Sagittarius - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-26T15:13:58Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:13, 26 August 2026
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	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====
	Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 85-87)<blockquote>'''Var. 1 (Περὶ τοῦ Τοξότου)''': This is the figure holding the bow, whom most people regard as a centaur, though others dispute this, arguing that no centaur uses a bow; he is indeed a man, but with horse’s legs and a tail like that of the satyrs. The Archer has two stars on his head, one on his right elbow, one on his hands, one shining on his stomach, two on his back, one on his front knee, one on his foot, one on his back knee, one on his hoof, two on the bow and one on the sheepskin. Fourteen.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2 (Τοξότου)''': This is the Archer whom most people regard as a Centaur, a view contested by others, who argue that he is not shown with four legs, but is standing and shooting a bow; yet no Centaur has ever used a bow; he is indeed a man, but with horse’s legs and a tail like that of the Satyrs. This is why it seems implausible to the people in question that he is a Centaur, and more likely that he is Crotos (Clapping), the son of Euphemia (Renown), the nurse of the Muses, who lived and stayed on Helicon.</blockquote><blockquote>The Muses ensured that he discovered the use of the bow and could obtain his food from wild beasts, as Sositheus relates. He had become intimately acquainted with the Muses and attended their performances, and he approved of them by marking the beat with cheers.</blockquote><blockquote>Indeed, he would clap his hands to mark the off-beat of their singing; so, seeing him do this, the other men began to do the same. That is why the Muses, when they tasted the charm of fame, thanks to his support, asked Zeus to reveal to all the fervour of this figure, and thus he was placed amongst the constellations, in recognition of that hand gesture he had made, adopting the posture of the archer as his distinctive mark. His gesture was perpetuated amongst men. Furthermore, the presence of the Boat indicates that he will be visible to everyone: not only to men on land, but also to those at sea; hence the error of those who depict him as a Centaur.</blockquote><blockquote>The Archer has two stars on his head, two on the bow, two on the tip of the arrow, one on his right elbow, one on his hand, one shining on his belly, two on his back, one on his tail, one on the front knee, one on the hoof, and one on the back knee. Fifteen in all.</blockquote><blockquote>The seven stars of the Boat are located beneath his paw. They resemble hind legs, but the latter are not visible at all.</blockquote>		Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 85-87)<blockquote>'''Var. 1 (Περὶ τοῦ Τοξότου)''': This is the figure holding the bow, whom most people regard as a centaur, though others dispute this, arguing that no centaur uses a bow; he is indeed a man, but with horse’s legs and a tail like that of the satyrs. The Archer has two stars on his head, one on his right elbow, one on his hands, one shining on his stomach, two on his back, one on his front knee, one on his foot, one on his back knee, one on his hoof, two on the bow and one on the sheepskin. Fourteen.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2 (Τοξότου)''': This is the Archer whom most people regard as a Centaur, a view contested by others, who argue that he is not shown with four legs, but is standing and shooting a bow; yet no Centaur has ever used a bow; he is indeed a man, but with horse’s legs and a tail like that of the Satyrs. This is why it seems implausible to the people in question that he is a Centaur, and more likely that he is Crotos (Clapping), the son of Euphemia (Renown), the nurse of the Muses, who lived and stayed on Helicon.</blockquote><blockquote>The Muses ensured that he discovered the use of the bow and could obtain his food from wild beasts, as Sositheus relates. He had become intimately acquainted with the Muses and attended their performances, and he approved of them by marking the beat with cheers.</blockquote><blockquote>Indeed, he would clap his hands to mark the off-beat of their singing; so, seeing him do this, the other men began to do the same. That is why the Muses, when they tasted the charm of fame, thanks to his support, asked Zeus to reveal to all the fervour of this figure, and thus he was placed amongst the constellations, in recognition of that hand gesture he had made, adopting the posture of the archer as his distinctive mark. His gesture was perpetuated amongst men. Furthermore, the presence of the Boat indicates that he will be visible to everyone: not only to men on land, but also to those at sea; hence the error of those who depict him as a Centaur.</blockquote><blockquote>The Archer has two stars on his head, two on the bow, two on the tip of the arrow, one on his right elbow, one on his hand, one shining on his belly, two on his back, one on his tail, one on the front knee, one on the hoof, and one on the back knee. Fifteen in all.</blockquote><blockquote>The seven stars of the Boat are located beneath his paw. They resemble hind legs, but the latter are not visible at all.</blockquote>'''Eratosthenes's star catalogue''' can be reconstructed from the list of stars he mentions in the last section of each of the constelllation descriptions. Hoffmann (2017)<ref name=":02">Hoffmann, S. M., <nowiki><i>Hipparchs Himmelsglobus</i></nowiki>. Springer Wiesbaden/ New York, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8.</ref> made such a catalogue and used it for computational comparison with Hipparchus's, Ptolemy's and Babylonian data; it is based on the edition and translation by Pamias and Geus (2007)<ref>Eratosthenes: Sternsagen, übersetzt von Pamìas, Jordi und Geus, Klaus, Verlag Utopica, Oberhaid 2007</ref> and presented here in English translation.

