Sagitta - Revision history

YoulaAzkarrula at 04:06, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T04:06:49Z

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	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Almagest]]		[[Category:Almagest]]
	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Modern]]		[[Category:Modern]]
	[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]		[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] [[Category:Sge]]
	[[Category:European]]		[[Category:European]]

Sushoff: /* Weblinks */

2026-05-21T11:26:02Z

Weblinks

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	Germanicus Caesar identified Sagitta as the arrow of Eros which kindled in Zeus his passion for the shepherd boy Ganymede, who is commemorated by the constellation Aquarius. Now, according to Germanicus, the arrow is guarded in the sky by the eagle of Zeus – and Sagitta does indeed lie next to the constellation of the eagle, Aquila.		Germanicus Caesar identified Sagitta as the arrow of Eros which kindled in Zeus his passion for the shepherd boy Ganymede, who is commemorated by the constellation Aquarius. Now, according to Germanicus, the arrow is guarded in the sky by the eagle of Zeus – and Sagitta does indeed lie next to the constellation of the eagle, Aquila.

	Alpha Sagittae, magnitude 4.4, has the strange-sounding name Sham, which comes from the Arabic name for the constellation, ''al-sahm'', meaning ‘the arrow’. The constellation’s brightest star is actually Gamma Sagittae, magnitude 3.5, which Ptolemy described as lying on the arrow-head; however, Bayer in his Uranometria extended the shaft to the stars he labelled Eta and Theta, which Ptolemy did not list. Flamsteed and Bode changed the angle of the arrow slightly so that Eta Sagittae lay at its tip and Alpha and Beta on the southern feather, as in the illustration above, whereas according to Ptolemy they should have been at the end of the shaft.		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
			'''Alpha Sagittae''', magnitude 4.4, has the strange-sounding name Sham, which comes from the Arabic name for the constellation, ''al-sahm'', meaning ‘the arrow’.

			The constellation’s '''brightest star is actually Gamma Sagittae''', magnitude 3.5, which Ptolemy described as lying on the arrow-head; however, Bayer in his Uranometria extended the shaft to the stars he labelled Eta and Theta, which Ptolemy did not list. Flamsteed and Bode changed the angle of the arrow slightly so that Eta Sagittae lay at its tip and Alpha and Beta on the southern feather, as in the illustration above, whereas according to Ptolemy they should have been at the end of the shaft.

	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==

Sushoff at 11:23, 21 May 2026

2026-05-21T11:23:10Z

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	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====
	<blockquote>'''Var. 1:''' This line is the arrow of a bow which belonged, it is said, to Apollo, and with which, to avenge Asclepius, he killed the Cyclops who had forged the thunderbolt for Zeus. He then hid it in the land of the Hyperboreans, in the place where the sanctuary made of feathers. It is said that first thing he did was to get it back, when Zeus forgave him for his murder and put an end to his servitude with Admetus, mentioned by Euripides in Alcestis. The arrow is said to have returned through the air with Demeter Fructiferous. It was of extraordinary size, according to Heraclides of Pontus in his Pont in his book On Justice. Apollo also placed this feature among the stars, and made it a constellation to fix the memory of the battle he had fought.		Eratosthenes says about the Arrow, that with this Apollo killed the Cyclopes who forged the thunderbolt by which Aesculapius died. Apollo had buried this arrow in the Hyperborean mountain, but when Jupiter pardoned his son, it was borne by the wind and brought to Apollo along with the grain which at that time was growing. Many point out that for this reason it is among the constellations. (Mary Ward 1960)<blockquote>'''Var. 1:''' This line is the arrow of a bow which belonged, it is said, to Apollo, and with which, to avenge Asclepius, he killed the Cyclops who had forged the thunderbolt for Zeus. He then hid it in the land of the Hyperboreans, in the place where the sanctuary made of feathers. It is said that first thing he did was to get it back, when Zeus forgave him for his murder and put an end to his servitude with Admetus, mentioned by Euripides in Alcestis. The arrow is said to have returned through the air with Demeter Fructiferous. It was of extraordinary size, according to Heraclides of Pontus in his Pont in his book On Justice. Apollo also placed this feature among the stars, and made it a constellation to fix the memory of the battle he had fought.

