TIR.AN.NA - Revision history

Sushoff at 18:24, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T18:24:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:24, 26 March 2026
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	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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	[[File:IM.SHESH stellarium.png\|thumb\|IM.ŠEŠ, The Rainbow, rises in the east together with the Swallow (who, in turn, is characterized by its V-shaped tail). Stellarium displays the area from northeast to southeast over Babylon in -1050.]]		[[File:IM.SHESH stellarium.png\|thumb\|IM.ŠEŠ, The Rainbow, rises in the east together with the Swallow (who, in turn, is characterized by its V-shaped tail). Stellarium displays the area from northeast to southeast over Babylon in -1050.]]

Sushoff at 16:23, 12 March 2026

2026-03-12T16:23:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:23, 12 March 2026
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	==== Previous Identifications. ====		==== Previous Identifications. ====
	[[File:Rainbow papke.JPG\|thumb\|Babylonian constellation of the Rainbow next to the IKU-constellation (Papke 1993)<ref>Papke, Werner (1989). Die geheime Botschaft des Gilgamesch. 4000 Jahre alte astronomische Aufzeichnungen entschlüsselt. Weltbild Verlag, [https://archive.org/details/diegeheimebotsch0000papk archive.org]</ref>. This way, IM~~-SHESH~~ would culminate together with the Swallow and not rise together with it, so it contradicts at least one of the texts.]]		[[File:Rainbow papke.JPG\|thumb\|Babylonian constellation of the Rainbow next to the IKU-constellation (Papke 1993)<ref>Papke, Werner (1989). Die geheime Botschaft des Gilgamesch. 4000 Jahre alte astronomische Aufzeichnungen entschlüsselt. Weltbild Verlag, [https://archive.org/details/diegeheimebotsch0000papk archive.org]</ref>. This way, IM.ŠEŠ would culminate together with the Swallow and not rise together with it, so it contradicts at least one of the texts.]]
	= 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA<ref name=":3" />, 138; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref name=":4">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 274].		= 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA<ref name=":3" />, 138; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref name=":4">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 274].

Sushoff: /* Previous Identifications. */

2026-03-12T16:20:50Z

Previous Identifications.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:20, 12 March 2026
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	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
			[[File:IM.SHESH stellarium.png\|thumb\|IM.ŠEŠ, The Rainbow, rises in the east together with the Swallow (who, in turn, is characterized by its V-shaped tail). Stellarium displays the area from northeast to southeast over Babylon in -1050.]]
	<sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA (𒀯𒌁𒀭𒈾) = ''manzât'', 'Rainbow,' is an asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag." For rainbows in Sumerian and Akkadian terminology see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0">Horowitz W., 2016: “All About Rainbows,” in K. Schmid and C. Uehlinger eds., Laws of Heaven, Laws of Nature: The Legal Interpretation of Cosmic Phenomena in the Ancient World, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (OBO, Fribourg: Academic Press, and Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht): 40-51</ref>.		<sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA (𒀯𒌁𒀭𒈾) = ''manzât'', 'Rainbow,' is an asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag." For rainbows in Sumerian and Akkadian terminology see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0">Horowitz W., 2016: “All About Rainbows,” in K. Schmid and C. Uehlinger eds., Laws of Heaven, Laws of Nature: The Legal Interpretation of Cosmic Phenomena in the Ancient World, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (OBO, Fribourg: Academic Press, and Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht): 40-51</ref>.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	= ''manzât'' (𒌋𒌋𒍝𒌈) "Rainbow" [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 407; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/1, 230-232];		'''Variants'''

			* = ''manzât'' (𒌋𒌋𒍝𒌈) "Rainbow" [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 407; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/1, 230-232];
			* see (Kurtik i09) [[IM.ŠEŠ]]

	Asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag" (see Kurtik L09) in [[Andromeda]].		Asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag" (see Kurtik L09) in [[Andromeda]].
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	==== Previous Identifications. ====		==== Previous Identifications. ====
			[[File:Rainbow papke.JPG\|thumb\|Babylonian constellation of the Rainbow next to the IKU-constellation (Papke 1993)<ref>Papke, Werner (1989). Die geheime Botschaft des Gilgamesch. 4000 Jahre alte astronomische Aufzeichnungen entschlüsselt. Weltbild Verlag, [https://archive.org/details/diegeheimebotsch0000papk archive.org]</ref>. This way, IM-SHESH would culminate together with the Swallow and not rise together with it, so it contradicts at least one of the texts.]]
	= 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA<ref name=":3" />, 138; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref name=":4">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 274].		= 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA<ref name=":3" />, 138; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref name=":4">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 274].

