TE8.mušen - Revision history

Sushoff at 13:08, 29 July 2026

2026-07-29T13:08:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:08, 29 July 2026
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	* (2) Dates of heliacal risings, see (Kurtik u06) [[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]].		* (2) Dates of heliacal risings, see (Kurtik u06) [[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]].
	* (3) Simultaneous daily risings and settings:		* (3) Simultaneous daily risings and settings:
	** a) <sup>mul</sup>KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup> <sup>d</sup>MUŠ ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA KUR<sup>me</sup>-''nim-ma'' / <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> ŠU<sub>2</sub><sup>meš</sup> "The Arrow, the Snake, and the Lion rise, and the Great One and the Eagle set" (I iii 17-18),		** a) (I iii 17-18)
	** b) <sup>mul</sup>UD. KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> KUR<sup>meš</sup>-''ma'' / <sup>mul</sup>MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR ŠU<sub>2</sub><sup>meš</sup> "The Demon with the Gaping Mouth and the Eagle rise, and the Great Twins and the Small Twins set" ~~(I iii 29-30) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 33, 44-45, 48, 51]~~.		*** <sup>mul</sup>KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup> <sup>d</sup>MUŠ ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA KUR<sup>me</sup>-''nim-ma'' / <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> ŠU<sub>2</sub><sup>meš</sup>
			*** "The Arrow, the Snake, and the Lion rise, and the Great One and the Eagle set",
			** b) (I iii 29-30) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 33, 44-45, 48, 51]
			*** <sup>mul</sup>UD. KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> KUR<sup>meš</sup>-''ma'' / <sup>mul</sup>MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR ŠU<sub>2</sub><sup>meš</sup>
			*** "The Demon with the Gaping Mouth and the Eagle rise, and the Great Twins and the Small Twins set".
	\|The Eagle and The Corpse are listed together, and in one line (opened with DIŠ) with the asterism of the god Zababa. They are three separate asterisms, each one determined with "mul", but they appear to be considered a unit of sense here.		\|The Eagle and The Corpse are listed together, and in one line (opened with DIŠ) with the asterism of the god Zababa. They are three separate asterisms, each one determined with "mul", but they appear to be considered a unit of sense here.
	While the image of Zababa roughly matches the modern constellation Oph, The Corpse could be placed in Aql, in Del, or in between them and Oph.		While the image of Zababa roughly matches the modern constellation Oph, The Corpse could be placed in Aql, in Del, or in between them and Oph.
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	\|'''"The Great Star List.'''		\|'''"The Great Star List.'''
	* (1) List of names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>ti<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> = <sup>d</sup>min(= ''ṣal-bat-a-nu'');		* (1) List of names of Mars:
			** <sup>mul</sup>ti<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> = <sup>d</sup>min(= ''ṣal-bat-a-nu'');
	* (2) 12 stars of Akkad: <sup>mul</sup>ti<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>;		* (2) 12 stars of Akkad: <sup>mul</sup>ti<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>;
	* (3) 7 ''lumāšu''-stars: <sup>mul</sup>ti<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":6">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App.B:97, 212, 228].		* (3) 7 ''lumāšu''-stars:
			** <sup>mul</sup>ti<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":6">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App.B:97, 212, 228].
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	\| '''GU-text'''.		\| '''GU-text'''.