	The Arrow has a star at the tip, one in the middle, and two in the notch. One of them is particularly visible. In all, four.		The Arrow has a star at the tip, one in the middle, and two in the notch. One of them is particularly visible. In all, four.
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	But to come back to the beginning of the inquiry and the death of the eagle. Hercules, when sent by Eurystheus for the apples of the Hesperides, out of ignorance of the way came to Prometheus, who was bound on Mount Caucasus, as we have shown above. When victor, he returned to Prometheus to tell him that that dragon we have mentioned was slain, and to thank him for his kindness since he had pointed out the way. Straightway he gave what honour he could to the one that deserved it, for [he killed the eagle?] and since it was slain, men began, when victims were sacrificed, to offer livers on the altars of the gods to satisfy them in place of the liver of Prometheus.		But to come back to the beginning of the inquiry and the death of the eagle. Hercules, when sent by Eurystheus for the apples of the Hesperides, out of ignorance of the way came to Prometheus, who was bound on Mount Caucasus, as we have shown above. When victor, he returned to Prometheus to tell him that that dragon we have mentioned was slain, and to thank him for his kindness since he had pointed out the way. Straightway he gave what honour he could to the one that deserved it, for [he killed the eagle?] and since it was slain, men began, when victims were sacrificed, to offer livers on the altars of the gods to satisfy them in place of the liver of Prometheus.

	Eratosthenes says about the Arrow, that with this Apollo killed the Cyclopes who forged the thunderbolt by which Aesculapius died. Apollo had buried this arrow in the Hyperborean mountain, but when Jupiter pardoned his son, it was borne by the wind and brought to Apollo along with the grain which at that time was growing. Many point out that for this reason it is among the constellations. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote>		(Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote>

	===== Geminos =====		===== Geminos =====

IanRidpath: /* Almagest Ὀιστὸς */ Typos

2026-05-20T13:39:02Z

Almagest Ὀιστὸς: Typos

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	\|2		\|2
	\|τῶν ἐν τῷ καλάμῳ τριῶν ὁ ἐπόμενος		\|τῶν ἐν τῷ καλάμῳ τριῶν ὁ ἐπόμενος
	\|Thc rearmost of ~~thc~~ three stars in the shaft		\|Thc rearmost of the three stars in the shaft
	\|zet Sge		\|zet Sge
	\|-		\|-
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	\|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν		\|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν
	\|The middle one		\|The middle one
	\|del ~~Dge~~		\|del Sge
	\|-		\|-
	\|4		\|4
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	\|		\|
	\|ἀστέρες ἐ, ὧν δ’ μεγέθους ἄ, ε 7, ς’ ἄ.		\|ἀστέρες ἐ, ὧν δ’ μεγέθους ἄ, ε 7, ς’ ἄ.
	\|5 stars, l of the fourth magnitude, 3 of the fifth, l of the sixth		\|{5 stars, l of the fourth magnitude, 3 of the fifth, l of the sixth}
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

IanRidpath: /* Weblinks */ Added Warburg link

2026-05-20T09:37:08Z

Weblinks: Added Warburg link

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	==Weblinks==		==Weblinks==
			* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017052 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Sagitta]
	*

	==References==		==References==

IanRidpath: /* Almagest Ὀιστὸς */ Typo/OCR error

2026-05-20T09:34:54Z

Almagest Ὀιστὸς: Typo/OCR error

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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Sagitta IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|~~Sgr~~ star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]		[[File:Sagitta IAU.svg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Sge star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
	One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]]. Sagitta, The Arrow, is one the classical Greek constellations. The Greek constellation of Sagitta first occurs in Eudoxus. In antiquity, it was considered a harbinger of the light and fertility as it is the carriage of the gods Apollo (light god) and his sister Demeter (goddess of fertility) when they arrive from the distant country of Hyperborea after winter. (Note: The god of light, Apollo left his sanctuary in Delphi in winter and returned in spring, then bringing fertility with him.) According to Herodotus (5th century BCE), the mythical, paradisiacal land "beyond the north wind", Hyperborea, is in the northeast (seen from Delphi), placing it in central Asia and making Apollo and Demeter arrive from the direction of sunrise.		One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]]. Sagitta, The Arrow, is one the classical Greek constellations. The Greek constellation of Sagitta first occurs in Eudoxus. In antiquity, it was considered a harbinger of the light and fertility as it is the carriage of the gods Apollo (light god) and his sister Demeter (goddess of fertility) when they arrive from the distant country of Hyperborea after winter. (Note: The god of light, Apollo left his sanctuary in Delphi in winter and returned in spring, then bringing fertility with him.) According to Herodotus (5th century BCE), the mythical, paradisiacal land "beyond the north wind", Hyperborea, is in the northeast (seen from Delphi), placing it in central Asia and making Apollo and Demeter arrive from the direction of sunrise.