Sushoff: /* Additional */

2026-03-12T16:10:29Z

Additional

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:10, 12 March 2026
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	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	<sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA (𒀯𒌁𒀭𒈾) = ''manzât'', 'Rainbow,' is an asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag." For rainbows in Sumerian and Akkadian terminology see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0">Horowitz W., 2016: “All About Rainbows,” in K. Schmid and C. Uehlinger eds., Laws of Heaven, Laws of Nature: The Legal Interpretation of Cosmic Phenomena in the Ancient World, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (OBO, Fribourg: Academic Press, and Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht): 40-51</ref>.		<sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA (𒀯𒌁𒀭𒈾) = ''manzât'', 'Rainbow,' is an asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag." For rainbows in Sumerian and Akkadian terminology see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0">Horowitz W., 2016: “All About Rainbows,” in K. Schmid and C. Uehlinger eds., Laws of Heaven, Laws of Nature: The Legal Interpretation of Cosmic Phenomena in the Ancient World, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (OBO, Fribourg: Academic Press, and Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht): 40-51</ref>.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	= ''manzât'' (𒌋𒌋𒍝𒌈) "Rainbow" [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 407; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/1, 230-232];		= ''manzât'' (𒌋𒌋𒍝𒌈) "Rainbow" [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 407; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/1, 230-232];
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	The name of the constellation was fixed with the determinative of a deity already mentioned in the early monolingual lists of stars. The temple <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na is mentioned in a hymn from Kish [Sjöberg, Bergmann 1969<ref>''Sjoberg Å.W., Bergmann S.J.'' The Collection of the Sumerian Temple Hymns. N.Y., Locust Valley, 1969 (Texts from Cuneiform Sources, Vol. 3).</ref>, 167, line 34]. '''''(check and supplement)'''''		The name of the constellation was fixed with the determinative of a deity already mentioned in the early monolingual lists of stars. The temple <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na is mentioned in a hymn from Kish [Sjöberg, Bergmann 1969<ref>''Sjoberg Å.W., Bergmann S.J.'' The Collection of the Sumerian Temple Hymns. N.Y., Locust Valley, 1969 (Texts from Cuneiform Sources, Vol. 3).</ref>, 167, line 34]. '''''(check and supplement)'''''

	==== ~~Identification~~. ====		==== Previous Identifications. ====
	= 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA<ref name=":3" />, 138; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref name=":4">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 274].		= 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA<ref name=":3" />, 138; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref name=":4">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 274].

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	\|= <sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA «Радуга»; группа звезд в созвездии Андромеды [Gössmann 1950, 407; CAD M/1, 230–232]; в основном в лексических текстах, см. t05TIR.AN.NA.		\|= <sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA «Радуга»; группа звезд в созвездии Андромеды [Gössmann 1950, 407; CAD M/1, 230–232]; в основном в лексических текстах, см. t05TIR.AN.NA.
	!		\|
	\|-		\|-
	! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" \|Kurtik (2022, t...)		! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" \|Kurtik (2022, t...)

Sushoff at 08:11, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T08:11:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:11, 17 January 2026
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			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
			----
	<sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA (𒀯𒌁𒀭𒈾) = ''manzât'', 'Rainbow,' is an asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag." For rainbows in Sumerian and Akkadian terminology see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0">Horowitz W., 2016: “All About Rainbows,” in K. Schmid and C. Uehlinger eds., Laws of Heaven, Laws of Nature: The Legal Interpretation of Cosmic Phenomena in the Ancient World, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (OBO, Fribourg: Academic Press, and Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht): 40-51</ref>.		<sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA (𒀯𒌁𒀭𒈾) = ''manzât'', 'Rainbow,' is an asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag." For rainbows in Sumerian and Akkadian terminology see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0">Horowitz W., 2016: “All About Rainbows,” in K. Schmid and C. Uehlinger eds., Laws of Heaven, Laws of Nature: The Legal Interpretation of Cosmic Phenomena in the Ancient World, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (OBO, Fribourg: Academic Press, and Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht): 40-51</ref>.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