	{\|class="wikitable"		{\|class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+

Sushoff: /* Stars Mentioned */

2026-08-26T13:10:33Z

Stars Mentioned

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Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-24T20:31:11Z

Eratosthenes

@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 ===== Eratosthenes =====
 Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 85-87)<blockquote>'''Var. 1 (Περὶ τοῦ Τοξότου)''': This is the figure holding the bow, whom most people regard as a centaur, though others dispute this, arguing that no centaur uses a bow; he is indeed a man, but with horse’s legs and a tail like that of the satyrs. The Archer has two stars on his head, one on his right elbow, one on his hands, one shining on his stomach, two on his back, one on his front knee, one on his foot, one on his back knee, one on his hoof, two on the bow and one on the sheepskin. Fourteen.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2 (Τοξότου)''': This is the Archer whom most people regard as a Centaur, a view contested by others, who argue that he is not shown with four legs, but is standing and shooting a bow; yet no Centaur has ever used a bow; he is indeed a man, but with horse’s legs and a tail like that of the Satyrs. This is why it seems implausible to the people in question that he is a Centaur, and more likely that he is Crotos (Clapping), the son of Euphemia (Renown), the nurse of the Muses, who lived and stayed on Helicon.</blockquote><blockquote>The Muses ensured that he discovered the use of the bow and could obtain his food from wild beasts, as Sositheus relates. He had become intimately acquainted with the Muses and attended their performances, and he approved of them by marking the beat with cheers.</blockquote><blockquote>Indeed, he would clap his hands to mark the off-beat of their singing; so, seeing him do this, the other men began to do the same. That is why the Muses, when they tasted the charm of fame, thanks to his support, asked Zeus to reveal to all the fervour of this figure, and thus he was placed amongst the constellations, in recognition of that hand gesture he had made, adopting the posture of the archer as his distinctive mark. His gesture was perpetuated amongst men. Furthermore, the presence of the Boat indicates that he will be visible to everyone: not only to men on land, but also to those at sea; hence the error of those who depict him as a Centaur.</blockquote><blockquote>The Archer has two stars on his head, two on the bow, two on the tip of the arrow, one on his right elbow, one on his hand, one shining on his belly, two on his back, one on his tail, one on the front knee, one on the hoof, and one on the back knee. Fifteen in all.</blockquote><blockquote>The seven stars of the Boat are located beneath his paw. They resemble hind legs, but the latter are not visible at all.</blockquote>
 ===== Hipparchus =====

Sushoff: /* Egyptian */

2026-08-21T11:57:16Z

Egyptian

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:57, 21 August 2026
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	File:Sgr DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Sagittarius; rectangular zodiac of Dendera		File:Sgr DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Sagittarius; rectangular zodiac of Dendera
	File:Sgr DenderaCirc Louvre.JPG\|Sgr, circular zodiac of Dendera (CC BY [https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010028871 Musée du Louvre, Département des Antiquités égyptiennes])		File:Sgr DenderaCirc Louvre.JPG\|Sgr, circular zodiac of Dendera (CC BY [https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010028871 Musée du Louvre, Département des Antiquités égyptiennes])
			File:Sgr inv smh.jpg\|Sagittarius in the round zodiac of Dendera, Egypt, with two boats beneath his feet (CC BY WGSN 2026).
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Sushoff: /* Egyptian */