	* (T) SA<sub>4</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> "Brilliant Star of the Eagle (α Aql)" [Pingree and Walker<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:31], see (Kurtik u31) [[UZ3\|UZ<sub>3</sub>]].		* (T)
			** SA<sub>4</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup>
			** "Brilliant Star of the Eagle (α Aql)"
			** [Pingree and Walker<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:31], see (Kurtik u31) [[UZ3\|UZ<sub>3</sub>]].
	\|The identification found in MUL.APIN still applies<ref>Pingree, D. & Walker, C. (1988), A Babylonian Star-Catalogue:BM 78161, Vol. 9, Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund, Philadelphia (USA), pp. 313--322.</ref><ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin, 193-204</ref>		\|The identification found in MUL.APIN still applies<ref>Pingree, D. & Walker, C. (1988), A Babylonian Star-Catalogue:BM 78161, Vol. 9, Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund, Philadelphia (USA), pp. 313--322.</ref><ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin, 193-204</ref>
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	\| '''Dalbanna-text.'''		\| '''Dalbanna-text.'''
	* §r. <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> <sup>mul</sup>suḫur.maš<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag 3 mul.meš...		* §r.
			** <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> <sup>mul</sup>suḫur.maš<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag 3 mul.meš...
	** "Eagle, Goat-Fish and the sting of Pabilsag, 3 stars ..."		** "Eagle, Goat-Fish and the sting of Pabilsag, 3 stars ..."
	* §y.		* §y.

Sushoff: /* Sources and Identification(s) */

2026-07-29T12:43:22Z

Sources and Identification(s)

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:43, 29 July 2026
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	[Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 2; Borger 1978<ref>''Borger R''. Assyrish-babylonische Zeichenliste. Kevelaer: Butzon und Bercker; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1978.</ref> 139, Nr. 334; Labat 137]; constellation within the modern Eagle ([[Aquila]]).		[Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 2; Borger 1978<ref>''Borger R''. Assyrish-babylonische Zeichenliste. Kevelaer: Butzon und Bercker; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1978.</ref> 139, Nr. 334; Labat 137]; constellation within the modern Eagle ([[Aquila]]).

	Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref name=":8">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> mention that the translation "eagle" is not certain for all times, as historical languages might not have distinguished between different birds of prey. Hence, it could also be a vulture, at least in some variants:<blockquote>'''TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>''' = ''erû'' “eagle” (also “vulture”?). <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> (~~AN 18–19r~~).</blockquote>This option is in particular interesting with regard to the deity associated with TI<sub>8</sub> in MUL.APIN, the warlike god Zababa:<ref name=":8" /><blockquote>'''''Zababa''.''' Warlike god, city god of Kish, identified with Ninurta. MUL <sup>d</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> (~~AN 18–19l~~).</blockquote>		Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref name=":8">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> mention that the translation "eagle" is not certain for all times, as historical languages might not have distinguished between different birds of prey. Hence, it could also be a vulture, at least in some variants:<blockquote>'''TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>''' = ''erû'' “eagle” (also “vulture”?). <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> (explanatory list:<ref name=":8" /> Anu 18–19right).</blockquote>This option is in particular interesting with regard to the deity associated with TI<sub>8</sub> in MUL.APIN, the warlike god Zababa:<ref name=":8" /><blockquote>'''''Zababa''.''' Warlike god, city god of Kish, identified with Ninurta. MUL <sup>d</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> (explanatory list:<ref name=":8" /> Anu 18–19left).</blockquote>