JanSafford at 13:08, 24 December 2025

2025-12-24T13:08:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:08, 24 December 2025
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	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	See. [BPO 2<ref name=":2">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, I 8, II 1, III 4; ~~NSAM~~ 2<ref>''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 248].		See. [BPO 2<ref name=":2">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, I 8, II 1, III 4; Verderame 2002 2<ref>''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 248].
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	\|'''''Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu.'''''		\|'''''Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu.'''''
	* diš 30 tur<sub>3</sub> ban.an.na nigin... "If the Moon is surrounded by a halo (in the form of the) Celestial Bow...." [Koch-Westenholz 1999<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. The Astrological Commentary ''Šumma'' ''Sîn ina tāmartīšu'' Tablet 1 // Res Orientales. 1999. Vol. XII. P.149-165.</ref>, 163:138]; here ban.an.na is probably a figurative expression for rainbow; in relation to this, see also: [...gi]š.ban ban.an.na ... ban an-e "[...] Bow, Heavenly Bow ... Heavenly Bow" [~~NSAM~~ 2<ref>''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 80, IIIb 11′ + comm. p. 64].		* diš 30 tur<sub>3</sub> ban.an.na nigin... "If the Moon is surrounded by a halo (in the form of the) Celestial Bow...." [Koch-Westenholz 1999<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. The Astrological Commentary ''Šumma'' ''Sîn ina tāmartīšu'' Tablet 1 // Res Orientales. 1999. Vol. XII. P.149-165.</ref>, 163:138]; here ban.an.na is probably a figurative expression for rainbow; in relation to this, see also: [...gi]š.ban ban.an.na ... ban an-e "[...] Bow, Heavenly Bow ... Heavenly Bow" [Verderame 2002 2<ref>''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 80, IIIb 11′ + comm. p. 64].
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	==== Identification. ====		==== Identification. ====
	= 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA<ref name=":3" />, 138; ~~ASM~~<ref name=":4">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 274].		= 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA<ref name=":3" />, 138; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref name=":4">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 274].

	= β Cassiopeiae [Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 57, H; ~~ASM~~<ref name=":4" />, 105, H].		= β Cassiopeiae [Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 57, H; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref name=":4" />, 105, H].

	==== Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====
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	!		!
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	\|= <sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA «Радуга»; группа звезд в созвездии Андромеды [G. 407; CAD M/1, 230–232]; в основном в лексических текстах, см. t05TIR.AN.NA.		\|= <sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA «Радуга»; группа звезд в созвездии Андромеды [Gössmann 1950, 407; CAD M/1, 230–232]; в основном в лексических текстах, см. t05TIR.AN.NA.
	!		!
	\|-		\|-
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	! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" \|Gössmann (1950)		! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" \|Gössmann (1950)
	\|-		\|-
	\|= manzât «Радуга»; астеризм в созвездии <sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM «Олень» (см. L09) в Андромеде (Andromeda) [CAD M/1, 231–232; G. 407].		\|= manzât «Радуга»; астеризм в созвездии <sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM «Олень» (см. L09) в Андромеде (Andromeda) [CAD M/1, 231–232; Gössmann 1950, 407].
	I. Источники.		I. Источники.

