaur because she hides from him.

			For mathematical astronomy, the constellation was always called ‘the horse’; this is beyond question for Eratosthenes, Hipparchus and Ptolemy. For Eratosthenes, it is wingless, Ptolemy records a star below the wing, and for Hipparchus this cannot be determined because his star catalogue has not been preserved. Aratus' didactic poem was part of basic education in ancient times, i.e. it was much better known than the scholarly texts of mathematical astronomy. The memorable hexameters could be useful as farmers' rules, and even though the weather in Central Europe differs from that in the Mediterranean region, some observations about the seasons can also be applied there. The interpretation of the winged horse survived both in the Arab Middle Ages with as-Sufi and in the Latin Middle Ages with the Carolingians – not only because of the popularity of the poem, but also because ancient illustrations still existed at that time, which are no longer preserved today. This is evidenced by manuscripts such as the Leiden Aratea from the Carolingian period and the impressive illustrations by as-Sufi in Iran.

			The Babylonian constellation at this point was the quadrangle, which is called the Autumn Square in the northern hemisphere. The Babylonian quadrangle has the technical name IKU (the field), a unit of area for farmland similar to our hectare. It is also considered the seat of the god Ea, a god of wisdom and magic.

			In this case, too, the Greek constellation, which dates back to archaic times, could be based on the Babylonian model: the Sumerian loanword ‘IKU’ sounds very similar to the word for horse in the Mycenaean dialect of Greek: ‘Iqo’. Coupled with the ambiguity of the obsolete Mesopotamian vocabulary, this may easily have led to a (deliberate or accidental) reinterpretation. It's as if I were to say ‘look, there's a morning’ and mean a piece of land. But because the unit of measurement ‘morning’ is completely obsolete for areas of land, most people would misunderstand me and think of an early hour of the day.

			==== Babylonian ====
			see

			* [[IKU]]

	==== Ancient Greco-Roman ''Ίππος'' Horse ====		==== Ancient Greco-Roman ''Ίππος'' Horse ====

Sushoff: /* Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) */

2026-02-24T07:41:10Z

Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10)

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:41, 24 February 2026
Line 90:		Line 90:
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Aqr 12 1/2
	\|		\|Psc 13
	\|		\|Tau 3 1/2
	\|		\|Gem 10 1/2
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
Line 102:		Line 102:
	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the bright one mouth (eps)
	\|		\|the bright one at the hip (gam)
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|2 2/3 hours = ~~160~~ min = ~~40°~~		\| colspan="4" \|2 1/2 hours = 150 min = 37 1/2°
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Hipparchus */

2026-02-23T15:15:13Z

Hipparchus

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:15, 23 February 2026
Line 56:		Line 56:
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Cap 1
	\|		\|Aqr 21
	\|		\|Lib 20 1/2
	\|		\|Sgr 5 1/2
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
Line 68:		Line 68:
	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|		\|the southern front foot
	\|		\|the bright one at the hip
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|duration		\|duration
	\| colspan="4" \|~~2 1/8~~ hours = ~~127.5~~ min = ~~31 7/8~~ degree		\| colspan="4" \|3 hours = 180 min = 45 degree
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff: /* Hipparchus */

2026-02-22T17:52:28Z

Hipparchus

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:52, 22 February 2026
Line 40:		Line 40:

	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

			====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======
			<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			! colspan="2" \|east
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 1/8 hours = 127.5 min = 31 7/8 degree
			\|}

			====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!
			! colspan="2" \|west
			! colspan="2" \|south
			\|-
			!
			!lam1
			!lam2
			!lam1
			!lam2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|star
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|duration
			\| colspan="4" \|2 2/3 hours = 160 min = 40°
			\|}

			====== Stars Mentioned ======
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!
			!Greek
			!German
			!English
			!ident.
			!src
			!
			!lam_culm
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, first
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap V §10
			\|rising, east, last
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §2
			\|setting CrB, south, last
			\|Psc 13.5
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib II Cap VI §13
			\|setting Aql, south, first
			\|Ari 2
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Lib III Cap I §9
			\|rising Ori, south, last
			\|Psc 13
			\|}

	===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====		===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====

YoulaAzkarrula: /* Ptolemy's Almagest */

2026-02-06T10:34:10Z

Ptolemy's Almagest

Show changes

Sushoff at 13:30, 20 January 2026

2026-01-20T13:30:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:30, 20 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
			Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:Pegasus IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Peg star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]		[[File:Pegasus IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Peg star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
	One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]]. The ancient Greek constellation has always been called The Horse (without wings). However, the mythology associated with it has simultaneously always left Pegasus, the winged horse, as one of several options. Scholars suspect that the constellation has Phoenician origin<ref>Condos, T. (1997), Star Myths ofthe Greeks and Romans: A Sourcebook, Phanes Press, Grand Rapids, page 154.</ref> or originated from a pun or misunderstanding of a Babylonian term in the Mycaenian<ref name=":1" /> culture.		One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]]. The ancient Greek constellation has always been called The Horse (without wings). However, the mythology associated with it has simultaneously always left Pegasus, the winged horse, as one of several options. Scholars suspect that the constellation has Phoenician origin<ref>Condos, T. (1997), Star Myths ofthe Greeks and Romans: A Sourcebook, Phanes Press, Grand Rapids, page 154.</ref> or originated from a pun or misunderstanding of a Babylonian term in the Mycaenian<ref name=":1" /> culture.