Scorpius - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-26T15:14:27Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:14, 26 August 2026
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	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====
	Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 23-24)<blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 1:''' Given its large size, it can be divided into two dodecatamories. The pincers occupy one sign, and the body and stinger another. Artemis, it is said, made it rise from the summit of the island of Chios so that it could sting Orion and the latter would die, because Orion, in defiance of everything, had tried to rape the goddess during a hunt. Zeus placed Scorpius among the brilliant constellations, so that men of later generations would know its power and its effects. Scorpius has two stars on each claw - those in front are large, those behind are dim - three on the forehead - one of which is bright, the middle one - three bright stars on the back, two on the belly, five on the tail and two on the sting. These stars are led by the most beautiful of all, the bright star on the northern pincer. In all, nineteen.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2:''' Given its large size, it can be divided into two dodecatamories. The claws occupy one sign, and the body and stinger another. Orion is thought to have been killed by Gè, because he had proclaimed before Artemis that no beast would escape him; this sign appears as a symbol of the event. It is said that he stung Orion and that Orion died. Zeus placed Scorpius among the constellations because it was an extraordinary work of Gè, so that future generations would know its stature and power. know its stature and power. Scorpius has two stars on each of its claws - those in front are large and the other two are dim - and three on its forehead. three on the forehead - one of which is bright, the middle one three bright stars on the back, two on the belly, five on the tail, and two shiny ones on the sting. In all, there were nineteen. (Pamias and Zucker 2013)</blockquote>In "Var. 1" an additional sentence reports the brightest star on the northern pincer. This is likely a misinterpretation of a star chart with Saturn drawn at its hypsoma in Libra (i.e. the claws of Scorpius).<ref>Hoffmann, Susanne M (2017). Hipparchs Himmelsglobus – Ein Bindeglied in der babylonisch-griechischen Astrometrie?, [http://www.springer.com/de/book/9783658186821 Springer Research], Wiesbaden, New York, 2017, </ref>		Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 23-24)<blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 1:''' Given its large size, it can be divided into two dodecatamories. The pincers occupy one sign, and the body and stinger another. Artemis, it is said, made it rise from the summit of the island of Chios so that it could sting Orion and the latter would die, because Orion, in defiance of everything, had tried to rape the goddess during a hunt. Zeus placed Scorpius among the brilliant constellations, so that men of later generations would know its power and its effects. Scorpius has two stars on each claw - those in front are large, those behind are dim - three on the forehead - one of which is bright, the middle one - three bright stars on the back, two on the belly, five on the tail and two on the sting. These stars are led by the most beautiful of all, the bright star on the northern pincer. In all, nineteen.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2:''' Given its large size, it can be divided into two dodecatamories. The claws occupy one sign, and the body and stinger another. Orion is thought to have been killed by Gè, because he had proclaimed before Artemis that no beast would escape him; this sign appears as a symbol of the event. It is said that he stung Orion and that Orion died. Zeus placed Scorpius among the constellations because it was an extraordinary work of Gè, so that future generations would know its stature and power. know its stature and power. Scorpius has two stars on each of its claws - those in front are large and the other two are dim - and three on its forehead. three on the forehead - one of which is bright, the middle one three bright stars on the back, two on the belly, five on the tail, and two shiny ones on the sting. In all, there were nineteen. (Pamias and Zucker 2013)</blockquote>In "Var. 1" an additional sentence reports the brightest star on the northern pincer. This is likely a misinterpretation of a star chart with Saturn drawn at its hypsoma in Libra (i.e. the claws of Scorpius).<ref>Hoffmann, Susanne M (2017). Hipparchs Himmelsglobus – Ein Bindeglied in der babylonisch-griechischen Astrometrie?, [http://www.springer.com/de/book/9783658186821 Springer Research], Wiesbaden, New York, 2017, </ref>

			'''Eratosthenes's star catalogue''' can be reconstructed from the list of stars he mentions in the last section of each of the constelllation descriptions. Hoffmann (2017)<ref name=":02">Hoffmann, S. M., <nowiki><i>Hipparchs Himmelsglobus</i></nowiki>. Springer Wiesbaden/ New York, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8.</ref> made such a catalogue and used it for computational comparison with Hipparchus's, Ptolemy's and Babylonian data; it is based on the edition and translation by Pamias and Geus (2007)<ref>Eratosthenes: Sternsagen, übersetzt von Pamìas, Jordi und Geus, Klaus, Verlag Utopica, Oberhaid 2007</ref> and presented here in English translation.