	Лексич. тексты. (1) Одноязычные шумерские списки: <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na [MSL XI, 108:393], <sup>mul d</sup>tir.an.na [MSL XI, 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 20]. (2) Cерия Urra XXII: <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = ma-an-za-ta [Emar VI/4, 151:159], <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = man-za-tum [Cavigneaux 1981 105, 79.B.1/5 col. iv 3], <sup>[mu]l</sup>tir.an.na = man-za-tu[m] [Cavigneaux 1979, 134:16; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 107:284ʹ]. (3) Список звезд: ˹<sup>mul</sup>tir˺.an.[na] [CT 26, 47, K.11739 r. 6]. ЕАЕ. См. [BPO 2, I 8, II 1, III 4; ~~NSAM~~ 2, 248]. Текст BM 77054. ina <sup>iti</sup>šu ud.1.kam ina r[i-bi<sup>?</sup>…] / <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na gu[b…] «1-го дуузу при за[ходе…] / Радуга сто[ит…]» [George 1991, 304–305, obv. 5′–6′]. MUL.APIN. (1) Список звезд Энлиля (№ 31): MUL<sup>meš</sup> um-mu-lu-tu<sub>4</sub> ša<sub>2</sub> ina GABA <sup>mul</sup>lu-lim / GUB<sup>meš</sup>-zu <sup>d</sup>Ḫar-ri-ru <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA «Тусклые звезды, которые стоят на груди Оленя, Харриру, Радуга» (I i 32–33). (2) Астрологические предсказания: <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA UD ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN MU.NE / DIŠ ina <sup>im</sup>U<sub>18</sub>.LU A.AN ina <sub>im</sub>SI.SA<sub>2</sub> A.KAL ina <sup>im</sup>KUR.RA A.AN ina <sup>im</sup>MAR GIR<sub>3</sub>.BAL «Имя Радуги — “день изобилия”. Если (она видна) на юге — дождь, на севере — наводнение, на востоке — дождь, на западе — опустошение» (II iii 33–34) [MA, 27, 112–113, 135]; не исключено, что в этом предсказании речь идет не о созвездии <sup>mul</sup>TIR.AN.NA, а о радуге как природном явлении, хотя контекст такое предположение как будто не допускает. Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu. diš 30 tur<sub>3</sub> ban.an.na nigin… «Если Луна окружена гало (в виде) Небесного Лука….» [Koch Westenholz 1999, 163:138]; здесь ban.an.na, вероятно, образное выражение для обозначения радуги; см. в этой связи также: […gi]š.ban ban.an.na … ban an-e «[…] Лук, Небесный Лук … Небесный Лук» [~~NSAM~~ 2, 80, IIIb 11′ + comm. p. 64]. «Большой список звезд». (1) <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = <sup>mul</sup>min(=ab.sin<sub>2</sub>) «Радуга = Борозда»; (2) tir.an.na ud nu-uḫ-šu<sub>2</sub> mu.bi<sub>2</sub> mar-ra-tum «Радуга, ее имя “день изобилия”, радуга» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B: 43, 167]. Dalbanna-текст. H. multir.[an.na] «Ра[дуга]» (β Cas), см. u06UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A. §e. [<sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na]? «[Радуга]» (β Cas), см. a39ANŠE.KUR.RA.		Лексич. тексты. (1) Одноязычные шумерские списки: <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na [MSL XI, 108:393], <sup>mul d</sup>tir.an.na [MSL XI, 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 20]. (2) Cерия Urra XXII: <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = ma-an-za-ta [Emar VI/4, 151:159], <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = man-za-tum [Cavigneaux 1981 105, 79.B.1/5 col. iv 3], <sup>[mu]l</sup>tir.an.na = man-za-tu[m] [Cavigneaux 1979, 134:16; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 107:284ʹ]. (3) Список звезд: ˹<sup>mul</sup>tir˺.an.[na] [CT 26, 47, K.11739 r. 6]. ЕАЕ. См. [BPO 2, I 8, II 1, III 4; Verderame 2002 2, 248]. Текст BM 77054. ina <sup>iti</sup>šu ud.1.kam ina r[i-bi<sup>?</sup>…] / <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na gu[b…] «1-го дуузу при за[ходе…] / Радуга сто[ит…]» [George 1991, 304–305, obv. 5′–6′]. MUL.APIN. (1) Список звезд Энлиля (№ 31): MUL<sup>meš</sup> um-mu-lu-tu<sub>4</sub> ša<sub>2</sub> ina GABA <sup>mul</sup>lu-lim / GUB<sup>meš</sup>-zu <sup>d</sup>Ḫar-ri-ru <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA «Тусклые звезды, которые стоят на груди Оленя, Харриру, Радуга» (I i 32–33). (2) Астрологические предсказания: <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA UD ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN MU.NE / DIŠ ina <sup>im</sup>U<sub>18</sub>.LU A.AN ina <sub>im</sub>SI.SA<sub>2</sub> A.KAL ina <sup>im</sup>KUR.RA A.AN ina <sup>im</sup>MAR GIR<sub>3</sub>.BAL «Имя Радуги — “день изобилия”. Если (она видна) на юге — дождь, на севере — наводнение, на востоке — дождь, на западе — опустошение» (II iii 33–34) [MA, 27, 112–113, 135]; не исключено, что в этом предсказании речь идет не о созвездии <sup>mul</sup>TIR.AN.NA, а о радуге как природном явлении, хотя контекст такое предположение как будто не допускает. Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu. diš 30 tur<sub>3</sub> ban.an.na nigin… «Если Луна окружена гало (в виде) Небесного Лука….» [Koch Westenholz 1999, 163:138]; здесь ban.an.na, вероятно, образное выражение для обозначения радуги; см. в этой связи также: […gi]š.ban ban.an.na … ban an-e «[…] Лук, Небесный Лук … Небесный Лук» [Verderame 2002 2, 80, IIIb 11′ + comm. p. 64]. «Большой список звезд». (1) <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = <sup>mul</sup>min(=ab.sin<sub>2</sub>) «Радуга = Борозда»; (2) tir.an.na ud nu-uḫ-šu<sub>2</sub> mu.bi<sub>2</sub> mar-ra-tum «Радуга, ее имя “день изобилия”, радуга» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B: 43, 167]. Dalbanna-текст. H. multir.[an.na] «Ра[дуга]» (β Cas), см. u06UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A. §e. [<sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na]? «[Радуга]» (β Cas), см. a39ANŠE.KUR.RA.

	II. Божество.		II. Божество.
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	III. Отождествление.		III. Отождествление.

	= 18, 31 и 32 Андромеды (Andromeda) (?) [MA, 138; ~~ASM~~, 274].		= 18, 31 и 32 Андромеды (Andromeda) (?) [MA, 138; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 274].

	= β Cassiopeiae [Koch 1995, 57, H; ~~ASM~~, 105, H].		= β Cassiopeiae [Koch 1995, 57, H; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 105, H].

