Tiangang - Revision history

ASEtech: infocards and infobox

2026-09-30T03:04:49Z

infocards and infobox

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 Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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 {{Infobox constellation|name=Tiangang|native=天綱|translation=Celestial Rope|pronounce=Tiān Gāng|IPA=/tʰjɛn˥.kɑŋ˥/|culture=Chinese|RA=337.8787083
 |dec=-32.34333333
 |areatotal=0|numbermainstars=1|numberbfstars=1|numberstarsplanets=|numberbrightstars=0|numbernearbystars=|brighteststarname=β PsA (After Northern Song dynasty)|starmagnitude=4.29|neareststarname=|stardistance=|numbermessierobjects=|meteorshowers=|bordering=PsA|notes=|cat=constellation}}
 Tiān Gāng (天綱, Celestial Rope) is a traditional Chinese asterism belonging to the [[Yingshi and Ligong|Shi (室)]] mansion, the sixth of the seven mansions of the Black Tortoise of the North in the Twenty-Eight Mansions system. Among the Three Schools of ancient Chinese astronomy, it is classified as a Wu Xian asterism. The asterism consists of a single star located southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen|Běiluò Shīmén]] (北落師門, α Piscis Austrini, [[Fomalhaut]]). In modern constellation boundaries, Tiangang lies within [[Piscis Austrinus]] (the Southern Fish). The name "Tiān Gāng" literally means "Celestial Rope" — a reference to the large ropes used to pitch tents — and symbolically represents the Celestial Military Tent of the emperor on campaign.
@@ Line 97: / Line 125: @@
 In 2026, the name "Tiangang" was proposed for β PsA in this constellation, as β PsA represents the later identification of the star.
-Decision: Adopted on 17 Sept 2026.
+Decision: Adopted on 17 Sept 2026.<gallery>
 ==References ==

Sushoff at 10:28, 17 September 2026

2026-09-17T10:28:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:28, 17 September 2026
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	\|areatotal=0\|numbermainstars=1\|numberbfstars=1\|numberstarsplanets=\|numberbrightstars=0\|numbernearbystars=\|brighteststarname=β PsA (After Northern Song dynasty)\|starmagnitude=4.29\|neareststarname=\|stardistance=\|numbermessierobjects=\|meteorshowers=\|bordering=PsA\|notes=\|cat=constellation}}		\|areatotal=0\|numbermainstars=1\|numberbfstars=1\|numberstarsplanets=\|numberbrightstars=0\|numbernearbystars=\|brighteststarname=β PsA (After Northern Song dynasty)\|starmagnitude=4.29\|neareststarname=\|stardistance=\|numbermessierobjects=\|meteorshowers=\|bordering=PsA\|notes=\|cat=constellation}}
	Tiān Gāng (天綱, Celestial Rope) is a traditional Chinese asterism belonging to the [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Shi (室)]] mansion, the sixth of the seven mansions of the Black Tortoise of the North in the Twenty-Eight Mansions system. Among the Three Schools of ancient Chinese astronomy, it is classified as a Wu Xian asterism. The asterism consists of a single star located southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen\|Běiluò Shīmén]] (北落師門, α Piscis Austrini, [[Fomalhaut]]). In modern constellation boundaries, Tiangang lies within [[Piscis Austrinus]] (the Southern Fish). The name "Tiān Gāng" literally means "Celestial Rope" — a reference to the large ropes used to pitch tents — and symbolically represents the Celestial Military Tent of the emperor on campaign.		Tiān Gāng (天綱, Celestial Rope) is a traditional Chinese asterism belonging to the [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Shi (室)]] mansion, the sixth of the seven mansions of the Black Tortoise of the North in the Twenty-Eight Mansions system. Among the Three Schools of ancient Chinese astronomy, it is classified as a Wu Xian asterism. The asterism consists of a single star located southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen\|Běiluò Shīmén]] (北落師門, α Piscis Austrini, [[Fomalhaut]]). In modern constellation boundaries, Tiangang lies within [[Piscis Austrinus]] (the Southern Fish). The name "Tiān Gāng" literally means "Celestial Rope" — a reference to the large ropes used to pitch tents — and symbolically represents the Celestial Military Tent of the emperor on campaign.