	{\|class="wikitable"		{\|class="wikitable"

Sushoff: /* Stars Mentioned */

2026-08-26T14:13:41Z

Stars Mentioned

Show changes

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-24T20:33:54Z

Eratosthenes

Show changes

Sushoff: /* Egyptian */

2026-08-04T17:58:53Z

Egyptian

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 4 August 2026
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	In Ptolemaic times (1st century BCE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>		In Ptolemaic times (1st century BCE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>
	File:Sco DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Scorpius; rectangular zodiac of Dendera		File:Sco DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Scorpius; rectangular zodiac of Dendera
			File:Sco DenderaCirc Louvre.JPG\|Scorpius, circular zodiac of Dendera (CC BY [https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010028871 Musée du Louvre, Département des Antiquités égyptiennes])
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Sushoff: /* Egyptian */

2026-08-04T11:21:06Z

Egyptian

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:21, 4 August 2026
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	===== Egyptian =====		===== Egyptian =====
	In Ptolemaic times (1st century CE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>		In Ptolemaic times (1st century BCE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>
	File:Sco DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Scorpius; rectangular zodiac of Dendera		File:Sco DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Scorpius; rectangular zodiac of Dendera
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Sushoff: /* Greco-Roman */

2026-08-04T11:20:04Z

Greco-Roman

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 4 August 2026
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	==== Greco-Roman ====		==== Greco-Roman ====

			===== Egyptian =====
			In Ptolemaic times (1st century CE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>
			File:Sco DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Scorpius; rectangular zodiac of Dendera
			</gallery>

	===== Aratos =====		===== Aratos =====

Sushoff at 08:15, 29 July 2026

2026-07-29T08:15:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:15, 29 July 2026
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	\| cat = Almagest constellation		\| cat = Almagest constellation
	}}		}}
	One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]]. In contemporary history it was adopted from Ptolemy's Almagest (c. 137 CE) but this classical constellation has Babylonian roots (cf. [[GIR2.TAB\|GÍR.TAB]]) The Italian form "Scorpio" is frequently used in astrology-pop culture but the Latin form "Scorpius" (a Greek loanword) is the name of both constellation and zodiac sign.		One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations\|88 IAU constellations]]. In contemporary history it was adopted from Ptolemy's Almagest (c. 137 CE) but this classical constellation has Babylonian roots (cf. [[GIR2.TAB\|GÍR.TAB]]). The Italian form "Scorpio" is frequently used in astrology-pop culture but the Latin form "Scorpius" (a Greek loanword) is the name of both constellation and zodiac sign.

	The southern part of the constellation, i.e. the tail and sting of the scorpion, extend very far south from the ecliptic. Essentially, only the claws and head lie within the zodiac. Since the claws were split off and renamed, Scorpius now covers only about 5° of the ecliptic, even though the zodiac signs are supposed to be 30° long. The Sun therefore does not remain in this constellation for a month, but only for about 5 days (24 to 29 November).<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>		The southern part of the constellation, i.e. the tail and sting of the scorpion, extend very far south from the ecliptic. Essentially, only the claws and head lie within the zodiac. Since the claws were split off and renamed, Scorpius now covers only about 5° of the ecliptic, even though the zodiac signs are supposed to be 30° long. The Sun therefore does not remain in this constellation for a month, but only for about 5 days (24 to 29 November).<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>

Sushoff at 08:14, 29 July 2026

2026-07-29T08:14:11Z

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 [[File:Scorpius IAU.svg|alt=star chart|thumb|Sco star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
 [[File:Skopion xs.jpg|thumb|a scorpion in the Sahara desert (2007).]]
 One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations|88 IAU constellations]]. In contemporary history it was adopted from Ptolemy's Almagest (c. 137 CE) but this classical constellation has Babylonian roots (cf. [[GIR2.TAB|GÍR.TAB]]) The Italian form "Scorpio" is frequently used in astrology-pop culture but the Latin form "Scorpius" (a Greek loanword) is the name of both constellation and zodiac sign.