	IV. Астрология.		IV. Астрология.

Sushoff at 11:43, 18 December 2025

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	<sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA (𒀯𒌁𒀭𒈾) = ''manzât'', 'Rainbow,' is an asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag." For rainbows in Sumerian and Akkadian terminology see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0">Horowitz W., 2016: “All About Rainbows,” in K. Schmid and C. Uehlinger eds., Laws of Heaven, Laws of Nature: The Legal Interpretation of Cosmic Phenomena in the Ancient World, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (OBO, Fribourg: Academic Press, and Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht): 40-51</ref>.		<sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA (𒀯𒌁𒀭𒈾) = ''manzât'', 'Rainbow,' is an asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag." For rainbows in Sumerian and Akkadian terminology see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0">Horowitz W., 2016: “All About Rainbows,” in K. Schmid and C. Uehlinger eds., Laws of Heaven, Laws of Nature: The Legal Interpretation of Cosmic Phenomena in the Ancient World, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (OBO, Fribourg: Academic Press, and Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht): 40-51</ref>.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	~~===Kurtik with Hilder~~, ~~Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim=~~==
	= ''manzât'' (𒌋𒌋𒍝𒌈) "Rainbow" [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 407; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/1, 230-232];		= ''manzât'' (𒌋𒌋𒍝𒌈) "Rainbow" [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 407; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/1, 230-232];

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	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== ~~II.~~ Deity. ====		==== Deity. ====
	The name of the constellation was fixed with the determinative of a deity already mentioned in the early monolingual lists of stars. The temple <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na is mentioned in a hymn from Kish [Sjöberg, Bergmann 1969<ref>''Sjoberg Å.W., Bergmann S.J.'' The Collection of the Sumerian Temple Hymns. N.Y., Locust Valley, 1969 (Texts from Cuneiform Sources, Vol. 3).</ref>, 167, line 34]. '''''(check and supplement)'''''		The name of the constellation was fixed with the determinative of a deity already mentioned in the early monolingual lists of stars. The temple <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na is mentioned in a hymn from Kish [Sjöberg, Bergmann 1969<ref>''Sjoberg Å.W., Bergmann S.J.'' The Collection of the Sumerian Temple Hymns. N.Y., Locust Valley, 1969 (Texts from Cuneiform Sources, Vol. 3).</ref>, 167, line 34]. '''''(check and supplement)'''''

	==== ~~III.~~ Identification. ====		==== Identification. ====
	= 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA<ref name=":3" />, 138; ASM<ref name=":4">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 274].		= 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA<ref name=":3" />, 138; ASM<ref name=":4">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 274].

	= β Cassiopeiae [Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 57, H; ASM<ref name=":4" />, 105, H].		= β Cassiopeiae [Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 57, H; ASM<ref name=":4" />, 105, H].

	==== ~~IV.~~ Astrology. ====		==== Astrology. ====
	(1) General astrological meaning; <sup>mul d</sup>TIR.AN.NA ''a-na'' [ŠE]G<sub>3</sub> NU SUR / DIŠ ''ina'' UD ''er-pi ša''<sub>2</sub> ŠEG<sub>3</sub> SUR <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.[NA G]IL ŠEG<sub>3</sub> NU SUR "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) the absence of rain. If on a cloudy day, the rainbow [is] bent when it rains,: [there will be] no rain." [ACh Ištar<ref>''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 25:8; BPO 2<ref name=":2" />, III 4-4a + Parallels;], the second part of the prediction seems to have a purely meteorological meaning, see also [ibid.<ref name=":2" />, I 8]; <sup>[m]ul</sup>TIR AN.NA ''ana'' [IM].ŠEG<sub>3</sub> ŠEG<sub>3</sub> [...] / <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>˹AB˺ [...] "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) rain [...]. Rainbow in the month of tebet [...]" [BPO 2<ref name=":2" />, II 1-1a + Parallels], cf. MUL.APIN I iii 7-8, where the date of the heliacal rising of <sup>mul</sup>IM.ŠEŠ refers also to tebet (cf. i09).		(1) General astrological meaning; <sup>mul d</sup>TIR.AN.NA ''a-na'' [ŠE]G<sub>3</sub> NU SUR / DIŠ ''ina'' UD ''er-pi ša''<sub>2</sub> ŠEG<sub>3</sub> SUR <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.[NA G]IL ŠEG<sub>3</sub> NU SUR "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) the absence of rain. If on a cloudy day, the rainbow [is] bent when it rains,: [there will be] no rain." [ACh Ištar<ref>''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 25:8; BPO 2<ref name=":2" />, III 4-4a + Parallels;], the second part of the prediction seems to have a purely meteorological meaning, see also [ibid.<ref name=":2" />, I 8]; <sup>[m]ul</sup>TIR AN.NA ''ana'' [IM].ŠEG<sub>3</sub> ŠEG<sub>3</sub> [...] / <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>˹AB˺ [...] "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) rain [...]. Rainbow in the month of tebet [...]" [BPO 2<ref name=":2" />, II 1-1a + Parallels], cf. MUL.APIN I iii 7-8, where the date of the heliacal rising of <sup>mul</sup>IM.ŠEŠ refers also to tebet (cf. i09).