2026-08-04T17:59:54Z

Egyptian

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:59, 4 August 2026
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	In Ptolemaic times (1st century BCE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>		In Ptolemaic times (1st century BCE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>
	File:Sgr DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Sagittarius; rectangular zodiac of Dendera		File:Sgr DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Sagittarius; rectangular zodiac of Dendera
			File:Sgr DenderaCirc Louvre.JPG\|Sgr, circular zodiac of Dendera (CC BY [https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010028871 Musée du Louvre, Département des Antiquités égyptiennes])
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Sushoff: /* Greco-Roman */

2026-08-04T11:23:32Z

Greco-Roman

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:23, 4 August 2026
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	==== Greco-Roman ====		==== Greco-Roman ====

			===== Egyptian =====
			In Ptolemaic times (1st century BCE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>
			File:Sgr DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Sagittarius; rectangular zodiac of Dendera
			</gallery>

	===== Aratus =====		===== Aratus =====

Sushoff: /* Aratus */

2026-08-01T18:45:25Z

Aratus

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:45, 1 August 2026
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	===== Aratus =====		===== Aratus =====
	<blockquote>[300] After much suffering at sea even in the previous month, when the sun inflames the bow and the Drawer of the bow, you should put ashore in the evening and not continue to trust the night. A sign of that season and that month will be the rising of the Scorpion at the end of night. [305] The Archer actually draws his great bow near the sting; the rising Scorpion stands a little ahead of him, and he then rises shortly after. At that time the head of Cynosura runs very high up at the end of night, and just before dawn Orion sets entirely, and Cepheus from hand to waist. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote>		<blockquote>[300] After much suffering at sea even in the previous month, when the sun inflames the bow and the Drawer of the bow, you should put ashore in the evening and not continue to trust the night. A sign of that season and that month will be the rising of the Scorpion at the end of night. [305] The Archer actually draws his great bow near the sting; the rising Scorpion stands a little ahead of him, and he then rises shortly after. At that time the head of Cynosura runs very high up at the end of night, and just before dawn Orion sets entirely, and Cepheus from hand to waist. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote>Another paragraph, Kidd (1997) interprets as the constellation Centaurus but it describes Sagittarius, a centaur with bow and arrow, next to The Water (in Cetus/ Aquarius), and a "circled ring" or "wheel of Ixion" below his feet:<blockquote>[400] This cluster as a whole men call The Water. But others low beneath the forefeet of the Archer (Centaur) <s>[Centaurus]</s>, a tuned in a circled ring, go wheeling round the sky.</blockquote>

	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====

Sushoff at 08:20, 29 July 2026

2026-07-29T08:20:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:20, 29 July 2026
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	\| cat = Almagest constellation		\| cat = Almagest constellation
	}}		}}
	One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]]. Originally, it depicted the Mesopotamian god Pabilsaĝ ([[PA.BIL.SAG]]), a god of agriculture and war, later equated with Ninurta and depicted as a mixed creature of a human body attaced to horse body with wings and an additional scorpion tail. This complex image was simplified in Greek reception, and there drawn as a centaur.		One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]]. Originally, it depicted the Mesopotamian god Pabilsaĝ ([[PA.BIL.SAG]]), a god of agriculture and war, later equated with Ninurta and depicted as a mixed creature of a human body attaced to horse body with wings and an additional scorpion tail. This complex image was simplified in Greek reception, and there drawn as a centaur. From time to time, it formed a super-constellation with the stars of [[Corona Australis]] drawn as boat or ring or wheel at the Archer's foot or hoof, but CrA has been regarded as separate constellation since Roman time (see Geminos, Hyginus, Ptolemy's Almagest).

	==Etymology and History==		==Etymology and History==

Sushoff at 08:17, 29 July 2026

2026-07-29T08:17:13Z

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ----
 [[File:Sagittarius IAU.svg|alt=star chart|thumb|Sgr star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
 One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations|88 IAU constellations]]. Originally, it depicted the Mesopotamian god Pabilsaĝ ([[PA.BIL.SAG]]), a god of agriculture and war, later equated with Ninurta and depicted as a mixed creature of a human body attaced to horse body with wings and an additional scorpion tail. This complex image was simplified in Greek reception, and there drawn as a centaur.

IanRidpath: Filling in missing ID numbers

2026-07-24T16:51:00Z

Filling in missing ID numbers

Show changes