TU.TU - Revision history

YoulaAzkarrula at 06:25, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T06:25:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:25, 29 May 2026
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	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Sumerian]]		[[Category:Sumerian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]

JanSafford at 11:48, 24 April 2026

2026-04-24T11:48:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:48, 24 April 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is a suggested restoration for a broken star-name in a Sumerian forerunner to the star-list of Urra XXII, to be dated no later than the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE). As such, this is to early for the later identification of one of Marduk's asterisms (both planets and/or stars), for example [[:Category:Jupiter\|Jupiter]] and [[Marduk]]. No astronomical significance for Marduk is attested until the time of the composition of Enuma Elish (ca. 1100 BCE, see Lambert 2013: ???, Horowitz 2014: 6-8). Given such uncertainty, even of reading of this only example of the star-name, no identification with any asterism is advisable. For the convenience of the user, a short discussion of the divine-name Tutu and its incorporation into the Marduk/Nabu tradition of Babylon and Borsippa is retained below.		<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is a suggested restoration for a broken star-name in a Sumerian forerunner to the star-list of Urra XXII, to be dated no later than the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE). As such, this is to early for the later identification of one of Marduk's asterisms (both planets and/or stars), for example [[:Category:Jupiter\|Jupiter]] and [[Marduk]]. No astronomical significance for Marduk is attested until the time of the composition of Enuma Elish (ca. 1100 BCE, see Lambert 2013: ???, Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 6-8). Given such uncertainty, even of reading of this only example of the star-name, no identification with any asterism is advisable. For the convenience of the user, a short discussion of the divine-name Tutu and its incorporation into the Marduk/Nabu tradition of Babylon and Borsippa is retained below.

	'''Wayne check reading in Sum forerunner at University??'''		'''Wayne check reading in Sum forerunner at University??'''

Sushoff at 19:33, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T19:33:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:33, 26 March 2026
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	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is a suggested restoration for a broken star-name in a Sumerian forerunner to the star-list of Urra XXII, to be dated no later than the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE). As such, this is to early for the later identification of one of Marduk's asterisms (both planets and/or stars), for example [[:Category:Jupiter\|Jupiter]] and [[Marduk]]. No astronomical significance for Marduk is attested until the time of the composition of Enuma Elish (ca. 1100 BCE, see Lambert 2013: ???, Horowitz 2014: 6-8). Given such uncertainty, even of reading of this only example of the star-name, no identification with any asterism is advisable. For the convenience of the user, a short discussion of the divine-name Tutu and its incorporation into the Marduk/Nabu tradition of Babylon and Borsippa is retained below.		<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is a suggested restoration for a broken star-name in a Sumerian forerunner to the star-list of Urra XXII, to be dated no later than the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE). As such, this is to early for the later identification of one of Marduk's asterisms (both planets and/or stars), for example [[:Category:Jupiter\|Jupiter]] and [[Marduk]]. No astronomical significance for Marduk is attested until the time of the composition of Enuma Elish (ca. 1100 BCE, see Lambert 2013: ???, Horowitz 2014: 6-8). Given such uncertainty, even of reading of this only example of the star-name, no identification with any asterism is advisable. For the convenience of the user, a short discussion of the divine-name Tutu and its incorporation into the Marduk/Nabu tradition of Babylon and Borsippa is retained below.

Sushoff at 12:42, 11 March 2026

2026-03-11T12:42:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:42, 11 March 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is a suggested restoration for a broken star-name in a Sumerian forerunner to the star-list of Urra XXII, to be dated no later than the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE). As such, this is to early for the later identification of one of Marduk's asterisms (both planets and/or stars), for example Jupiter and Marduk. No astronomical significance for Marduk is attested until the time of the composition of Enuma Elish (ca. 1100 BCE, see Lambert 2013: ???, Horowitz 2014: 6-8). Given such uncertainty, even of reading of this only example of the star-name, no identification with any asterism is advisable. For the convenience of the user, a short discussion of the divine-name Tutu and its incorporation into the Marduk/Nabu tradition of Babylon and Borsippa is retained below.		<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is a suggested restoration for a broken star-name in a Sumerian forerunner to the star-list of Urra XXII, to be dated no later than the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE). As such, this is to early for the later identification of one of Marduk's asterisms (both planets and/or stars), for example [[:Category:Jupiter\|Jupiter]] and [[Marduk]]. No astronomical significance for Marduk is attested until the time of the composition of Enuma Elish (ca. 1100 BCE, see Lambert 2013: ???, Horowitz 2014: 6-8). Given such uncertainty, even of reading of this only example of the star-name, no identification with any asterism is advisable. For the convenience of the user, a short discussion of the divine-name Tutu and its incorporation into the Marduk/Nabu tradition of Babylon and Borsippa is retained below.