			Tiangang is a modern star name for β PsA since September 2026.

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==

ASEtech at 08:32, 17 September 2026

2026-09-17T08:32:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:32, 17 September 2026
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	In 2026, the name "Tiangang" was proposed for β PsA in this constellation, as β PsA represents the later identification of the star.		In 2026, the name "Tiangang" was proposed for β PsA in this constellation, as β PsA represents the later identification of the star.

	Decision: ...		Decision: Adopted on 17 Sept 2026.

	==References ==		==References ==

ASEtech at 08:31, 17 September 2026

2026-09-17T08:31:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:31, 17 September 2026
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	[[Category:PsA]]		[[Category:PsA]]
	[[Category:Single star-asterism]]		[[Category:Single star-asterism]]
			[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]

HaochengLyu at 02:00, 3 September 2026

2026-09-03T02:00:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:00, 3 September 2026
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	Tiangang is located adjacent to [[Beiluo Shimen\|'''Beiluo Shimen''']] ([[Fomalhaut]]) — the gate of the northern military camp; Tiangang is the emperor's tent pitched beside the camp gate, just outside the encampment — the command post where the emperor presides when personally leading a campaign. Together with the surrounding asterisms — '''Leibizhen''' (壘壁陣, Line of Ramparts), '''Yulinjun''' (羽林軍, Palace Guard) — they form a complete celestial military encampment.		Tiangang is located adjacent to [[Beiluo Shimen\|'''Beiluo Shimen''']] ([[Fomalhaut]]) — the gate of the northern military camp; Tiangang is the emperor's tent pitched beside the camp gate, just outside the encampment — the command post where the emperor presides when personally leading a campaign. Together with the surrounding asterisms — '''Leibizhen''' (壘壁陣, Line of Ramparts), '''Yulinjun''' (羽林軍, Palace Guard) — they form a complete celestial military encampment.

	~~It should be noted, however, that while~~ the interpretation of Tiangang as "the emperor's military tent within the celestial camp" is well established, historical records also preserve another dimension of its meaning: Tiangang was also understood as the emperor's tent for hunting expeditions and field encampments — a connotation likely closer to the asterism's original significance, as suggested by the early Wu Xian account cited above. Notably, to the southeast of Tiangang lies the Gan School asterism '''Bakui''' (八魁, Net for Catching Birds and Beasts), which was explicitly associated with hunting and trapping. The ''Book of Jin'' states:<blockquote>"Nine stars southeast of Beiluo Shimen are called Bakui; they govern birds and beasts."</blockquote>The hunting connotation of Tiangang may well have been inspired by the adjacent Bakui, with the two asterisms together forming a celestial tableau of imperial hunting.		While the interpretation of Tiangang as "the emperor's military tent within the celestial camp" is well established, historical records also preserve another dimension of its meaning: Tiangang was also understood as the emperor's tent for hunting expeditions and field encampments — a connotation likely closer to the asterism's original significance, as suggested by the early Wu Xian account cited above. Notably, to the southeast of Tiangang lies the Gan School asterism '''Bakui''' (八魁, Net for Catching Birds and Beasts), which was explicitly associated with hunting and trapping. The ''Book of Jin'' states:<blockquote>"Nine stars southeast of Beiluo Shimen are called Bakui; they govern birds and beasts."</blockquote>The hunting connotation of Tiangang may well have been inspired by the adjacent Bakui, with the two asterisms together forming a celestial tableau of imperial hunting.

