SUḪUR.MAŠ2 - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Sources and Identification(s) */

2026-07-12T10:20:02Z

Sources and Identification(s)

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:20, 12 July 2026
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	!Sources		!Sources
	!Identifications		!Identifications
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			===== '''<sup>(mul)</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub>''' =====
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	\|'''Hittite Prayer to the Gods of the Night.'''		\|'''Hittite Prayer to the Gods of the Night.'''
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	\|[[File:Cap Bab stellarium R-Perdok.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by R. Perdok 2016 for LWL Planetarium Münster, Germany, here on Stellarium map).]]		\|[[File:Cap Bab stellarium R-Perdok.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by R. Perdok 2016 for LWL Planetarium Münster, Germany, here on Stellarium map).]]
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	===== <sup>(mul)</sup>SUḪUR =====		===== '''<sup>(mul)</sup>SUḪUR''' =====
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Sushoff: /* Sources and Identification(s) */

2026-07-12T10:18:26Z

Sources and Identification(s)

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:18, 12 July 2026
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	* = ''suḫurmāšu'' "Goat-Fish" (lit. "Carp-Goat", more commonly translated as "Goat-Fish");		* = ''suḫurmāšu'' "Goat-Fish" (lit. "Carp-Goat", more commonly translated as "Goat-Fish");
	* <sup>(mul)</sup>SUḪUR (𒀯𒋦): abbreviation of <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> in later calendar-ritual and magical texts; MAŠ<sub>2</sub> can also be used as an abbreviation of the name.		* <sup>(mul)</sup>SUḪUR (𒀯𒋦): abbreviation of <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> in later calendar-ritual and magical texts; MAŠ<sub>2</sub> can also be used as an abbreviation of the name.

	The “goat-fish” is the emblematic animal of Enki/Ea.<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		The “goat-fish” is the emblematic animal of Enki/Ea.<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>
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	Stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.		Stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.