	'''Wayne check reading in Sum forerunner at University??'''		'''Wayne check reading in Sum forerunner at University??'''

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	~~<s>= <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu''; one of the names of Marduk, as planet Jupiter or Mercury (?)</s>.~~
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+

WayneHorowitz at 11:16, 8 March 2026

2026-03-08T11:16:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:16, 8 March 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is a suggested restoration for a broken star-name in a Sumerian forerunner to the star-list of Urra XXII, to be dated no later than the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE). As such, this is to early for the later identification of one of Marduk's asterisms (both planets and/or stars), for example Jupiter and Marduk. No astronomical significance for Marduk is attested until the time of the composition of Enuma Elish (ca. 1100 BCE, see Lambert 2013: ???, Horowitz 2014: 6-8). Given such uncertainty, even of reading of this only example of the star-name, no identification with any asterism is advisable. For the convenience of the user, a short discussion of the divine-name Tutu and its incorporation into the Marduk/Nabu tradition of Babylon and Borsippa is retained below.		<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is a suggested restoration for a broken star-name in a Sumerian forerunner to the star-list of Urra XXII, to be dated no later than the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE). As such, this is to early for the later identification of one of Marduk's asterisms (both planets and/or stars), for example Jupiter and Marduk. No astronomical significance for Marduk is attested until the time of the composition of Enuma Elish (ca. 1100 BCE, see Lambert 2013: ???, Horowitz 2014: 6-8). Given such uncertainty, even of reading of this only example of the star-name, no identification with any asterism is advisable. For the convenience of the user, a short discussion of the divine-name Tutu and its incorporation into the Marduk/Nabu tradition of Babylon and Borsippa is retained below.

			'''Wayne check reading in Sum forerunner at University??'''

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

WayneHorowitz: I don't think this entry is even relevant anymore but I need to check my notes on the Sumerian forerunner with photos at the University

2026-03-08T11:15:42Z

I don't think this entry is even relevant anymore but I need to check my notes on the Sumerian forerunner with photos at the University