Sushoff at 21:26, 3 December 2025

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	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
			[[Category:And]]

	[[Category:4workWayne]]		[[Category:4workWayne]]

InitTeam at 07:48, 15 September 2025

2025-09-15T07:48:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:48, 15 September 2025
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	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==
	===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===		===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
	= ''manzât'' (𒌋𒌋𒍝𒌈) "Rainbow" [G. 407; CAD M/1, 230-232];		= ''manzât'' (𒌋𒌋𒍝𒌈) "Rainbow" [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 407; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/1, 230-232];

	Asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag" (see L09) in [[Andromeda]].		Asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag" (see Kurtik L09) in [[Andromeda]].

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Lexical texts.'''		\|'''Lexical texts.'''
	* (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists: <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na [MSL XI, 108:393], <sup>mul d</sup>tir.an.na [MSL XI, 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 20].		* (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists: <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na [MSL XI<ref name=":1">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 108:393], <sup>mul d</sup>tir.an.na [MSL XI<ref name=":1" />, 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 20].
	* (2) Urra XXII series:		* (2) Urra XXII series:
	** <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = ''ma-an-za-ta'' [Emar VI/4, 151:159], <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = ''man-za-tum'' [Cavigneaux 1981 105, 79.B.1/5 col. iv 3],		** <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = ''ma-an-za-ta'' [Emar VI/4<ref>''D. Arnaud''. Texte de la bibliothèque, transcriptions et traductions, 1987. (= Emar 6/4).</ref>, 151:159], <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = ''man-za-tum'' [Cavigneaux 1981<ref>''Cavigneaux A.'' Textes scolares du temple de Nabû ša Harê. Texts from Babylon I. Baghdad, 1981.</ref> 105, 79.B.1/5 col. iv 3],
	** <sup>[mu]l</sup>tir.an.na = ''man-za-tu''[''m''] [Cavigneaux 1979, 134:16; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 107:284ʹ].		** <sup>[mu]l</sup>tir.an.na = ''man-za-tu''[''m''] [Cavigneaux 1979<ref>''Cavigneaux A.'' // Baghdader Mitteilungen. 1979. Bd. X. S. 132-134.</ref>, 134:16; Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 107:284ʹ].
	* (3) List of stars: ˹<sup>mul</sup>tir˺.an.[na] [CT 26, 47, K.11739 r. 6].		* (3) List of stars: ˹<sup>mul</sup>tir˺.an.[na] [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 26, 47, K.11739 r. 6].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	See. [BPO 2, I 8, II 1, III 4; NSAM 2, 248].		See. [BPO 2<ref name=":2">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, I 8, II 1, III 4; NSAM 2<ref>''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 248].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	* (2) Astrological predictions:		* (2) Astrological predictions:
	** <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA UD ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN MU.NE / DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>U<sub>18</sub>.LUU A.AN ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>SI.SA<sub>2</sub> A.KAL ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>KUR.RA A.AN ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>MAR GIR<sub>3</sub>.BAL		** <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA UD ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN MU.NE / DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>U<sub>18</sub>.LUU A.AN ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>SI.SA<sub>2</sub> A.KAL ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>KUR.RA A.AN ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>MAR GIR<sub>3</sub>.BAL
	** "The name of the Rainbow — 'day of plenty'. If (it is seen) in the south — rain, in the north — flood, in the east — rain, in the west — desolation" (II iii 33-34) [MA, 27, 112-113, 135];		** "The name of the Rainbow — 'day of plenty'. If (it is seen) in the south — rain, in the north — flood, in the east — rain, in the west — desolation" (II iii 33-34) [MA<ref name=":3">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 27, 112-113, 135];
	The omen does not refer to the Rainbow constellation <sup>mul</sup>TIR.AN.NA, but to the rainbow as a natural phenomenon. For Rainbows in Mesopotamia see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0" />.		The omen does not refer to the Rainbow constellation <sup>mul</sup>TIR.AN.NA, but to the rainbow as a natural phenomenon. For Rainbows in Mesopotamia see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0" />.
	\|		\|
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	\|Text BM 77054.		\|Text BM 77054.
	* ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>šu ud.1.kam ''ina r''[''i-bi''<sup>?</sup>...] / <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na gu[b...]		* ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>šu ud.1.kam ''ina r''[''i-bi''<sup>?</sup>...] / <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na gu[b...]
	* "On the 1st day of duuzu before the en[tering...] / The rainbow sta[nds...]" [George 1991, 304-305, obv. 5′-6′].		* "On the 1st day of duuzu before the en[tering...] / The rainbow sta[nds...]" [George 1991<ref>''George A.R.'' Review of H.Hunger and D.Pingree MUL.APIN. An astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform. Horn 1989 // ZA. 1991. Bd. 81, Halbband 2. S. 301-306.</ref>, 304-305, obv. 5′-6′].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''''Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu.'''''		\|'''''Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu.'''''
	* diš 30 tur<sub>3</sub> ban.an.na nigin... "If the Moon is surrounded by a halo (in the form of the) Celestial Bow...." [Koch Westenholz 1999, 163:138]; here ban.an.na is probably a figurative expression for rainbow; in relation to this, see also: [...gi]š.ban ban.an.na ... ban an-e "[...] Bow, Heavenly Bow ... Heavenly Bow" [NSAM 2, 80, IIIb 11′ + comm. p. 64].		* diš 30 tur<sub>3</sub> ban.an.na nigin... "If the Moon is surrounded by a halo (in the form of the) Celestial Bow...." [Koch-Westenholz 1999<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. The Astrological Commentary ''Šumma'' ''Sîn ina tāmartīšu'' Tablet 1 // Res Orientales. 1999. Vol. XII. P.149-165.</ref>, 163:138]; here ban.an.na is probably a figurative expression for rainbow; in relation to this, see also: [...gi]š.ban ban.an.na ... ban an-e "[...] Bow, Heavenly Bow ... Heavenly Bow" [NSAM 2<ref>''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 80, IIIb 11′ + comm. p. 64].
	\|		\|
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	\|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia"'''		\|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia"'''
	* (1) <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = <sup>mul</sup>min(=ab.sin<sub>2</sub>) "Rainbow = FUrrow";		* (1) <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = <sup>mul</sup>min(=ab.sin<sub>2</sub>) "Rainbow = FUrrow";
	* (2) tir.an.na ud ''nu-uḫ-šu''<sub>2</sub> mu.bi<sub>2</sub> ''mar-ra-tum'' "Rainbow, its name means, 'day of plenty,' rainbow" [Mesop.Astrol., App. B: 43, 167].		* (2) tir.an.na ud ''nu-uḫ-šu''<sub>2</sub> mu.bi<sub>2</sub> ''mar-ra-tum'' "Rainbow, its name means, 'day of plenty,' rainbow" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B: 43, 167].
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	==== II. Deity. ====		==== II. Deity. ====
	The name of the constellation was fixed with the determinative of a deity already mentioned in the early monolingual lists of stars. The temple <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na is mentioned in a hymn from Kish [Sjöberg, Bergmann 1969, 167, line 34]. (check and supplement)		The name of the constellation was fixed with the determinative of a deity already mentioned in the early monolingual lists of stars. The temple <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na is mentioned in a hymn from Kish [Sjöberg, Bergmann 1969<ref>''Sjoberg Å.W., Bergmann S.J.'' The Collection of the Sumerian Temple Hymns. N.Y., Locust Valley, 1969 (Texts from Cuneiform Sources, Vol. 3).</ref>, 167, line 34]. '''''(check and supplement)'''''

