Pleiades - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-24T12:16:29Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:16, 24 August 2026
Line 32:		Line 32:


	Var 1 (after Perseus: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1">Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 72)<blockquote>It is located on what is known as the break in the bull's spine. It consists of a cluster of seven stars, which are said to be the daughters of Atlas, which is why it is also called ‘Heptaster’ (The Seven Stars). However, we cannot see seven, but only six, and this is roughly how it is explained: it is said that six of them united with gods, and one with a mortal. Three united with Zeus: '''Electra''', who gave birth to Dardanos, '''Maia''', who gave birth to Hermes, and '''Taygetes''', who gave birth to Lacedaemon; two were united with Poseidon: '''Alcyone''', who gave birth to Hyrie, and '''Kelaeno''', who gave birth to Lycos; as for '''Sterope''', it is said that she was united with Ares, and from her was born Oinomaos. But '''Merope''' united herself with a mortal, Sisyphus, and for this reason she is completely invisible. They enjoy great popularity among men because they give indications of the change of season. </blockquote>Pamias and Zucker add the ~~line~~ in paratheses: "[According to Hipparchus, they are admirably arranged and form a triangular figure]", which is impossible to stem from Eratosthenes because Hipparchus lived a century later.		Var 1 (after Perseus: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1">Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 72)<blockquote>It is located on what is known as the break in the bull's spine. It consists of a cluster of seven stars, which are said to be the daughters of Atlas, which is why it is also called ‘Heptaster’ (The Seven Stars). However, we cannot see seven, but only six, and this is roughly how it is explained: it is said that six of them united with gods, and one with a mortal. Three united with Zeus: '''Electra''', who gave birth to Dardanos, '''Maia''', who gave birth to Hermes, and '''Taygetes''', who gave birth to Lacedaemon; two were united with Poseidon: '''Alcyone''', who gave birth to Hyrie, and '''Kelaeno''', who gave birth to Lycos; as for '''Sterope''', it is said that she was united with Ares, and from her was born Oinomaos. But '''Merope''' united herself with a mortal, Sisyphus, and for this reason she is completely invisible. They enjoy great popularity among men because they give indications of the change of season. </blockquote>Pamias and Zucker add the sentence in paratheses: "[According to Hipparchus, they are admirably arranged and form a triangular figure]", which is impossible to stem from Eratosthenes because Hipparchus lived a century later. This addition is preserved in the Epitome.


	Var 2 (in [[Taurus]]: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1" /> 45-47)<blockquote>At the break in the image of Taurus, at the height of the back, is the Pleiades, which has seven stars, which is why it is also called the ‘Heptaster’ (seven stars). In reality, only six are visible, as the seventh is completely dim.</blockquote>		Var 2 (in [[Taurus]]: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1" /> 45-47)<blockquote>At the break in the image of Taurus, at the height of the back, is the Pleiades, which has seven stars, which is why it is also called the ‘Heptaster’ (seven stars). In reality, only six are visible, as the seventh is completely dim.</blockquote>

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-24T12:13:16Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:13, 24 August 2026
Line 30:		Line 30:
	according to the reconstruction of the Greek text by Pamias and Zucker (2013)		according to the reconstruction of the Greek text by Pamias and Zucker (2013)

	Var 1 (after Perseus: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1">Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 72)<blockquote>It is located on what is known as the break in the bull's spine. It consists of a cluster of seven stars, which are said to be the daughters of Atlas, which is why it is also called ‘Heptaster’ (The Seven Stars). However, we cannot see seven, but only six, and this is roughly how it is explained: it is said that six of them united with gods, and one with a mortal. Three united with Zeus: '''Electra''', who gave birth to Dardanos, '''Maia''', who gave birth to Hermes, and '''Taygetes''', who gave birth to Lacedaemon; two were united with Poseidon: '''Alcyone''', who gave birth to Hyrie, and '''Kelaeno''', who gave birth to Lycos; as for '''Sterope''', it is said that she was united with Ares, and from her was born Oinomaos. But '''Merope''' united herself with a mortal, Sisyphus, and for this reason she is completely invisible. They enjoy great popularity among men because they give indications of the change of season.