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:15, 8 March 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is ~~an ancient Mesopotamian~~ asterism.		<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is a suggested restoration for a broken star-name in a Sumerian forerunner to the star-list of Urra XXII, to be dated no later than the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE). As such, this is to early for the later identification of one of Marduk's asterisms (both planets and/or stars), for example Jupiter and Marduk. No astronomical significance for Marduk is attested until the time of the composition of Enuma Elish (ca. 1100 BCE, see Lambert 2013: ???, Horowitz 2014: 6-8). Given such uncertainty, even of reading of this only example of the star-name, no identification with any asterism is advisable. For the convenience of the user, a short discussion of the divine-name Tutu and its incorporation into the Marduk/Nabu tradition of Babylon and Borsippa is retained below.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	= <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu''; one of the names of Marduk, as planet Jupiter or Mercury (?).		<s>= <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu''; one of the names of Marduk, as planet Jupiter or Mercury (?)</s>.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+
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	The deity <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' has been known since the Old Akkadian periods [Roberts 1972<ref>''Roberts J.J.M''. The Earliest Semitic Pantheon. Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins Univ. Press. 1972.</ref>, 54]. In Hammurabi's time, it was considered the city god of Borsippa: ''na-ra-am'' TU.TU / ''mu-ri-iš'' / <sup>uru</sup>''bar-zi-pa''<sup>ki</sup> "Tutu's favorite, pleasing Borsippa" ZX (III 10-13) and in this period, apparently, was identified with Nabu. However, in the list of gods, both early and later, <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' is invariably identified with Marduk, cf. [Weidner 1924-25<ref>''Weidner E.'' Altbabylonische Götterlisten // AfO. 1924-1925. Bd. 2. S. 1-18, 71-82.</ref>, 74:28b; Genouillac 1923<ref>''Genouillac H. de''. Grande liste de noms divins sumériens // RA. 1923. Vol. 20. P. 95-106.</ref>, 101, AO 5376 col. iii 8; Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 91:196; KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref>, 63 iii 35]. This is also mentioned in Enuma Elish (VII 9-34), as one of the 50 names of Marduk and as an independent deity in Shurpu's collection of spells (IV 65, VIII 27) [Reiner 1970<ref>''Reiner E.'' Šurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations. Osnabrück, 1970 ( AfO, Beiheft 11).</ref>, 27, 40]. In the ritual list of the 7 sons of Enmesharra <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu ša''<sub>2</sub> a.meš ku<sub>3</sub>.meš ''zu-u''<sub>2</sub> "Tutu who knows the pure waters" is equated with Kus, the deity of the constellation Mad Dog (see Kurtik u21 [[UR.IDIM]]) [Livingstone 1986<ref>''Livingstone A.'' Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.</ref>, 190, O 175:12].		The deity <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' has been known since the Old Akkadian periods [Roberts 1972<ref>''Roberts J.J.M''. The Earliest Semitic Pantheon. Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins Univ. Press. 1972.</ref>, 54]. In Hammurabi's time, it was considered the city god of Borsippa: ''na-ra-am'' TU.TU / ''mu-ri-iš'' / <sup>uru</sup>''bar-zi-pa''<sup>ki</sup> "Tutu's favorite, pleasing Borsippa" ZX (III 10-13) and in this period, apparently, was identified with Nabu. However, in the list of gods, both early and later, <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' is invariably identified with Marduk, cf. [Weidner 1924-25<ref>''Weidner E.'' Altbabylonische Götterlisten // AfO. 1924-1925. Bd. 2. S. 1-18, 71-82.</ref>, 74:28b; Genouillac 1923<ref>''Genouillac H. de''. Grande liste de noms divins sumériens // RA. 1923. Vol. 20. P. 95-106.</ref>, 101, AO 5376 col. iii 8; Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 91:196; KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref>, 63 iii 35]. This is also mentioned in Enuma Elish (VII 9-34), as one of the 50 names of Marduk and as an independent deity in Shurpu's collection of spells (IV 65, VIII 27) [Reiner 1970<ref>''Reiner E.'' Šurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations. Osnabrück, 1970 ( AfO, Beiheft 11).</ref>, 27, 40]. In the ritual list of the 7 sons of Enmesharra <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu ša''<sub>2</sub> a.meš ku<sub>3</sub>.meš ''zu-u''<sub>2</sub> "Tutu who knows the pure waters" is equated with Kus, the deity of the constellation Mad Dog (see Kurtik u21 [[UR.IDIM]]) [Livingstone 1986<ref>''Livingstone A.'' Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.</ref>, 190, O 175:12].

	~~Sumerian~~ star list — the only source in which <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' appears as an astral deity. It is probably one of the names of Marduk associated with Jupiter, but an identification with Nabu (= Mercury) cannot be ruled out (see above). If the latter were to be considered as true, this text can be regarded as the earliest known mention of the planet Mercury in Mesopotamian sources (?).		<s>Sumerian star list — the only source in which <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' appears as an astral deity. It is probably one of the names of Marduk associated with Jupiter, but an identification with Nabu (= Mercury) cannot be ruled out (see above). If the latter were to be considered as true, this text can be regarded as the earliest known mention of the planet Mercury in Mesopotamian sources (?).</s>

	==Historical Dictionaries==		==Historical Dictionaries==

Sushoff at 09:22, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T09:22:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:22, 17 January 2026
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			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
			----
	<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.		<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	= <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu''; one of the names of Marduk, as planet Jupiter or Mercury (?).		= <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu''; one of the names of Marduk, as planet Jupiter or Mercury (?).