	==== Sources and Identification(s) ====		==== Sources and Identification(s) ====
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	\|'''Three Stars Each (Astrolabe Group) ~~- need to decide on title for this???~~'''		\|'''Three Stars Each (Astrolabe Group)'''
	Horowitz 2014: 248		Horowitz 2014: 248 '''"Astrolabes"'''
	'''"Astrolabes"'''		* (1) Menology (Horowitz 2014: 91-95): Astrolabe B:
	* <s>thṬebetu, the stars of Enlil, 35 [Pinches<ref>''Pinches T.G.'' Review of R.Brown. Researches into the Origin of the Primitive Constellations of the Greeks, Phoenicians, and Babylonians. Vol. 2. London, 1900 // JRAS. 1900. P. 571-577.</ref> 575].</s>		** <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>l</sup><sup>mul</sup>te<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> = ''e-ru-u'' <sup>d</sup>Za.b[a<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub>]: <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>te<sub>8</sub><sup>[mušen</sup> . . .<sup>]</sup>
	* Menology (Horowitz 2014: 91-95): Astrolabe B:		** "month Šabaṭu, Eagle, Zababa",
	** <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>l</sup><sup>mul</sup>te<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> = ''e-ru-u'' <sup>d</sup>Za.b[a<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub>]: <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>te<sub>8</sub><sup>[mušen</sup> . . .<sup>]</sup> "month Šabaṭu, Eagle, Zababa" <s>(A iii 25, 30); for a parallel see. [Çağirgan<ref>''Çağirgan G''. Three More Duplicates to Astrolabe B // Belleten. 1985. Vol. XLVIII, № 191-192. Р. 399-416.</ref> 407:58], see also [BPO 2<ref name=":2" /> 82; Emelyanov 1999<ref>''Емельянов В.В''. Ниппурский календарь и ранняя история Зодиака. СПб: "Петербургское Востоковедение", ~~1999.</ref> 129].</s>~~		* (2) Star-Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 105, Enlil 8): Astrolabe B:
	** (2) Star-Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 105, Enlil 8): Astrolabe B: mul ''ša ina'' IGI''-it'' <sup>mul</sup>[UZ<sub>3</sub>] / GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>TE<sub>8</sub><sup>m[ušen]</sup> "The constellation that stands ahead of it (i.e., ahead of <sup>mul</sup>uz<sub>3</sub> "the Goat"), the Eagle" (B iii 17-18).		** mul ''ša ina'' IGI''-it'' <sup>mul</sup>[UZ<sub>3</sub>] / GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>TE<sub>8</sub><sup>m[ušen]</sup>
	** (3) Month-Star list (Horowitz 2014: 195)		** "The constellation that stands ahead of it (i.e., ahead of <sup>mul</sup>uz<sub>3</sub> "the Goat"), the Eagle" (B iii 17-18).
	** <s>(3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ab] ... <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> ''šu''[-''ut'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub>] "[The month of Ṭebetu:] the Eagle (rises in the path of) [Enlil] ()" (C iii 10); parallel: ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ab <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> ''e-ru''-[''u''<sub>2</sub>] "In the month of Ṭebetu, the Eagle [rises]" [~~BPO 2<ref name=":2" />~~, XI 7].</s>		* (3) Month-Star list (Horowitz 2014: 195)
	** (4) Lists of Rising and Setting Stars (rise in Tebetu, Month X), set in Du'uzu (Month IV), Horowitz 2014: 160-166).		** <s>(3´12):</s>
	** <s>-sunset=6m): sunrise is Tebetu, sunset is Duuzu [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, C 31, 20], see (g27) [[GU.LA]].</s>		*** <s>[<sup>iti</sup>ab] ... <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> ''šu''[-''ut'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub>]</s>
	* BM 82923. The month Ṭebetu, the stars of Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>te<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> = ''e-ru-u'' <sup>m</sup> // 35 // UR.SAG <sup>d</sup>''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "Eagle // 35 // Hero among the Igigi". [Horowitz 2014: 142-143, Walker and Hunger<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref> 30:30].		*** <s>"[The month of Ṭebetu:] the Eagle (rises in the path of) [Enlil] " (C iii 10);</s>
	* <s>BM 34713. The month of Šabaṭu, the stars of Enlil [~~LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1499:11~~], see (Kurtik n49) [[NU.MUŠ.DA]]</s>.		** <s>parallel:</s>
	* CT 33 9~~, NV 10, and parallels~~		*** <s>''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ab <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> ''e-ru''-[''u''<sub>2</sub>]</s>
	* CT 33 9 rev. 13' (Anu 12), NV 10: 18: '''~~Janet~~ add entry??''' (Fincke 2025: 67) LBAT 1502: 5, 16 (Fincke 2025: 70-71).		*** <s>"In the month of Ṭebetu, the Eagle [rises]" [, XI 7].</s>
			* (4) Lists of Rising and Setting Stars
			** rise in Tebetu, Month X,
			** set in Du'uzu (Month IV), Horowitz 2014: 160-166).
			* BM 82923. The month Ṭebetu, the stars of Enlil:
			** <sup>mul</sup>te<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> = ''e-ru-u'' <sup>m</sup> // 35 // UR.SAG <sup>d</sup>''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>
			** "Eagle // 35 // Hero among the Igigi". [Horowitz 2014: 142-143, Walker and Hunger<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref> 30:30].
			* <s>BM 34713. The month of Šabaṭu, the stars of Enlil [], see (Kurtik n49) [[NU.MUŠ.DA]]</s>.
			* CT 33 9<ref name=":5">''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> rev. 13' (Anu 12), Nv 10: 18:
			** '''Jan add entry??'''
			** (Fincke 2025: 67), LBAT 1502: 5, 16 (Fincke 2025: 70-71).
	* See previously Horowitz 2014: 220, Donbaz and Koch 1995: 64, 66, 69.		* See previously Horowitz 2014: 220, Donbaz and Koch 1995: 64, 66, 69.
	*		*Older Literature in Kurtik (2022):
	*		**[Pinches<ref>''Pinches T.G.'' Review of R.Brown. Researches into the Origin of the Primitive Constellations of the Greeks, Phoenicians, and Babylonians. Vol. 2. London, 1900 // JRAS. 1900. P. 571-577.</ref> 575, BPO 2<ref name=":2" />, Horowitz 1998<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref>, TCL 6<ref>Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see. TU.</ref>, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA. 1987. Bd. 77. S. 207-228.</ref> 212, Çağirgan<ref>''Çağirgan G''. Three More Duplicates to Astrolabe B // Belleten. 1985. Vol. XLVIII, № 191-192. Р. 399-416.</ref> 407:58, BPO 2<ref name=":2" /> 82; Emelyanov 1999<ref>''Емельянов В.В''. Ниппурский календарь и ранняя история Зодиака. СПб: "Петербургское Востоковедение", 1999.</ref> 129, LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1499:11, KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, C 31, 20]
	* The sta<s>rs of Ea, Anu and Enlil.</s>		* The sta<s>rs of Ea, Anu and Enlil.</s>
	** <s>(a) List of the 12 stars of Anu: (no. 12) <sup>mul</sup>ti<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> [CT~~<ref name=":5">''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref>~~ 33, 9 r. 13; ~~Horowitz 1998<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref>~~ 176].</s>		** <s>(a) List of the 12 stars of Anu: (no. 12) <sup>mul</sup>ti<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> [CT 33, 9 r. 13; 176].</s>
	** <s>(b) List of 12 stars of Enlil: (no. 10) <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> [TCL 6<ref>Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see. TU.</ref>, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA. 1987. Bd. 77. S. 207-228.</ref> 212].</s>		** <s>(b) List of 12 stars of Enlil: (no. 10) <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup></s>
	**
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Sushoff at 15:24, 24 July 2026