	* List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 12): <sup>mul</sup>suḫur.maš<sub>2</sub><sup>ku<sub>6</sup> [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 33, 9 r. 20; HBA<ref name=":6">''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 105; Horowitz 1998<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref>, 176].		* List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 12):
			** <sup>mul</sup>suḫur.maš<sub>2</sub><sup>ku<sub>6</sup> [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 33, 9 r. 20; HBA<ref name=":6">''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 105; Horowitz 1998<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref>, 176].
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	\|'''MUL.APIN.'''		\|'''MUL.APIN.'''
	* (1) The stars of Ea (nos. 14, 15): <sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku<sub>6</sup> "Ship and Goat-Fish" (I ii 34): (EA 14–15l)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		* (1) The stars of Ea (nos. 14, 15):
	* (2) Stars "in the path of the Moon": <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub>~~, after <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG, before~~ <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (I iv 36), see (Kurtik s20) ''[[Sîn]]'' [Hunger & Steele 2019<ref name=":7">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>].		** <sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku<sub>6</sup>
			** "Ship and Goat-Fish" (I ii 34): (EA 14–15l)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>
			* (2) Stars "in the path of the Moon":
			** <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA
			** (I iv 36), see (Kurtik s20) ''[[Sîn]]'' [Hunger & Steele 2019<ref name=":7">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>].
	\|[[File:Cap Bab stellarium J-Gullberg.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by J. Gullberg 2021 for Stellarium).]]		\|[[File:Cap Bab stellarium J-Gullberg.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by J. Gullberg 2021 for Stellarium).]]
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	\|'''Star List V R 46, 1:38.'''		\|'''Star List V R 46, 1:38.'''
	* <sup>mul</sup>ma<sub>2</sub>.gur<sub>8</sub> <sup>mul</sup>suḫur.maš<sub>2</sub> = <sup>d</sup>''Nabû''(PA) ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Taš-me-tu''<sub>4</sub> "Ship (and) Goat-fish = Nabû and Tashmetu" [HBA<ref name=":6" />, 52:38; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, 162-3].		* <sup>mul</sup>ma<sub>2</sub>.gur<sub>8</sub> <sup>mul</sup>suḫur.maš<sub>2</sub> = <sup>d</sup>''Nabû''(PA) ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Taš-me-tu''<sub>4</sub>
			* "Ship (and) Goat-fish = Nabû and Tashmetu" [HBA<ref name=":6" />, 52:38; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, 162-3].
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	\|'''Late astrology, magic, and the calendar.'''		\|'''Late astrology, magic, and the calendar.'''
	* (1) "Lunaries."		* (1) "Lunaries."
	** (a) BRM IV, 20: ki <sup>mul</sup>suḫur.maš<sub>2</sub> "Area of the Goat-Fish," astrological meanings: removal of evil from a person's house, removal from former positions, etc. [Ungnad 1941-44<ref>''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 258-259: 11, 28, 49; Emelyanov 1999<ref>''Емельянов В.В''. Ниппурский календарь и ранняя история Зодиака. СПб: "Петербургское Востоковедение", 1999.</ref>, 193-197],		** (a) BRM IV, 20:
			*** ki <sup>mul</sup>suḫur.maš<sub>2</sub>
			*** "Area of the Goat-Fish," astrological meanings: removal of evil from a person's house, removal from former positions, etc. [Ungnad 1941-44<ref>''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 258-259: 11, 28, 49; Emelyanov 1999<ref>''Емельянов В.В''. Ниппурский календарь и ранняя история Зодиака. СПб: "Петербургское Востоковедение", 1999.</ref>, 193-197],
	** (b) BRM IV, 19, see (Kurtik m22) [[MAŠ2\|MAŠ<sub>2</sub>]].		** (b) BRM IV, 19, see (Kurtik m22) [[MAŠ2\|MAŠ<sub>2</sub>]].
	* (2) "Microzodiac". Subdivision of the zodiac sign Leo into 12 parts: the 6th part is <sup>mul</sup>suḫur.maš<sub>2</sub> [Weidner 1967<ref>''Weidner E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, 16-17, Taf. 6: VAT 7847].		* (2) "Microzodiac".
	* (3) Zodiacal astrology. KI <sup>múl</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sup>ku6</sup> ''a-lid'' ... "In the region of Goat-Fish was born..." [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1593 rev. 9′; Reiner 2000<ref>''Reiner E.'' Early Zodiologia and Related Matters / Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Studies in Assyriology in Honour of W.G.Lambert / Ed. by A.R.George and I.L.Finkel. Winona Lake, Indiana, 2000. P. 421-427.</ref>].		** Subdivision of the zodiac sign Leo into 12 parts: the 6th part is <sup>mul</sup>suḫur.maš<sub>2</sub> [Weidner 1967<ref>''Weidner E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, 16-17, Taf. 6: VAT 7847].
	* (4) Predictions of grain prices based on the positions of planets relative to zodiacal constellations (among them <sup>múl</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku<sub>6</sup>) and other phenomena [SpTU I<ref name=":4" />, 94, passim], ''zibbat''(KUN) SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup> "Tail of the Goat-Fish" [SpTU I<ref name=":4" />, 94:36]. See also [SpTU III<ref name=":5" />, 102 r. 5; Civil 1974<ref>''Civil M.'' Medical Commentaries from Nippur // JNES. 1974. Vol. 33, No 3. P. 329-338.</ref>, 336:11].		* (3) Zodiacal astrology.
	* (5) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the sign of the zodiac. DIŠ S[ina <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ AN.MI GAR-''ma''...] "If the Mo[on eclipses in the Goat-Fish...]" [Rochberg-Halton 1984<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.</ref>, 135: rev. 19], see (Kurtik s20) ''[[Sîn]]''.		** KI <sup>múl</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sup>ku6</sup> ''a-lid'' ...
			** "In the region of Goat-Fish was born..." [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1593 rev. 9′; Reiner 2000<ref>''Reiner E.'' Early Zodiologia and Related Matters / Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Studies in Assyriology in Honour of W.G.Lambert / Ed. by A.R.George and I.L.Finkel. Winona Lake, Indiana, 2000. P. 421-427.</ref>].
			* (4) Predictions of grain prices based on the positions of planets relative to zodiacal constellations (among them <sup>múl</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku<sub>6</sup>) and other phenomena [SpTU I<ref name=":4" />, 94, passim],
			** ''zibbat''(KUN) SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup>
			** "Tail of the Goat-Fish" [SpTU I<ref name=":4" />, 94:36]. See also [SpTU III<ref name=":5" />, 102 r. 5; Civil 1974<ref>''Civil M.'' Medical Commentaries from Nippur // JNES. 1974. Vol. 33, No 3. P. 329-338.</ref>, 336:11].
			* (5) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the sign of the zodiac.
			** DIŠ S[ina <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ AN.MI GAR-''ma''...]
			** "If the Mo[on eclipses in the Goat-Fish...]" [Rochberg-Halton 1984<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.</ref>, 135: rev. 19], see (Kurtik s20) ''[[Sîn]]''.
	\|[[File:Cap Bab stellarium R-Perdok.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by R. Perdok 2016 for LWL Planetarium Münster, Germany, here on Stellarium map).]]		\|[[File:Cap Bab stellarium R-Perdok.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by R. Perdok 2016 for LWL Planetarium Münster, Germany, here on Stellarium map).]]
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Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, HistoryPlanetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia. */