	Pamias and Zucker add the line in paratheses: "[According to Hipparchus, they are admirably arranged and form a triangular figure]", which is impossible to stem from Eratosthenes because Hipparchus lived a century later. ~~</blockquote>~~Var 2 (in [[Taurus]]: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1" /> 45-47)<blockquote>At the break in the image of Taurus, at the height of the back, is the Pleiades, which has seven stars, which is why it is also called the ‘Heptaster’ (seven stars). In reality, only six are visible, as the seventh is completely dim.</blockquote>
			Var 1 (after Perseus: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1">Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 72)<blockquote>It is located on what is known as the break in the bull's spine. It consists of a cluster of seven stars, which are said to be the daughters of Atlas, which is why it is also called ‘Heptaster’ (The Seven Stars). However, we cannot see seven, but only six, and this is roughly how it is explained: it is said that six of them united with gods, and one with a mortal. Three united with Zeus: '''Electra''', who gave birth to Dardanos, '''Maia''', who gave birth to Hermes, and '''Taygetes''', who gave birth to Lacedaemon; two were united with Poseidon: '''Alcyone''', who gave birth to Hyrie, and '''Kelaeno''', who gave birth to Lycos; as for '''Sterope''', it is said that she was united with Ares, and from her was born Oinomaos. But '''Merope''' united herself with a mortal, Sisyphus, and for this reason she is completely invisible. They enjoy great popularity among men because they give indications of the change of season. </blockquote>Pamias and Zucker add the line in paratheses: "[According to Hipparchus, they are admirably arranged and form a triangular figure]", which is impossible to stem from Eratosthenes because Hipparchus lived a century later.

			Var 2 (in [[Taurus]]: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1" /> 45-47)<blockquote>At the break in the image of Taurus, at the height of the back, is the Pleiades, which has seven stars, which is why it is also called the ‘Heptaster’ (seven stars). In reality, only six are visible, as the seventh is completely dim.</blockquote>

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-24T12:12:41Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:12, 24 August 2026
Line 30:		Line 30:
	according to the reconstruction of the Greek text by Pamias and Zucker (2013)		according to the reconstruction of the Greek text by Pamias and Zucker (2013)

	Var 1 (after Perseus: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1">Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 72)<blockquote>It is located on what is known as the break in the bull's spine. It consists of a cluster of seven stars, which are said to be the daughters of Atlas, which is why it is also called ‘Heptaster’ (The Seven Stars). However, we cannot see seven, but only six, and this is roughly how it is explained: it is said that six of them united with gods, and one with a mortal. Three united with Zeus: '''Electra''', who gave birth to Dardanos, '''Maia''', who gave birth to Hermes, and '''Taygetes''', who gave birth to Lacedaemon; two were united with Poseidon: '''Alcyone''', who gave birth to Hyrie, and '''Kelaeno''', who gave birth to Lycos; as for '''Sterope''', it is said that she was united with Ares, and from her was born Oinomaos. But '''Merope''' united herself with a mortal, Sisyphus, and for this reason she is completely invisible. They enjoy great popularity among men because they give indications of the change of season. [According to Hipparchus, they are admirably arranged and form a triangular figure] </blockquote>Var 2 (in [[Taurus]]: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1" /> 45-47)<blockquote>At the break in the image of Taurus, at the height of the back, is the Pleiades, which has seven stars, which is why it is also called the ‘Heptaster’ (seven stars). In reality, only six are visible, as the seventh is completely dim.</blockquote>		Var 1 (after Perseus: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1">Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 72)<blockquote>It is located on what is known as the break in the bull's spine. It consists of a cluster of seven stars, which are said to be the daughters of Atlas, which is why it is also called ‘Heptaster’ (The Seven Stars). However, we cannot see seven, but only six, and this is roughly how it is explained: it is said that six of them united with gods, and one with a mortal. Three united with Zeus: '''Electra''', who gave birth to Dardanos, '''Maia''', who gave birth to Hermes, and '''Taygetes''', who gave birth to Lacedaemon; two were united with Poseidon: '''Alcyone''', who gave birth to Hyrie, and '''Kelaeno''', who gave birth to Lycos; as for '''Sterope''', it is said that she was united with Ares, and from her was born Oinomaos. But '''Merope''' united herself with a mortal, Sisyphus, and for this reason she is completely invisible. They enjoy great popularity among men because they give indications of the change of season.