2026-07-24T15:24:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:24, 24 July 2026
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	\| cat = constellation		\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	<sup>mul</sup>TE<sub>8</sub> / TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> (𒀯𒀉𒄷) is a Sumerian names for The Eagle, referring to the constellation of [[Aquila]] (Latin), The Eagle. <sup>mul</sup>''Erû'' or <sup>mul</sup>''Arû'' is the Akkadian equivalent. Both the Sumerian and Akkadian terms may refer to a wider range of birds rather than just Eagles, perhaps even any large generic predator bird, for example, a vulture. This constellation is typically identified with the Greek and the modern constellation of [[Aquila]], The Eagle.		<sup>mul</sup>TE<sub>8</sub> / TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> (𒀯𒀉𒄷) is a Sumerian names for The Eagle, referring to the constellation of [[Aquila]] (Latin), The Eagle. <sup>mul</sup>''Erû'' or <sup>mul</sup>''Arû'' is the Akkadian equivalent. Both the Sumerian and Akkadian terms may refer to a wider range of birds rather than just Eagles, perhaps even any large generic predator bird, for example, a vulture. This constellation is typically identified with the Greek and the modern constellation of [[Aquila]], The Eagle.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==
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	The sign A<sub>2</sub> as a bird-name has ample evidence for readings both te<sub>8</sub> and ti<sub>8</sub> in Sumerian, translated into Akkadian with both opening a- and e- vowels.		The sign A<sub>2</sub> as a bird-name has ample evidence for readings both te<sub>8</sub> and ti<sub>8</sub> in Sumerian, translated into Akkadian with both opening a- and e- vowels.