2026-07-12T10:09:27Z

Concordance, Etymology, HistoryPlanetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:09, 12 July 2026
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	'''Variants:'''		'''Variants:'''

	* = ''suḫurmāšu'' "Goat-Fish" (lit. "Carp-Goat");		* = ''suḫurmāšu'' "Goat-Fish" (lit. "Carp-Goat", more commonly translated as "Goat-Fish");
	* <sup>(mul)</sup>SUḪUR (𒀯𒋦): abbreviation of <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> in later calendar-ritual and magical texts; MAŠ<sub>2</sub> can also be used as an abbreviation of the name.		* <sup>(mul)</sup>SUḪUR (𒀯𒋦): abbreviation of <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> in later calendar-ritual and magical texts; MAŠ<sub>2</sub> can also be used as an abbreviation of the name.

Sushoff at 11:26, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T11:26:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:26, 5 July 2026
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	\| bordering = Cap, Aqr		\| bordering = Cap, Aqr
	\| notes =		\| notes =
			\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	<sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>(ku<sub>6</sub>)</sup> (𒀯𒋦𒈧), Akkadian <sup>(mul)</sup>''Suḫurmāšu,'' "The Goat-Fish", is the Mesopotamian equivalent of the Greek Αἰγόκερος (The Goat-Horned), Latin [[Capricornus]]. Well documented in Mesopotamian art, the asterism is conceived with the head and front of a goat, with the back and tail of a fish. Hence the name Sumerian SUḪUR = Akkadian ''purādu'' (carp) + MAŠ<sub>2</sub> = ''urīșu'' (billy goat). Sumerian writings occur both with and without the ku<sub>6</sub> (fish)-determinative.		<sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>(ku<sub>6</sub>)</sup> (𒀯𒋦𒈧), Akkadian <sup>(mul)</sup>''Suḫurmāšu,'' "The Goat-Fish", is the Mesopotamian equivalent of the Greek Αἰγόκερος (The Goat-Horned), Latin [[Capricornus]]. Well documented in Mesopotamian art, the asterism is conceived with the head and front of a goat, with the back and tail of a fish. Hence the name Sumerian SUḪUR = Akkadian ''purādu'' (carp) + MAŠ<sub>2</sub> = ''urīșu'' (billy goat). Sumerian writings occur both with and without the ku<sub>6</sub> (fish)-determinative.

Sushoff at 10:20, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T10:20:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:20, 5 July 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Cap ~~Bab stellarium J-Gullberg~~.jpg\|thumb\|~~Babylonian~~ Goat-Fish ~~in Capricornus (painted by J. Gullberg 2021 for Stellarium)~~.]]		[[File:Kudurru Cap excerpt.jpg\|thumb\|The Goat-Fish depicted on a kudurru stone from Susa 1200 BCE.]]
	~~[[File:Cap Bab stellarium R-Perdok~~.~~jpg~~\|~~thumb~~\|~~Babylonian~~ Goat-Fish ~~in Capricornus~~ (~~painted by R~~. ~~Perdok 2016 for LWL Planetarium Münster, Germany, here on Stellarium map~~).]]		{{Infobox constellation
			\| name = 𒋦𒈧 (SUḪUR.MÁŠ)
			\| native = 𒋦𒈧
			\| translation = The Goat-Fish (demon)
			\| pronounce = SUḪUR.MÁŠ (Sukhurmashu)
			\| IPA = /suχur.maʃ/
			\| culture = Babylonia
			\| RA = 304.513565 to 328.3240435
			\| dec = -26.91913485 to -12.54485212
			\| areatotal = 198.87
			\| numbermainstars = 47
			\| numberbfstars = 33
			\| numberstarsplanets =
			\| numberbrightstars = 1
			\| numbernearbystars =
			\| brighteststarname = [[Deneb Algedi]]
			\| starmagnitude = 2.83
			\| neareststarname =
			\| stardistance =
			\| numbermessierobjects =
			\| meteorshowers =
			\| bordering = Cap, Aqr
			\| notes =
			}}
	<sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>(ku<sub>6</sub>)</sup> (𒀯𒋦𒈧), Akkadian <sup>(mul)</sup>''Suḫurmāšu,'' "The Goat-Fish", is the Mesopotamian equivalent of the Greek Αἰγόκερος (The Goat-Horned), Latin [[Capricornus]]. Well documented in Mesopotamian art, the asterism is conceived with the head and front of a goat, with the back and tail of a fish. Hence the name Sumerian SUḪUR = Akkadian ''purādu'' (carp) + MAŠ<sub>2</sub> = ''urīșu'' (billy goat). Sumerian writings occur both with and without the ku<sub>6</sub> (fish)-determinative.		<sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>(ku<sub>6</sub>)</sup> (𒀯𒋦𒈧), Akkadian <sup>(mul)</sup>''Suḫurmāšu,'' "The Goat-Fish", is the Mesopotamian equivalent of the Greek Αἰγόκερος (The Goat-Horned), Latin [[Capricornus]]. Well documented in Mesopotamian art, the asterism is conceived with the head and front of a goat, with the back and tail of a fish. Hence the name Sumerian SUḪUR = Akkadian ''purādu'' (carp) + MAŠ<sub>2</sub> = ''urīșu'' (billy goat). Sumerian writings occur both with and without the ku<sub>6</sub> (fish)-determinative.