	=== Archaeological Evidence ===		=== Archaeological Evidence ===

HaochengLyu: Add explanations related to hunting

2026-09-02T09:08:21Z

Add explanations related to hunting

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:08, 2 September 2026
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	{{Infobox constellation\|name=Tiangang\|native=天綱\|translation=Celestial Rope\|pronounce=Tiān Gāng\|IPA=/tʰjɛn˥.kɑŋ˥/\|culture=Chinese\|RA=337.8787083		{{Infobox constellation\|name=Tiangang\|native=天綱\|translation=Celestial Rope\|pronounce=Tiān Gāng\|IPA=/tʰjɛn˥.kɑŋ˥/\|culture=Chinese\|RA=337.8787083
	\|dec=-32.34333333		\|dec=-32.34333333
	\|areatotal=0\|numbermainstars=1\|numberbfstars=1\|numberstarsplanets=\|numberbrightstars=0\|numbernearbystars=\|brighteststarname=β ~~Psc~~\|starmagnitude=4.29\|neareststarname=\|stardistance=\|numbermessierobjects=\|meteorshowers=\|bordering=PsA\|notes=\|cat=constellation}}		\|areatotal=0\|numbermainstars=1\|numberbfstars=1\|numberstarsplanets=\|numberbrightstars=0\|numbernearbystars=\|brighteststarname=β PsA (After Northern Song dynasty)\|starmagnitude=4.29\|neareststarname=\|stardistance=\|numbermessierobjects=\|meteorshowers=\|bordering=PsA\|notes=\|cat=constellation}}
	Tiān Gāng (天綱, Celestial Rope) is a traditional Chinese asterism belonging to the [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Shi (室)]] mansion, the sixth of the seven mansions of the Black Tortoise of the North in the Twenty-Eight Mansions system. Among the Three Schools of ancient Chinese astronomy, it is classified as a Wu Xian asterism. The asterism consists of a single star located southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen\|Běiluò Shīmén]] (北落師門, α Piscis Austrini, [[Fomalhaut]]). In modern constellation boundaries, Tiangang lies within [[Piscis Austrinus]] (the Southern Fish). The name "Tiān Gāng" literally means "Celestial Rope" — a reference to the large ropes used to pitch tents — and symbolically represents the Celestial Military Tent of the emperor on campaign.		Tiān Gāng (天綱, Celestial Rope) is a traditional Chinese asterism belonging to the [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Shi (室)]] mansion, the sixth of the seven mansions of the Black Tortoise of the North in the Twenty-Eight Mansions system. Among the Three Schools of ancient Chinese astronomy, it is classified as a Wu Xian asterism. The asterism consists of a single star located southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen\|Běiluò Shīmén]] (北落師門, α Piscis Austrini, [[Fomalhaut]]). In modern constellation boundaries, Tiangang lies within [[Piscis Austrinus]] (the Southern Fish). The name "Tiān Gāng" literally means "Celestial Rope" — a reference to the large ropes used to pitch tents — and symbolically represents the Celestial Military Tent of the emperor on campaign.

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	The ''Book of Jin'' (Jinshu, 晉書) states in its "Treatise on Astronomy": "One star southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen]] is called Tiangang; it governs the military tent." The ''History of Song, Treatise on Astronomy'' (Songshi: Tianwen Zhi, 宋史·天文志) adds: "Tiangang, one star, southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen]] — it governs the military tent and palace lodges, where the Emperor gathers for hunting expeditions."		The ''Book of Jin'' (Jinshu, 晉書) states in its "Treatise on Astronomy": "One star southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen]] is called Tiangang; it governs the military tent." The ''History of Song, Treatise on Astronomy'' (Songshi: Tianwen Zhi, 宋史·天文志) adds: "Tiangang, one star, southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen]] — it governs the military tent and palace lodges, where the Emperor gathers for hunting expeditions."