	==== III. Identification. ====		==== III. Identification. ====
	= 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA, 138; ASM, 274].		= 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA<ref name=":3" />, 138; ASM<ref name=":4">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 274].

	= β Cassiopeiae [Koch 1995, 57, H; ASM, 105, H].		= β Cassiopeiae [Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 57, H; ASM<ref name=":4" />, 105, H].

	==== IV. Astrology. ====		==== IV. Astrology. ====
	(1) General astrological meaning; <sup>mul d</sup>TIR.AN.NA ''a-na'' [ŠE]G<sub>3</sub> NU SUR / DIŠ ''ina'' UD ''er-pi ša''<sub>2</sub> ŠEG<sub>3</sub> SUR <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.[NA G]IL ŠEG<sub>3</sub> NU SUR "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) the absence of rain. If on a cloudy day, the rainbow [is] bent when it rains,: [there will be] no rain." [ACh Ištar, 25:8; BPO 2, III 4-4a + Parallels;], the second part of the prediction seems to have a purely meteorological meaning, see also [ibid, I 8]; <sup>[m]ul</sup>TIR AN.NA ''ana'' [IM].ŠEG<sub>3</sub> ŠEG<sub>3</sub> [...] / <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>˹AB˺ [...] "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) rain [...]. Rainbow in the month of tebet [...]" [BPO 2, II 1-1a + Parallels], cf. MUL.APIN I iii 7-8, where the date of the heliacal rising of <sup>mul</sup>IM.ŠEŠ refers also to tebet (cf. i09).		(1) General astrological meaning; <sup>mul d</sup>TIR.AN.NA ''a-na'' [ŠE]G<sub>3</sub> NU SUR / DIŠ ''ina'' UD ''er-pi ša''<sub>2</sub> ŠEG<sub>3</sub> SUR <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.[NA G]IL ŠEG<sub>3</sub> NU SUR "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) the absence of rain. If on a cloudy day, the rainbow [is] bent when it rains,: [there will be] no rain." [ACh Ištar<ref>''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 25:8; BPO 2<ref name=":2" />, III 4-4a + Parallels;], the second part of the prediction seems to have a purely meteorological meaning, see also [ibid.<ref name=":2" />, I 8]; <sup>[m]ul</sup>TIR AN.NA ''ana'' [IM].ŠEG<sub>3</sub> ŠEG<sub>3</sub> [...] / <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>˹AB˺ [...] "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) rain [...]. Rainbow in the month of tebet [...]" [BPO 2<ref name=":2" />, II 1-1a + Parallels], cf. MUL.APIN I iii 7-8, where the date of the heliacal rising of <sup>mul</sup>IM.ŠEŠ refers also to tebet (cf. i09).