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	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	~~[[File:Kudurru Cap excerpt.jpg\|thumb\|The Goat-Fish depicted on a kudurru stone from Susa 1200 BCE.]]~~
	'''Variants:'''		'''Variants:'''

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	* (1) The stars of Ea (nos. 14, 15): <sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku<sub>6</sup> "Ship and Goat-Fish" (I ii 34): (EA 14–15l)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		* (1) The stars of Ea (nos. 14, 15): <sup>mul</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub> <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku<sub>6</sup> "Ship and Goat-Fish" (I ii 34): (EA 14–15l)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>
	* (2) Stars "in the path of the Moon": <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub>, after <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG, before <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (I iv 36), see (Kurtik s20) ''[[Sîn]]'' [Hunger & Steele 2019<ref name=":7">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>].		* (2) Stars "in the path of the Moon": <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub>, after <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG, before <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (I iv 36), see (Kurtik s20) ''[[Sîn]]'' [Hunger & Steele 2019<ref name=":7">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>].
	\|		\|[[File:Cap Bab stellarium J-Gullberg.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by J. Gullberg 2021 for Stellarium).]]
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	\|'''"Letters" and "Reports."'''		\|'''"Letters" and "Reports."'''
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	* (4) Predictions of grain prices based on the positions of planets relative to zodiacal constellations (among them <sup>múl</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku<sub>6</sup>) and other phenomena [SpTU I<ref name=":4" />, 94, passim], ''zibbat''(KUN) SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup> "Tail of the Goat-Fish" [SpTU I<ref name=":4" />, 94:36]. See also [SpTU III<ref name=":5" />, 102 r. 5; Civil 1974<ref>''Civil M.'' Medical Commentaries from Nippur // JNES. 1974. Vol. 33, No 3. P. 329-338.</ref>, 336:11].		* (4) Predictions of grain prices based on the positions of planets relative to zodiacal constellations (among them <sup>múl</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku<sub>6</sup>) and other phenomena [SpTU I<ref name=":4" />, 94, passim], ''zibbat''(KUN) SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup> "Tail of the Goat-Fish" [SpTU I<ref name=":4" />, 94:36]. See also [SpTU III<ref name=":5" />, 102 r. 5; Civil 1974<ref>''Civil M.'' Medical Commentaries from Nippur // JNES. 1974. Vol. 33, No 3. P. 329-338.</ref>, 336:11].
	* (5) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the sign of the zodiac. DIŠ S[ina <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ AN.MI GAR-''ma''...] "If the Mo[on eclipses in the Goat-Fish...]" [Rochberg-Halton 1984<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.</ref>, 135: rev. 19], see (Kurtik s20) ''[[Sîn]]''.		* (5) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the sign of the zodiac. DIŠ S[ina <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ AN.MI GAR-''ma''...] "If the Mo[on eclipses in the Goat-Fish...]" [Rochberg-Halton 1984<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.</ref>, 135: rev. 19], see (Kurtik s20) ''[[Sîn]]''.
	\|		\|[[File:Cap Bab stellarium R-Perdok.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by R. Perdok 2016 for LWL Planetarium Münster, Germany, here on Stellarium map).]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|