Sushoff at 17:45, 8 January 2026

2026-01-08T17:45:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:45, 8 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.		<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	~~===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===~~
	= <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu''; one of the names of Marduk, as planet Jupiter or Mercury (?).		= <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu''; one of the names of Marduk, as planet Jupiter or Mercury (?).
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Sushoff at 17:44, 8 January 2026

2026-01-08T17:44:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:44, 8 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.		<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===		===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
	= <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu''; one of the names of Marduk, as planet Jupiter or Mercury (?).		= <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu''; one of the names of Marduk, as planet Jupiter or Mercury (?).
Line 15:		Line 15:
	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== ~~II.~~ Deity. ====		==== Deity. ====
	The deity <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' has been known since the Old Akkadian periods [Roberts 1972<ref>''Roberts J.J.M''. The Earliest Semitic Pantheon. Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins Univ. Press. 1972.</ref>, 54]. In Hammurabi's time, it was considered the city god of Borsippa: ''na-ra-am'' TU.TU / ''mu-ri-iš'' / <sup>uru</sup>''bar-zi-pa''<sup>ki</sup> "Tutu's favorite, pleasing Borsippa" ZX (III 10-13) and in this period, apparently, was identified with Nabu. However, in the list of gods, both early and later, <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' is invariably identified with Marduk, cf. [Weidner 1924-25<ref>''Weidner E.'' Altbabylonische Götterlisten // AfO. 1924-1925. Bd. 2. S. 1-18, 71-82.</ref>, 74:28b; Genouillac 1923<ref>''Genouillac H. de''. Grande liste de noms divins sumériens // RA. 1923. Vol. 20. P. 95-106.</ref>, 101, AO 5376 col. iii 8; Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 91:196; KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref>, 63 iii 35]. This is also mentioned in Enuma Elish (VII 9-34), as one of the 50 names of Marduk and as an independent deity in Shurpu's collection of spells (IV 65, VIII 27) [Reiner 1970<ref>''Reiner E.'' Šurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations. Osnabrück, 1970 ( AfO, Beiheft 11).</ref>, 27, 40]. In the ritual list of the 7 sons of Enmesharra <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu ša''<sub>2</sub> a.meš ku<sub>3</sub>.meš ''zu-u''<sub>2</sub> "Tutu who knows the pure waters" is equated with Kus, the deity of the constellation Mad Dog (see Kurtik u21 [[UR.IDIM]]) [Livingstone 1986<ref>''Livingstone A.'' Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.</ref>, 190, O 175:12].		The deity <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' has been known since the Old Akkadian periods [Roberts 1972<ref>''Roberts J.J.M''. The Earliest Semitic Pantheon. Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins Univ. Press. 1972.</ref>, 54]. In Hammurabi's time, it was considered the city god of Borsippa: ''na-ra-am'' TU.TU / ''mu-ri-iš'' / <sup>uru</sup>''bar-zi-pa''<sup>ki</sup> "Tutu's favorite, pleasing Borsippa" ZX (III 10-13) and in this period, apparently, was identified with Nabu. However, in the list of gods, both early and later, <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' is invariably identified with Marduk, cf. [Weidner 1924-25<ref>''Weidner E.'' Altbabylonische Götterlisten // AfO. 1924-1925. Bd. 2. S. 1-18, 71-82.</ref>, 74:28b; Genouillac 1923<ref>''Genouillac H. de''. Grande liste de noms divins sumériens // RA. 1923. Vol. 20. P. 95-106.</ref>, 101, AO 5376 col. iii 8; Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 91:196; KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref>, 63 iii 35]. This is also mentioned in Enuma Elish (VII 9-34), as one of the 50 names of Marduk and as an independent deity in Shurpu's collection of spells (IV 65, VIII 27) [Reiner 1970<ref>''Reiner E.'' Šurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations. Osnabrück, 1970 ( AfO, Beiheft 11).</ref>, 27, 40]. In the ritual list of the 7 sons of Enmesharra <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu ša''<sub>2</sub> a.meš ku<sub>3</sub>.meš ''zu-u''<sub>2</sub> "Tutu who knows the pure waters" is equated with Kus, the deity of the constellation Mad Dog (see Kurtik u21 [[UR.IDIM]]) [Livingstone 1986<ref>''Livingstone A.'' Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.</ref>, 190, O 175:12].