	[Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 2; Borger 1978<ref>''Borger R''. Assyrish-babylonische Zeichenliste. Kevelaer: Butzon und Bercker; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1978.</ref> 139, Nr. 334; Labat 137]; constellation within the modern Eagle (Aquila).		[Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 2; Borger 1978<ref>''Borger R''. Assyrish-babylonische Zeichenliste. Kevelaer: Butzon und Bercker; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1978.</ref> 139, Nr. 334; Labat 137]; constellation within the modern Eagle ([[Aquila]]).

	Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref name=":8">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> mention that the translation "eagle" is not certain for all times, as historical languages might not have distinguished between different birds of prey. Hence, it could also be a vulture, at least in some variants:<blockquote>'''TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>''' = ''erû'' “eagle” (also “vulture”?). <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> (AN 18–19r).</blockquote>This option is in particular interesting with regard to the deity associated with TI<sub>8</sub> in MUL.APIN, the warlike god Zababa:<ref name=":8" /><blockquote>'''''Zababa''.''' Warlike god, city god of Kish, identified with Ninurta. MUL <sup>d</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> (AN 18–19l).</blockquote>		Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref name=":8">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> mention that the translation "eagle" is not certain for all times, as historical languages might not have distinguished between different birds of prey. Hence, it could also be a vulture, at least in some variants:<blockquote>'''TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>''' = ''erû'' “eagle” (also “vulture”?). <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> (AN 18–19r).</blockquote>This option is in particular interesting with regard to the deity associated with TI<sub>8</sub> in MUL.APIN, the warlike god Zababa:<ref name=":8" /><blockquote>'''''Zababa''.''' Warlike god, city god of Kish, identified with Ninurta. MUL <sup>d</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> (AN 18–19l).</blockquote>

Sushoff at 15:07, 24 July 2026

2026-07-24T15:07:02Z

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	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==
	Var. readings:		'''Var. readings:'''

	*<sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup>,		*<sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup>,

Sushoff at 15:04, 24 July 2026

2026-07-24T15:04:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:04, 24 July 2026
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	\| cat = constellation		\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	<sup>mul</sup>TE<sub>8</sub> / TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> (𒀯𒀉𒄷) ~~are~~ Sumerian names for The Eagle, referring to the constellation of [[Aquila]] (Latin), The Eagle. <sup>mul</sup>''Erû'' or <sup>mul</sup>''Arû'' is the Akkadian equivalent. Both the Sumerian and Akkadian terms may refer to a wider range of birds rather than just Eagles, perhaps even any large generic predator bird, for example, a vulture. This constellation is typically identified with the Greek and the modern constellation of [[Aquila]], The Eagle.		<sup>mul</sup>TE<sub>8</sub> / TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> (𒀯𒀉𒄷) is a Sumerian names for The Eagle, referring to the constellation of [[Aquila]] (Latin), The Eagle. <sup>mul</sup>''Erû'' or <sup>mul</sup>''Arû'' is the Akkadian equivalent. Both the Sumerian and Akkadian terms may refer to a wider range of birds rather than just Eagles, perhaps even any large generic predator bird, for example, a vulture. This constellation is typically identified with the Greek and the modern constellation of [[Aquila]], The Eagle.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==