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	The following reason for the release of Prometheus has been handed down. When Jupiter, moved by the beauty of Thetis, sought her in marriage, he couldn't win the consent of the timid maiden, but none the less kept planning to bring it about. At that time the Parcae were said to have prophesied what the natural order of events should be. They said that the son of Thetis' husband, whoever he might be, would be more famous than his father. Prometheus heard this as he kept watch, not from inclination but from necessity, and reported it to Jove. He, fearing that what he had done to his father Saturn in a similar situation, would happened to him, namely, that he would be robbed of his power, gave up by necessity his desire to wed Thetis, and out of gratitude to Prometheus thanked him and freed him from his chains. But he didn't go so far as to free him from all binding, since he had sworn to that, but for commemoration bade him bind his finger with the two things, namely, with stone and with iron. Following this practice men have rings fashioned of stone and iron, that they may seem to be appeasing Prometheus. Some also have said that he wore a wreath, as if to claim that he as victor had sinned without punishment. And so men began the practice of wearing wreaths at times of great rejoicing and victory. You may observe this in sports and banquets.		The following reason for the release of Prometheus has been handed down. When Jupiter, moved by the beauty of Thetis, sought her in marriage, he couldn't win the consent of the timid maiden, but none the less kept planning to bring it about. At that time the Parcae were said to have prophesied what the natural order of events should be. They said that the son of Thetis' husband, whoever he might be, would be more famous than his father. Prometheus heard this as he kept watch, not from inclination but from necessity, and reported it to Jove. He, fearing that what he had done to his father Saturn in a similar situation, would happened to him, namely, that he would be robbed of his power, gave up by necessity his desire to wed Thetis, and out of gratitude to Prometheus thanked him and freed him from his chains. But he didn't go so far as to free him from all binding, since he had sworn to that, but for commemoration bade him bind his finger with the two things, namely, with stone and with iron. Following this practice men have rings fashioned of stone and iron, that they may seem to be appeasing Prometheus. Some also have said that he wore a wreath, as if to claim that he as victor had sinned without punishment. And so men began the practice of wearing wreaths at times of great rejoicing and victory. You may observe this in sports and banquets.

	But to come back to the beginning of the inquiry and the death of the eagle. Hercules, when sent by Eurystheus for the apples of the Hesperides, out of ignorance of the way came to Prometheus, who was bound on Mount Caucasus, as we have shown above. When victor, he returned to Prometheus to tell him that that dragon we have mentioned was slain, and to thank him for his kindness since he had pointed out the way. Straightway he gave what honour he could to the one that deserved it, for [he killed the eagle? ] and since it was slain, men began, when victims were sacrificed, to offer livers on the altars of the gods to satisfy them in place of the liver of Prometheus.		But to come back to the beginning of the inquiry and the death of the eagle. Hercules, when sent by Eurystheus for the apples of the Hesperides, out of ignorance of the way came to Prometheus, who was bound on Mount Caucasus, as we have shown above. When victor, he returned to Prometheus to tell him that that dragon we have mentioned was slain, and to thank him for his kindness since he had pointed out the way. Straightway he gave what honour he could to the one that deserved it, for [he killed the eagle?] and since it was slain, men began, when victims were sacrificed, to offer livers on the altars of the gods to satisfy them in place of the liver of Prometheus.

	Eratosthenes says about the Arrow, that with this Apollo killed the Cyclopes who forged the thunderbolt by which Aesculapius died. Apollo had buried this arrow in the Hyperborean mountain, but when Jupiter pardoned his son, it was borne by the wind and brought to Apollo along with the grain which at that time was growing. Many point out that for this reason it is among the constellations. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote>		Eratosthenes says about the Arrow, that with this Apollo killed the Cyclopes who forged the thunderbolt by which Aesculapius died. Apollo had buried this arrow in the Hyperborean mountain, but when Jupiter pardoned his son, it was borne by the wind and brought to Apollo along with the grain which at that time was growing. Many point out that for this reason it is among the constellations. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote>
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	\|3		\|3
	\|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν		\|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν
	\|The middle ~~onc~~		\|The middle one
	\|del Dge		\|del Dge
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff: /* Babylonian */

2026-05-20T08:10:53Z

Babylonian

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	==== Babylonian ====		==== Babylonian ====
	It is unknown whether this region was considered part of the asterism of The Pig ([[ŠAḪ]]) or any other image ([[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]] or [[TE8.mušen\|TE<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>]], The Eagle). Definitely, there was no arrow constellation.		It is unknown whether this region was considered part of the asterism of The Pig ([[ŠAḪ]]) or any other image ([[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]] or [[TE8.mušen\|TE<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>]], The Eagle). Definitely, there was no arrow constellation in this area; the Babylonian constellation with this name included [[Sirius]] (and probably other stars).