	(2) Moon, halo and rainbow; [diš 30 tur<sub>3</sub>] ''mar-ra-tum'' nigin lal še ''u'' še.giš.i<sub>3</sub> ''mar-ra-tum'' <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na tur<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na nigin-[''ma''] "[If the Moon] is surrounded by [a halo] (resembling) a rainbow (during its appearance): a decrease in (the harvest of) barley and sesame. Marratum means 'rainbow,' i.e., it is surrounded by a halo of rainbows"" [Koch-Westenholz 1999, 161:122]; here, too, it seems to refer to the observation of the rainbow as a natural phenomenon.		(2) Moon, halo and rainbow; [diš 30 tur<sub>3</sub>] ''mar-ra-tum'' nigin lal še ''u'' še.giš.i<sub>3</sub> ''mar-ra-tum'' <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na tur<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na nigin-[''ma''] "[If the Moon] is surrounded by [a halo] (resembling) a rainbow (during its appearance): a decrease in (the harvest of) barley and sesame. Marratum means 'rainbow,' i.e., it is surrounded by a halo of rainbows"" [Koch-Westenholz 1999<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. The Astrological Commentary ''Šumma'' ''Sîn ina tāmartīšu'' Tablet 1 // Res Orientales. 1999. Vol. XII. P.149-165.</ref>, 161:122]; here, too, it seems to refer to the observation of the rainbow as a natural phenomenon.

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==

Sushoff at 13:42, 11 September 2025

2025-09-11T13:42:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:42, 11 September 2025
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	<sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA (𒀯𒌁𒀭𒈾) = ''manzât'', 'Rainbow,' is an asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag." For rainbows in Sumerian and Akkadian terminology see Horowitz (2016)<ref>Horowitz W., 2016: “All About Rainbows,” in K. Schmid and C. Uehlinger eds., Laws of Heaven, Laws of Nature: The Legal Interpretation of Cosmic Phenomena in the Ancient World, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (OBO, Fribourg: Academic Press, and Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht): 40-51</ref>.		<sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA (𒀯𒌁𒀭𒈾) = ''manzât'', 'Rainbow,' is an asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM\|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag." For rainbows in Sumerian and Akkadian terminology see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0">Horowitz W., 2016: “All About Rainbows,” in K. Schmid and C. Uehlinger eds., Laws of Heaven, Laws of Nature: The Legal Interpretation of Cosmic Phenomena in the Ancient World, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (OBO, Fribourg: Academic Press, and Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht): 40-51</ref>.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==
	===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===		===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
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	** <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA UD ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN MU.NE / DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>U<sub>18</sub>.LUU A.AN ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>SI.SA<sub>2</sub> A.KAL ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>KUR.RA A.AN ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>MAR GIR<sub>3</sub>.BAL		** <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA UD ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN MU.NE / DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>U<sub>18</sub>.LUU A.AN ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>SI.SA<sub>2</sub> A.KAL ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>KUR.RA A.AN ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>MAR GIR<sub>3</sub>.BAL
	** "The name of the Rainbow — 'day of plenty'. If (it is seen) in the south — rain, in the north — flood, in the east — rain, in the west — desolation" (II iii 33-34) [MA, 27, 112-113, 135];		** "The name of the Rainbow — 'day of plenty'. If (it is seen) in the south — rain, in the north — flood, in the east — rain, in the west — desolation" (II iii 33-34) [MA, 27, 112-113, 135];
	The omen does not refer to the Rainbow constellation <sup>mul</sup>TIR.AN.NA, but to the rainbow as a natural phenomenon~~, <s>although the context does not seem to allow such an assumption~~.~~</s>~~ For Rainbows in Mesopotamia see Horowitz 2016.		The omen does not refer to the Rainbow constellation <sup>mul</sup>TIR.AN.NA, but to the rainbow as a natural phenomenon. For Rainbows in Mesopotamia see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0" />.
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	~~oext~~ BM 77054.		\|-
			\|Text BM 77054.
	* ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>šu ud.1.kam ''ina r''[''i-bi''<sup>?</sup>...] / <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na gu[b...]		* ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>šu ud.1.kam ''ina r''[''i-bi''<sup>?</sup>...] / <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na gu[b...]
	* "On the 1st day of duuzu before the en[tering...] / The rainbow sta[nds...]" [George 1991, 304-305, obv. 5′-6′].		* "On the 1st day of duuzu before the en[tering...] / The rainbow sta[nds...]" [George 1991, 304-305, obv. 5′-6′].
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