			Pamias and Zucker add the line in paratheses: "[According to Hipparchus, they are admirably arranged and form a triangular figure]", which is impossible to stem from Eratosthenes because Hipparchus lived a century later. </blockquote>Var 2 (in [[Taurus]]: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1" /> 45-47)<blockquote>At the break in the image of Taurus, at the height of the back, is the Pleiades, which has seven stars, which is why it is also called the ‘Heptaster’ (seven stars). In reality, only six are visible, as the seventh is completely dim.</blockquote>

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-24T12:10:18Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:10, 24 August 2026
Line 30:		Line 30:
	according to the reconstruction of the Greek text by Pamias and Zucker (2013)		according to the reconstruction of the Greek text by Pamias and Zucker (2013)

	Var 1 (after Perseus: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1">Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 72)<blockquote>It is located on what is known as the break in the bull's spine. It consists of a cluster of seven stars, which are said to be the daughters of Atlas, which is why it is also called ‘Heptaster’ (The Seven Stars). However, we cannot see seven, but only six, and this is roughly how it is explained: it is said that six of them united with gods, and one with a mortal. Three united with Zeus:		Var 1 (after Perseus: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1">Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 72)<blockquote>It is located on what is known as the break in the bull's spine. It consists of a cluster of seven stars, which are said to be the daughters of Atlas, which is why it is also called ‘Heptaster’ (The Seven Stars). However, we cannot see seven, but only six, and this is roughly how it is explained: it is said that six of them united with gods, and one with a mortal. Three united with Zeus: '''Electra''', who gave birth to Dardanos, '''Maia''', who gave birth to Hermes, and '''Taygetes''', who gave birth to Lacedaemon; two were united with Poseidon: '''Alcyone''', who gave birth to Hyrie, and '''Kelaeno''', who gave birth to Lycos; as for '''Sterope''', it is said that she was united with Ares, and from her was born Oinomaos. But '''Merope''' united herself with a mortal, Sisyphus, and for this reason she is completely invisible. They enjoy great popularity among men because they give indications of the change of season. [According to Hipparchus, they are admirably arranged and form a triangular figure] </blockquote>Var 2 (in [[Taurus]]: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1" /> 45-47)<blockquote>At the break in the image of Taurus, at the height of the back, is the Pleiades, which has seven stars, which is why it is also called the ‘Heptaster’ (seven stars). In reality, only six are visible, as the seventh is completely dim.</blockquote>

	Electra, who gave birth to Dardanos, Maia, who gave birth to Hermes, and Taygetes, who gave birth to Lacedaemon; two were united with Poseidon: Alcyone, who gave birth to Hyrie, and Kelaeno, who gave birth to Lycos; as for Sterope, it is said that she was united with Ares, and from her was born Oinomaos. But Merope united herself with a mortal, Sisyphus, and for this reason she is completely invisible. They enjoy great popularity among men because they give indications of the change of season. [According to Hipparchus, they are admirably arranged and form a triangular figure] </blockquote>Var 2 (in [[Taurus]]: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1" /> 45-47)<blockquote>At the break in the image of Taurus, at the height of the back, is the Pleiades, which has seven stars, which is why it is also called the ‘Heptaster’ (seven stars). In reality, only six are visible, as the seventh is completely dim.</blockquote>


Line 53:		Line 51:
	\| 385		\| 385
	\| 2		\| 2
	\| ~~Dardanos~~		\| Taygetes
	\| Atlas, 27 Tau		\| Atlas, 27 Tau
	\| 17847		\| 17847
Line 82:		Line 80:
	\| 6		\| 6
	\| Sterope		\| Sterope
	\| ~~Taygeta~~ (q Tau)		\| (q Tau)
	\| 17531		\| 17531
	\| 2		\| 2

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-24T12:05:52Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:05, 24 August 2026
Line 33:		Line 33:

	Electra, who gave birth to Dardanos, Maia, who gave birth to Hermes, and Taygetes, who gave birth to Lacedaemon; two were united with Poseidon: Alcyone, who gave birth to Hyrie, and Kelaeno, who gave birth to Lycos; as for Sterope, it is said that she was united with Ares, and from her was born Oinomaos. But Merope united herself with a mortal, Sisyphus, and for this reason she is completely invisible. They enjoy great popularity among men because they give indications of the change of season. [According to Hipparchus, they are admirably arranged and form a triangular figure] </blockquote>Var 2 (in [[Taurus]]: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1" /> 45-47)<blockquote>At the break in the image of Taurus, at the height of the back, is the Pleiades, which has seven stars, which is why it is also called the ‘Heptaster’ (seven stars). In reality, only six are visible, as the seventh is completely dim.</blockquote>		Electra, who gave birth to Dardanos, Maia, who gave birth to Hermes, and Taygetes, who gave birth to Lacedaemon; two were united with Poseidon: Alcyone, who gave birth to Hyrie, and Kelaeno, who gave birth to Lycos; as for Sterope, it is said that she was united with Ares, and from her was born Oinomaos. But Merope united herself with a mortal, Sisyphus, and for this reason she is completely invisible. They enjoy great popularity among men because they give indications of the change of season. [According to Hipparchus, they are admirably arranged and form a triangular figure] </blockquote>Var 2 (in [[Taurus]]: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1" /> 45-47)<blockquote>At the break in the image of Taurus, at the height of the back, is the Pleiades, which has seven stars, which is why it is also called the ‘Heptaster’ (seven stars). In reality, only six are visible, as the seventh is completely dim.</blockquote>


			{\|class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!erat.Cat.ID
			!constStarID
			!starName
			!ident.Bayer
			!ident.HIP
			!certainty
			\|-
			\| 384
			\| 1
			\| Elektra
			\| 17 Tau
			\| 17499
			\| 2
			\|-
			\| 385
			\| 2
			\| Dardanos
			\| Atlas, 27 Tau
			\| 17847
			\| 2
			\|-
			\| 386
			\| 3
			\| Maia
			\| 20 Tau
			\| 17573
			\| 2
			\|-
			\| 387
			\| 4
			\| Alkyone
			\| eta Tau
			\| 17702
			\| 2
			\|-
			\| 388
			\| 5
			\| Kelaino
			\| 23 Tau (Merope)
			\| 17608
			\| 2
			\|-
			\| 389
			\| 6
			\| Sterope
			\| Taygeta (q Tau)
			\| 17531
			\| 2
			\|-
			\| 390
			\| 7
			\| Merope, […] invisible
			\| Celaeno (16 Tau)
			\| 17489
			\| 2
			\|}

	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-06-12T07:06:48Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:06, 12 June 2026
Line 28:		Line 28:
	<blockquote>Near his left knee all in a cluster [255] the Pleiades move. The space that holds them all is not great, and they are individually faint to observe. Seven in number they are in the lore of men, although there are only six apparent to the eye. No star at all has been lost from our ken in Zeus [260] since our oral tradition began, but this is just what is said. Those seven are called by name Alcyone, Merope, Celaeno and Electra, Sterope, Taygete and honoured Maia. All alike they are small and faint, but they are famous [265] in their movements at morning and evening, and Zeus is the cause, in that he authorised them to mark the beginnings of summer and winter and the onset of ploughing time. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote>		<blockquote>Near his left knee all in a cluster [255] the Pleiades move. The space that holds them all is not great, and they are individually faint to observe. Seven in number they are in the lore of men, although there are only six apparent to the eye. No star at all has been lost from our ken in Zeus [260] since our oral tradition began, but this is just what is said. Those seven are called by name Alcyone, Merope, Celaeno and Electra, Sterope, Taygete and honoured Maia. All alike they are small and faint, but they are famous [265] in their movements at morning and evening, and Zeus is the cause, in that he authorised them to mark the beginnings of summer and winter and the onset of ploughing time. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote>
	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====
	according to the reconstruction of the Greek text by Pamias and Zucker (2013).		according to the reconstruction of the Greek text by Pamias and Zucker (2013)

	Var 1 (after Perseus)<blockquote>It is located on what is known as the break in the bull's spine. It consists of a cluster of seven stars, which are said to be the daughters of Atlas, which is why it is also called ‘Heptaster’ (The Seven Stars). However, we cannot see seven, but only six, and this is roughly how it is explained: it is said that six of them united with gods, and one with a mortal. Three united with Zeus:		Var 1 (after Perseus: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1">Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 72)<blockquote>It is located on what is known as the break in the bull's spine. It consists of a cluster of seven stars, which are said to be the daughters of Atlas, which is why it is also called ‘Heptaster’ (The Seven Stars). However, we cannot see seven, but only six, and this is roughly how it is explained: it is said that six of them united with gods, and one with a mortal. Three united with Zeus:

	Electra, who gave birth to Dardanos, Maia, who gave birth to Hermes, and Taygetes, who gave birth to Lacedaemon; two were united with Poseidon: Alcyone, who gave birth to Hyrie, and Kelaeno, who gave birth to Lycos; as for Sterope, it is said that she was united with Ares, and from her was born Oinomaos. But Merope united herself with a mortal, Sisyphus, and for this reason she is completely invisible. They enjoy great popularity among men because they give indications of the change of season. [According to Hipparchus, they are admirably arranged and form a triangular figure] </blockquote>Var 2 (in Taurus)<blockquote>At the break in the image of Taurus, at the height of the back, is the Pleiades, which has seven stars, which is why it is also called the ‘Heptaster’ (seven stars). In reality, only six are visible, as the seventh is completely dim.</blockquote>		Electra, who gave birth to Dardanos, Maia, who gave birth to Hermes, and Taygetes, who gave birth to Lacedaemon; two were united with Poseidon: Alcyone, who gave birth to Hyrie, and Kelaeno, who gave birth to Lycos; as for Sterope, it is said that she was united with Ares, and from her was born Oinomaos. But Merope united herself with a mortal, Sisyphus, and for this reason she is completely invisible. They enjoy great popularity among men because they give indications of the change of season. [According to Hipparchus, they are admirably arranged and form a triangular figure] </blockquote>Var 2 (in [[Taurus]]: Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref name=":1" /> 45-47)<blockquote>At the break in the image of Taurus, at the height of the back, is the Pleiades, which has seven stars, which is why it is also called the ‘Heptaster’ (seven stars). In reality, only six are visible, as the seventh is completely dim.</blockquote>

	===== Hipparchus =====		===== Hipparchus =====

YoulaAzkarrula at 12:16, 26 May 2026

2026-05-26T12:16:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:16, 26 May 2026
Line 153:		Line 153:


	[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:European]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Almagest]] [[Category:Mesopotamian]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Modern]]		[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:European]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Almagest]] [[Category:Mesopotamian]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]][[Category:Modern]]
	[[Category:Star Cluster]]		[[Category:Star Cluster]]
	[[Category:Tau]]		[[Category:Tau]]
	[[Category:Pleiades]]		[[Category:Pleiades]]

IanRidpath: /* Weblinks */ Added Warburg link

2026-05-20T09:25:43Z

Weblinks: Added Warburg link

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:25, 20 May 2026
Line 143:		Line 143:

	== Weblinks ==		== Weblinks ==
			[https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017568 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Pleiades]


	== Reference ==		== Reference ==

Sushoff: /* Hipparchus */

2026-05-18T06:04:00Z

Hipparchus

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 ===== Hipparchus =====
-..
+{| class="wikitable"
 ===== Geminos =====

Sushoff: /* Etymology and History */

2026-05-18T05:54:20Z

Etymology and History

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:54, 18 May 2026
Line 14:		Line 14:
	For the Phoenicians and Greeks, shipping between the numerous islands was of enormous importance. The Greeks therefore understood the name of the star ‘Pleias’ from πλέω (pleiu), meaning ‘to sail’, and Hesiod and Eratosthenes mention its significance as an indicator of the shipping season in the farming calendar.		For the Phoenicians and Greeks, shipping between the numerous islands was of enormous importance. The Greeks therefore understood the name of the star ‘Pleias’ from πλέω (pleiu), meaning ‘to sail’, and Hesiod and Eratosthenes mention its significance as an indicator of the shipping season in the farming calendar.

	The alternative name ‘Pleiades’ is also documented by Eratosthenes, who states: ‘One does not see seven stars, but only six.’ Greek mythology invents an unconvincing story of seven sisters, one of whom hid or left the group. Although the sisters have proper names in mythology, these names were not applied to the stars of the star cluster in ancient times. The modern naming is also confusing because two of the free-eyed stars were named after their parents, Pleione and Atlas.		The alternative name ‘Pleiades’ is also documented by Eratosthenes, who states: ‘One does not see seven stars, but only six.’ Aratus, likewise, claims, ‘Seven in number they are in the lore of men, although there are only six apparent to the eye. No star at all has been lost from our ken in Zeus since our oral tradition began.’ Hence, Greek mythology invents an unconvincing story of seven sisters, one of whom hid or left the group. Although the sisters have proper names in mythology, these names were not applied to the stars of the star cluster in ancient times. The modern naming is also confusing because two of the free-eyed stars were named after their parents, Pleione and Atlas.

	===Origin of Constellation===		===Origin of Constellation===
	==== Babylonian ====		==== Babylonian ====