	==== Greco-Roman ====		==== Greco-Roman ====

Sushoff: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */

2026-05-20T08:07:27Z

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

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	File:Aql+sge mainz.jpg\|Sagitta in the claws of The Eagle, pointing northwards, on the Mainz Globe (2nd century CE).		File:Aql+sge mainz.jpg\|Sagitta in the claws of The Eagle, pointing northwards, on the Mainz Globe (2nd century CE).
	File:Aratea 54v and 55r.jpg\|Sagitta in the Leiden Aratea (830)		File:Aratea 54v and 55r.jpg\|Sagitta in the Leiden Aratea (830)
			File:Sagitta Uranometria.jpg\|Sagitta in Bayer (1603)
	File:1776 - John Flamsteed - L'Aigle, Antinous, La Fleche, Le Renard, Le Dauphin (Aquila, Sagitta, Vulpecula & Anser Delphinus).jpg\|Sagitta in Flamsteed (1776)		File:1776 - John Flamsteed - L'Aigle, Antinous, La Fleche, Le Renard, Le Dauphin (Aquila, Sagitta, Vulpecula & Anser Delphinus).jpg\|Sagitta in Flamsteed (1776)
	File:Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Delphinus, Sagitta, Aquila, and Antinous.jpg\|Sagitta in Sidney Hall (1822), Urania's Mirror		File:Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Delphinus, Sagitta, Aquila, and Antinous.jpg\|Sagitta in Sidney Hall (1822), Urania's Mirror

Sushoff: /* Mythology/ Religion */

2026-05-20T06:01:02Z

Mythology/ Religion

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 |4.38
 |}
 ===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===

Sushoff: /* Babylonian */

2026-05-20T05:58:11Z

Babylonian

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	==== Babylonian ====		==== Babylonian ====
	It is unknown whether this region was considered part of the asterism of The Pig ([[ŠAḪ]]) or any other image ([[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]] or [[TE8.mušen\|TE<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>]], The Eagle).		It is unknown whether this region was considered part of the asterism of The Pig ([[ŠAḪ]]) or any other image ([[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]] or [[TE8.mušen\|TE<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>]], The Eagle). Definitely, there was no arrow constellation.

	==== Greco-Roman ====		==== Greco-Roman ====
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|those on the notch		\|those on the notch (α, β Sge)
	\|the on one the tip		\|the on one the tip (γ Sge)
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|star		\|star
	\|those on the notch (~~alf~~,~~bet~~)		\|those on the notch (α, β Sge)
	\|the one at the tip		\|the one at the tip (γ Sge)
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|Pfeilspitze
	\|		\|tip of the arrow
	\|		\|(γ Sge)
	\|Lib ~~II Cap V §10~~		\|Lib ... Chap ...
	\|~~rising, east, first~~		\|setting Lup, culm, last
	\|		\|Cap 5.5
	\|-
	\|
	\|
	\|
	\|
	\|
	~~\|Lib II Cap V §10~~
	~~\|rising~~, ~~east~~, last
	\|
	\|-
	\|
	\|
	\|
	\|
	\|
	~~\|Lib II~~ Cap ~~VI §2~~
	~~\|setting CrB, south, last~~
	~~\|Psc 13~~.5
	\|-
	\|
	\|
	\|
	\|
	\|
	~~\|Lib II Cap VI §13~~
	~~\|setting Aql, south, first~~
	~~\|Ari 2~~
	\|-
	\|
	\|
	\|
	\|
	\|
	~~\|Lib III Cap I §9~~
	~~\|rising Ori, south, last~~
	~~\|Psc 13~~
	\|}		\|}

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:07, 20 May 2026
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	File:Aql+sge mainz.jpg\|Sagitta in the claws of The Eagle, pointing northwards, on the Mainz Globe (2nd century CE).		File:Aql+sge mainz.jpg\|Sagitta in the claws of The Eagle, pointing northwards, on the Mainz Globe (2nd century CE).
	File:Aratea 54v and 55r.jpg\|Sagitta in the Leiden Aratea (830)		File:Aratea 54v and 55r.jpg\|Sagitta in the Leiden Aratea (830)
			File:Sagitta Uranometria.jpg\|Sagitta in Bayer (1603)
	File:1776 - John Flamsteed - L'Aigle, Antinous, La Fleche, Le Renard, Le Dauphin (Aquila, Sagitta, Vulpecula & Anser Delphinus).jpg\|Sagitta in Flamsteed (1776)		File:1776 - John Flamsteed - L'Aigle, Antinous, La Fleche, Le Renard, Le Dauphin (Aquila, Sagitta, Vulpecula & Anser Delphinus).jpg\|Sagitta in Flamsteed (1776)
	File:Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Delphinus, Sagitta, Aquila, and Antinous.jpg\|Sagitta in Sidney Hall (1822), Urania's Mirror		File:Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Delphinus, Sagitta, Aquila, and Antinous.jpg\|Sagitta in Sidney Hall (1822), Urania's Mirror