	Tiangang is located adjacent to [[Beiluo Shimen]] ([[Fomalhaut]]) — the gate of the northern military camp; Tiangang is the emperor's tent ~~within that~~ camp — the command post where the emperor presides when personally leading a campaign. Together with the surrounding asterisms — ~~Lěibìzhèn~~ (壘壁陣, Line of Ramparts), ~~Yǔlínjūn~~ (羽林軍, Palace Guard) — they form a complete celestial military encampment.		Tiangang is located adjacent to [[Beiluo Shimen\|'''Beiluo Shimen''']] ([[Fomalhaut]]) — the gate of the northern military camp; Tiangang is the emperor's tent pitched beside the camp gate, just outside the encampment — the command post where the emperor presides when personally leading a campaign. Together with the surrounding asterisms — '''Leibizhen''' (壘壁陣, Line of Ramparts), '''Yulinjun''' (羽林軍, Palace Guard) — they form a complete celestial military encampment.

			It should be noted, however, that while the interpretation of Tiangang as "the emperor's military tent within the celestial camp" is well established, historical records also preserve another dimension of its meaning: Tiangang was also understood as the emperor's tent for hunting expeditions and field encampments — a connotation likely closer to the asterism's original significance, as suggested by the early Wu Xian account cited above. Notably, to the southeast of Tiangang lies the Gan School asterism '''Bakui''' (八魁, Net for Catching Birds and Beasts), which was explicitly associated with hunting and trapping. The ''Book of Jin'' states:<blockquote>"Nine stars southeast of Beiluo Shimen are called Bakui; they govern birds and beasts."</blockquote>The hunting connotation of Tiangang may well have been inspired by the adjacent Bakui, with the two asterisms together forming a celestial tableau of imperial hunting.

	=== Archaeological Evidence ===		=== Archaeological Evidence ===

HaochengLyu: Small fix

2026-08-30T15:25:06Z

Small fix

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:25, 30 August 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|[[File:Tiangang in Xinyixiangfayao star map.png\|alt=Tiangang in Xinyixiangfayao star map\|thumb\|Tiangang (right) and Beiluo Shimen (left) in ''Xinyixiangfayao'' star map]][[File:Tiangang in Suzhou star map.png\|alt=Tiangang in Suzhou star map\|thumb\|Tiangang in Suzhou star map]]		\|[[File:Tiangang in Xinyixiangfayao star map.png\|alt=Tiangang in Xinyixiangfayao star map\|thumb\|Tiangang (right) and Beiluo Shimen (left) in ''Xinyixiangfayao'' star map]][[File:Tiangang in Suzhou star map.png\|alt=Tiangang in Suzhou star map\|thumb\|Tiangang in Suzhou star map]]
	\|[[File:Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen in Northern Song Dynasty ( based on 1052 obserrvation) Reconstructed by PAN Nai (2009).png\|alt=Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen in Northern Song Dynasty (based on 1052 obserrvation) Reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009)\|thumb\|Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen in Northern Song Dynasty ( based on 1052 obserrvation) Reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009)]]		\|[[File:Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen in Northern Song Dynasty ( based on 1052 obserrvation) Reconstructed by PAN Nai (2009).png\|alt=Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen in Northern Song Dynasty (based on 1052 obserrvation) Reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009)\|thumb\|Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen in Northern Song Dynasty (based on 1052 obserrvation) Reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009)]]
	\|[[File:Tiangang and Beiluo Shimenin 1052 (Huangyou reign of Song) by Pan Nai in Stellarium.png\|alt=Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen 1052 (Huangyou reign of Song) by Pan Nai in Stellarium\|thumb\|Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen ~~1052~~ (Huangyou reign ~~of Song~~) by Pan Nai in Stellarium]]		\|[[File:Tiangang and Beiluo Shimenin 1052 (Huangyou reign of Song) by Pan Nai in Stellarium.png\|alt=Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen 1052 (Huangyou reign of Song) by Pan Nai in Stellarium\|thumb\|Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen in Northern Song Dynasty (based on Huangyou reign, 1052) by Pan Nai in Stellarium]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[File:Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen in Xianglin star map.png\|alt=Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen in Xianglin star map\|thumb\|Tiangang (right) and Beiluo Shimen (left) in Xianglin, a 17th-century non-official star map]]		\|[[File:Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen in Xianglin star map.png\|alt=Tiangang and Beiluo Shimen in Xianglin star map\|thumb\|Tiangang (right) and Beiluo Shimen (left) in Xianglin, a 17th-century non-official star map]]