IanRidpath: No space after M in Messier numbers

2026-07-24T16:53:05Z

No space after M in Messier numbers

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:53, 24 July 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|41		\|41
	\|~~M 4~~		\|M4
	\|~~M 4~~		\|M4
	\|Inside the hull		\|Inside the hull
	\|5.4		\|5.4

IanRidpath: Superscripts, copy edit, added link

2026-07-22T20:35:28Z

Superscripts, copy edit, added link

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:35, 22 July 2026
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	\|ὁ φότιος αὐτῶν		\|ὁ φότιος αὐτῶν
	\|The southernmost of these		\|The southernmost of these
	\|~~ome1~~ + ~~ome2~~ Sco		\|ome<sup>1</sup> + ome<sup>2</sup> Sco
	\|-		\|-
	\|7		\|7
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	\|ὁ μετὰ τοῦτον ἐν τῷ β’ σπονδύλῳ		\|ὁ μετὰ τοῦτον ἐν τῷ β’ σπονδύλῳ
	\|The one after this, in the 2nd joint		\|The one after this, in the 2nd joint
	\|~~mu1~~ + ~~mu2~~ Sco		\|mu<sup>1</sup> + mu<sup>2</sup> Sco
	\|-		\|-
	\|14		\|14
	\|τοῦ ἐν τῷ γ’ σπονδύλῳ διπλοῦ ὁ βόρειος.		\|τοῦ ἐν τῷ γ’ σπονδύλῳ διπλοῦ ὁ βόρειος.
	\|The northern star of the double-star in the 3rd joint		\|The northern star of the double-star in the 3rd joint
	\|~~zet2~~ Sco		\|zet<sup>2</sup> Sco
	\|-		\|-
	\|15		\|15
	\|ὁ νοτιώτερος τοῦ διπλοῦ		\|ὁ νοτιώτερος τοῦ διπλοῦ
	\|The southern star of the double-star		\|The southern star of the double-star
	\|~~zet1~~ Sco		\|zet<sup>1</sup> Sco
	\|-		\|-
	\|16		\|16
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	\|ὁ ἔτι ἐφεξῆς ἐν τῷ ς’ σπουδύλῳ		\|ὁ ἔτι ἐφεξῆς ἐν τῷ ς’ σπουδύλῳ
	\|The next one again, in the 6th joint		\|The next one again, in the 6th joint
	\|~~iot1~~ Sco		\|iot<sup>1</sup> Sco
	\|-		\|-
	\|19		\|19
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	\|-		\|-
	\|14		\|14
	\|ι 1 Scorpii		\|ι<sup>1</sup> Scorpii
	\|HIP 87073		\|HIP 87073
	\|Constellation lines (Vertex)		\|Constellation lines (Vertex)
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	\|-		\|-
	\|19		\|19
	\|ζ 2 Scorpii		\|ζ<sup>2</sup> Scorpii
	\|HIP 82729		\|HIP 82729
	\|Constellation lines (Vertex)		\|Constellation lines (Vertex)
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	\|-		\|-
	\|21		\|21
	\|ω 1 Scorpii		\|ω<sup>1</sup> Scorpii
	\|HIP 78933		\|HIP 78933
	\|Inside the hull		\|Inside the hull
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	\|-		\|-
	\|26		\|26
	\|ω 2 Scorpii		\|ω<sup>2</sup> Scorpii
	\|HIP 78990		\|HIP 78990
	\|Inside the hull		\|Inside the hull
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	===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===		===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===
	As ~~Scorpius~~ are ~~also~~ widespread in the Mediterranean region and the constellation is characterised by relatively clear outlines, hardly any changes have occurred over the millennia - with the exception of the occasional reinterpretation of its northern parts ([[Libra]]).		As scorpions are widespread in the Mediterranean region and the constellation is characterised by relatively clear outlines, hardly any changes have occurred over the millennia – with the exception of the occasional reinterpretation of its northern parts ([[Libra]]).

	==== Scorpius in the Zodiac ====		==== Scorpius in the Zodiac ====
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	* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017066 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Scorpio (sic)]		* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017066 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Scorpio (sic)]
			* Ian Ridpath's ''Star Tales'' – [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/scorpius.html Scorpius]

	==References==		==References==