InitTeam at 09:53, 12 October 2025

2025-10-12T09:53:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:53, 12 October 2025
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	\|'''Lexical texts.'''		\|'''Lexical texts.'''
	* Old Babylonian monolingual Sumerian list of stars: <sup>mul d</sup>T[U.TU] [MSL XI, 136, Forerunner 2, rev. ii 2]. The latest edition of the text gives <sup>mul d</sup>x [x] instead of <sup>mul d</sup>T[U.TU] [Horowitz 2005, 167].		* Old Babylonian monolingual Sumerian list of stars: <sup>mul d</sup>T[U.TU] [MSL XI<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 136, Forerunner 2, rev. ii 2]. The latest edition of the text gives <sup>mul d</sup>x [x] instead of <sup>mul d</sup>T[U.TU] [Horowitz 2005<ref>Horowitz, W. (2005). Some thoughts on Sumerian star-names and Sumerian astronomy. In Y. Sefati, P. Artzi, C. Cohen, B. L. Eichler, & V. A. Hurowitz (Eds.), An Experienced Scribe Who Neglects Nothing: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Jacob Klein (pp. 163-178). CDL Press.</ref>, 167].
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	\|}		\|}
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	==== II. Deity. ====		==== II. Deity. ====
	The deity <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' has been known since the Old Akkadian periods [Roberts 1972, 54]. In Hammurabi's time, it was considered the city god of Borsippa: ''na-ra-am'' TU.TU / ''mu-ri-iš'' / <sup>uru</sup>''bar-zi-pa''<sup>ki</sup> "Tutu's favorite, pleasing Borsippa" ZX (III 10-13) and in this period, apparently, was identified with Nabu. However, in the list of gods, both early and later, <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' is invariably identified with Marduk, cf. [Weidner 1924-25, 74:28b; Genouillac 1923, 101, AO 5376 col. iii 8; Litke 1998, 91:196; KAV, 63 iii 35]. This is also mentioned in Enuma Elish (VII 9-34), as one of the ~~50 names~~ of Marduk and as an independent deity in Shurpu's collection of spells (IV 65, VIII 27) [Reiner 1970, 27, 40]. In the ritual list of the 7 sons of Enmesharra <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu ša''<sub>2</sub> a.meš ku<sub>3</sub>.meš zu-u<sub>2</sub> "Tutu who knows the pure waters" is equated with Kus, the deity of the constellation Mad Dog (see Kurtik u21 [[UR.IDIM]]) [Livingstone 1986, 190, O 175:12].		The deity <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' has been known since the Old Akkadian periods [Roberts 1972<ref>''Roberts J.J.M''. The Earliest Semitic Pantheon. Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins Univ. Press. 1972.</ref>, 54]. In Hammurabi's time, it was considered the city god of Borsippa: ''na-ra-am'' TU.TU / ''mu-ri-iš'' / <sup>uru</sup>''bar-zi-pa''<sup>ki</sup> "Tutu's favorite, pleasing Borsippa" ZX (III 10-13) and in this period, apparently, was identified with Nabu. However, in the list of gods, both early and later, <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' is invariably identified with Marduk, cf. [Weidner 1924-25<ref>''Weidner E.'' Altbabylonische Götterlisten // AfO. 1924-1925. Bd. 2. S. 1-18, 71-82.</ref>, 74:28b; Genouillac 1923<ref>''Genouillac H. de''. Grande liste de noms divins sumériens // RA. 1923. Vol. 20. P. 95-106.</ref>, 101, AO 5376 col. iii 8; Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 91:196; KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref>, 63 iii 35]. This is also mentioned in Enuma Elish (VII 9-34), as one of the 50 names of Marduk and as an independent deity in Shurpu's collection of spells (IV 65, VIII 27) [Reiner 1970<ref>''Reiner E.'' Šurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations. Osnabrück, 1970 ( AfO, Beiheft 11).</ref>, 27, 40]. In the ritual list of the 7 sons of Enmesharra <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu ša''<sub>2</sub> a.meš ku<sub>3</sub>.meš ''zu-u''<sub>2</sub> "Tutu who knows the pure waters" is equated with Kus, the deity of the constellation Mad Dog (see Kurtik u21 [[UR.IDIM]]) [Livingstone 1986<ref>''Livingstone A.'' Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.</ref>, 190, O 175:12].

	Sumerian star list — the only source in which <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' appears as an astral deity. It is probably one of the names of Marduk associated with Jupiter, but an identification with Nabu (= Mercury) cannot be ruled out (see above). If the latter were to be considered as true, this text can be regarded as the earliest known mention of the planet Mercury in Mesopotamian sources (?).		Sumerian star list — the only source in which <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' appears as an astral deity. It is probably one of the names of Marduk associated with Jupiter, but an identification with Nabu (= Mercury) cannot be ruled out (see above). If the latter were to be considered as true, this text can be regarded as the earliest known mention of the planet Mercury in Mesopotamian sources (?).