Sushoff at 06:17, 7 July 2026

2026-07-07T06:17:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:17, 7 July 2026
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	\| cat = constellation		\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	<sup>mul</sup>TE<sub>8</sub> / TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> (𒀯𒀉𒄷) are Sumerian names for The Eagle, referring to the constellation of [[Aquila]] (Latin), The Eagle. <sup>mul</sup>''Erû'' or <sup>mul</sup>''Arû'' is the Akkadian equivalent. Both the Sumerian and Akkadian terms may refer to a wider range of birds rather than just Eagles, perhaps even any large generic predator bird, for example, a vulture. This constellation is typically identified with the Greek and the modern constellation of [[Aquila]], The Eagle.		<sup>mul</sup>TE<sub>8</sub> / TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> (𒀯𒀉𒄷) are Sumerian names for The Eagle, referring to the constellation of [[Aquila]] (Latin), The Eagle. <sup>mul</sup>''Erû'' or <sup>mul</sup>''Arû'' is the Akkadian equivalent. Both the Sumerian and Akkadian terms may refer to a wider range of birds rather than just Eagles, perhaps even any large generic predator bird, for example, a vulture. This constellation is typically identified with the Greek and the modern constellation of [[Aquila]], The Eagle.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==

Sushoff at 11:25, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T11:25:50Z

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	\| bordering = Aql, Ser, Del		\| bordering = Aql, Ser, Del
	\| notes =		\| notes =
			\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	<sup>mul</sup>TE<sub>8</sub> / TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> (𒀯𒀉𒄷) are Sumerian names for The Eagle, referring to the constellation of [[Aquila]] (Latin), The Eagle. <sup>mul</sup>''Erû'' or <sup>mul</sup>''Arû'' is the Akkadian equivalent. Both the Sumerian and Akkadian terms may refer to a wider range of birds rather than just Eagles, perhaps even any large generic predator bird, for example, a vulture. This constellation is typically identified with the Greek and the modern constellation of [[Aquila]], The Eagle.		<sup>mul</sup>TE<sub>8</sub> / TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> (𒀯𒀉𒄷) are Sumerian names for The Eagle, referring to the constellation of [[Aquila]] (Latin), The Eagle. <sup>mul</sup>''Erû'' or <sup>mul</sup>''Arû'' is the Akkadian equivalent. Both the Sumerian and Akkadian terms may refer to a wider range of birds rather than just Eagles, perhaps even any large generic predator bird, for example, a vulture. This constellation is typically identified with the Greek and the modern constellation of [[Aquila]], The Eagle.

Sushoff at 10:22, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T10:22:35Z

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ----
 [[File:Eagle+Corpse MULAPIN-jessica2022.jpg|thumb|Babylonian constellations The Eagle and The Corpse, drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium, cf. Gullberg, Hoffmann, Gullberg (2022)<ref>Gullberg, J, Hoffmann, S.M. and Gullberg, S.R. (2022). Painting Babylonian: New Constellations in Stellarium, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). ''Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy'', tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin, 171-191</ref>]]
 <sup>mul</sup>TE<sub>8</sub> / TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> (𒀯𒀉𒄷) are Sumerian names for The Eagle, referring to the constellation of [[Aquila]] (Latin), The Eagle. <sup>mul</sup>''Erû'' or <sup>mul</sup>''Arû'' is the Akkadian equivalent. Both the Sumerian and Akkadian terms may refer to a wider range of birds rather than just Eagles, perhaps even any large generic predator bird, for example, a vulture. This constellation is typically identified with the Greek and the modern constellation of [[Aquila]], The Eagle.

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[2] */

2026-06-05T18:56:33Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[2]

Show changes

YoulaAzkarrula at 06:18, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T06:18:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:18, 29 May 2026
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	== References ==		== References ==
	[[Category:Mesopotamian]] [[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]] [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Sumerian]] [[Category:Akkadian]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Sumerian]] [[Category:Akkadian]]

	[[Category:Aql]]		[[Category:Aql]]
	<references />		<references />