Sushoff at 05:55, 2 July 2026

2026-07-02T05:55:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:55, 2 July 2026
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	[[File:Cap Bab stellarium J-Gullberg.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by J. Gullberg 2021 for Stellarium).]]		[[File:Cap Bab stellarium J-Gullberg.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by J. Gullberg 2021 for Stellarium).]]
	[[File:Cap Bab stellarium R-Perdok.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by R. Perdok 2016 for LWL Planetarium Münster, Germany, here on Stellarium map).]]		[[File:Cap Bab stellarium R-Perdok.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by R. Perdok 2016 for LWL Planetarium Münster, Germany, here on Stellarium map).]]
	āā<sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>(ku<sub>6</sub>)</sup> (𒀯𒋦𒈧), Akkadian <sup>(mul)</sup>''Suḫurmāšu,'' "The Goat-Fish", is the Mesopotamian equivalent of the Greek Αἰγόκερος (The Goat-Horned), Latin [[Capricornus]]. Well documented in Mesopotamian art, the asterism is conceived with the head and front of a goat, with the back and tail of a fish. Hence the name Sumerian SUḪUR = Akkadian ''purādu'' (carp) + MAŠ<sub>2</sub> = ''urīșu'' (billy goat). Sumerian writings occur both with and without the ku<sub>6</sub> (fish)-determinative.		<sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>(ku<sub>6</sub>)</sup> (𒀯𒋦𒈧), Akkadian <sup>(mul)</sup>''Suḫurmāšu,'' "The Goat-Fish", is the Mesopotamian equivalent of the Greek Αἰγόκερος (The Goat-Horned), Latin [[Capricornus]]. Well documented in Mesopotamian art, the asterism is conceived with the head and front of a goat, with the back and tail of a fish. Hence the name Sumerian SUḪUR = Akkadian ''purādu'' (carp) + MAŠ<sub>2</sub> = ''urīșu'' (billy goat). Sumerian writings occur both with and without the ku<sub>6</sub> (fish)-determinative.

	The abbreviation [[MAŠ2\|MAŠ<sub>2</sub>]] is used as the most common name for the asterism in late texts. An abbreviation SUḪUR on its own is also attested (see below).		The abbreviation [[MAŠ2\|MAŠ<sub>2</sub>]] is used as the most common name for the asterism in late texts. An abbreviation SUḪUR on its own is also attested (see below).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
Line 13:		Line 13:

	* = ''suḫurmāšu'' "Goat-Fish" (lit. "Carp-Goat");		* = ''suḫurmāšu'' "Goat-Fish" (lit. "Carp-Goat");
	* <sup>(mul)</sup>SUḪUR (𒀯𒋦): abbreviation of <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> in later calendar-ritual and magical texts; MAŠ<sub>2</sub> can also be used as an ~~abbrevition~~ of the name.		* <sup>(mul)</sup>SUḪUR (𒀯𒋦): abbreviation of <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> in later calendar-ritual and magical texts; MAŠ<sub>2</sub> can also be used as an abbreviation of the name.

	The “goat-fish” is emblematic animal of Enki/Ea.<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		The “goat-fish” is the emblematic animal of Enki/Ea.<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>

	A constellation corresponding to modern Capricorn ([[Capricornus]]) [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 344; BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 14; Wiggermann 1992, 184-185].		A constellation corresponding to modern Capricorn ([[Capricornus]]) [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 344; BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 14; Wiggermann 1992, 184-185].

WayneHorowitz at 13:27, 28 June 2026

2026-06-28T13:27:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:27, 28 June 2026
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	[[File:Cap Bab stellarium J-Gullberg.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by J. Gullberg 2021 for Stellarium).]]		[[File:Cap Bab stellarium J-Gullberg.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by J. Gullberg 2021 for Stellarium).]]
	[[File:Cap Bab stellarium R-Perdok.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by R. Perdok 2016 for LWL Planetarium Münster, Germany, here on Stellarium map).]]		[[File:Cap Bab stellarium R-Perdok.jpg\|thumb\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in Capricornus (painted by R. Perdok 2016 for LWL Planetarium Münster, Germany, here on Stellarium map).]]
	<sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>(ku<sub>6</sub>)</sup> (𒀯𒋦𒈧), Akkadian <sup>(mul)</sup>''Suḫurmāšu,'' "The Goat-Fish", is the Mesopotamian equivalent of the Greek Αἰγόκερος (The Goat-Horned), Latin [[Capricornus]]. Well documented in Mesopotamian art, the asterism is conceived with the head and front of a goat, with the back and tail of a fish. Hence the name Sumerian SUḪUR = Akkadian ''purādu'' (carp) + MAŠ<sub>2</sub> = ''urīșu'' (billy goat). Sumerian writings occur both with and without the ku<sub>6</sub> (fish)-determinative.		āā<sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>(ku<sub>6</sub>)</sup> (𒀯𒋦𒈧), Akkadian <sup>(mul)</sup>''Suḫurmāšu,'' "The Goat-Fish", is the Mesopotamian equivalent of the Greek Αἰγόκερος (The Goat-Horned), Latin [[Capricornus]]. Well documented in Mesopotamian art, the asterism is conceived with the head and front of a goat, with the back and tail of a fish. Hence the name Sumerian SUḪUR = Akkadian ''purādu'' (carp) + MAŠ<sub>2</sub> = ''urīșu'' (billy goat). Sumerian writings occur both with and without the ku<sub>6</sub> (fish)-determinative.

	The abbreviation [[MAŠ2\|MAŠ<sub>2</sub>]] is used as the most common name for the asterism in late texts. An abbreviation SUḪUR on its own is also attested (see below).		The abbreviation [[MAŠ2\|MAŠ<sub>2</sub>]] is used as the most common name for the asterism in late texts. An abbreviation SUḪUR on its own is also attested (see below).
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	A constellation corresponding to modern Capricorn ([[Capricornus]]) [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 344; BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 14; Wiggermann 1992, 184-185].		A constellation corresponding to modern Capricorn ([[Capricornus]]) [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 344; BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 14; Wiggermann 1992, 184-185].

			See also [[Gizzānītu\|Gizzānītu.]]

	==== Sources and Identification(s) ====		==== Sources and Identification(s) ====

Sushoff at 12:31, 20 June 2026

2026-06-20T12:31:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:31, 20 June 2026
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	==== Ancient Depictions ====		==== Ancient Depictions ====
	<gallery>		<gallery>
			File:Melischipak kudurru, SB22 (1798).jpg\|Melischipak kudurru stone, Louvre SB22, from Susa ~1200 BCE
	File:Kudurru Cap excerpt.jpg\|kudurru stone for king Melishikhu II (Susa, 1200 BCE)		File:Kudurru Cap excerpt.jpg\|kudurru stone for king Melishikhu II (Susa, 1200 BCE)
			File:Cap GoatFish seal Wallenfels1993.png\|Goat-Fish as seal imprint from Uruk, Seleucid period (Wallenfels 1993).
	File:KHM - Gemma Augustea.jpg\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in the top-panel of the Roman "Gemma Augustea" for Emperor Augustus of Rome, 1st century CE.		File:KHM - Gemma Augustea.jpg\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in the top-panel of the Roman "Gemma Augustea" for Emperor Augustus of Rome, 1st century CE.
			File:201209071749b Berlin Pergamonmuseum, Aureus, FO Pergamon, kaiserzeitlich, SIGNIS REGENTIS, Capricornus als persönliches Zeichen Augustus' 19-18 v.u.Z.jpg\|Goat-Fish on Augustean coin (19/18 BCE)
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Sushoff at 12:23, 20 June 2026

2026-06-20T12:23:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:23, 20 June 2026
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	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	[[File:Kudurru Cap excerpt.jpg\|thumb\|The Goat-Fish depicted on a kudurru stone.]]		[[File:Kudurru Cap excerpt.jpg\|thumb\|The Goat-Fish depicted on a kudurru stone from Susa 1200 BCE.]]
	'''Variants:'''		'''Variants:'''

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	\|}		\|}
	=== Additional===		=== Additional===

			==== Ancient Depictions ====
			<gallery>
			File:Kudurru Cap excerpt.jpg\|kudurru stone for king Melishikhu II (Susa, 1200 BCE)
			File:KHM - Gemma Augustea.jpg\|Babylonian Goat-Fish in the top-panel of the Roman "Gemma Augustea" for Emperor Augustus of Rome, 1st century CE.
			</gallery>

	==== Deity. ====		==== Deity. ====

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-06-20T12:18:04Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:18, 20 June 2026
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	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Variants:		[[File:Kudurru Cap excerpt.jpg\|thumb\|The Goat-Fish depicted on a kudurru stone.]]
			'''Variants:'''

	* = ''suḫurmāšu'' "Goat-Fish" (lit. "Carp-Goat");		* = ''suḫurmāšu'' "Goat-Fish" (lit. "Carp-Goat");