HaochengLyu: Small fix

2026-08-27T13:35:18Z

Small fix

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:35, 27 August 2026
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	\| '''Tiangang'''		\| '''Tiangang'''
	\| style="color: gray;" \| β PsA		\| style="color: gray;" \| β PsA
	\| γ ~~Psc~~		\| γ PsA
	\| β ~~Psc~~		\| β PsA
	\| γ Gru		\| γ Gru
	\| δ PsA		\| δ PsA

HaochengLyu: Small change

2026-08-27T13:22:17Z

Small change

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:22, 27 August 2026
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	\|dec=-32.34333333		\|dec=-32.34333333
	\|areatotal=0\|numbermainstars=1\|numberbfstars=1\|numberstarsplanets=\|numberbrightstars=0\|numbernearbystars=\|brighteststarname=β Psc\|starmagnitude=4.29\|neareststarname=\|stardistance=\|numbermessierobjects=\|meteorshowers=\|bordering=PsA\|notes=\|cat=constellation}}		\|areatotal=0\|numbermainstars=1\|numberbfstars=1\|numberstarsplanets=\|numberbrightstars=0\|numbernearbystars=\|brighteststarname=β Psc\|starmagnitude=4.29\|neareststarname=\|stardistance=\|numbermessierobjects=\|meteorshowers=\|bordering=PsA\|notes=\|cat=constellation}}
	Tiān Gāng (天綱, Celestial Rope) is a traditional Chinese asterism belonging to the [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Shi (室)]] mansion, the sixth of the seven mansions of the Black Tortoise of the North in the Twenty-Eight Mansions system. Among the Three Schools of ancient Chinese astronomy, it is classified as a Wu Xian asterism. The asterism consists of a single star located southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen\|Běiluò Shīmén]] ([[Fomalhaut~~\|α Piscis Austrini~~]]). In modern constellation boundaries, Tiangang lies within [[Piscis Austrinus]] (the Southern Fish). The name "Tiān Gāng" literally means "Celestial Rope" — a reference to the large ropes used to pitch tents — and symbolically represents the Celestial Military Tent of the emperor on campaign.		Tiān Gāng (天綱, Celestial Rope) is a traditional Chinese asterism belonging to the [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Shi (室)]] mansion, the sixth of the seven mansions of the Black Tortoise of the North in the Twenty-Eight Mansions system. Among the Three Schools of ancient Chinese astronomy, it is classified as a Wu Xian asterism. The asterism consists of a single star located southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen\|Běiluò Shīmén]] (北落師門, α Piscis Austrini, [[Fomalhaut]]). In modern constellation boundaries, Tiangang lies within [[Piscis Austrinus]] (the Southern Fish). The name "Tiān Gāng" literally means "Celestial Rope" — a reference to the large ropes used to pitch tents — and symbolically represents the Celestial Military Tent of the emperor on campaign.

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==

HaochengLyu: Added links

2026-08-27T13:17:59Z

Added links

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:17, 27 August 2026
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	\|dec=-32.34333333		\|dec=-32.34333333
	\|areatotal=0\|numbermainstars=1\|numberbfstars=1\|numberstarsplanets=\|numberbrightstars=0\|numbernearbystars=\|brighteststarname=β Psc\|starmagnitude=4.29\|neareststarname=\|stardistance=\|numbermessierobjects=\|meteorshowers=\|bordering=PsA\|notes=\|cat=constellation}}		\|areatotal=0\|numbermainstars=1\|numberbfstars=1\|numberstarsplanets=\|numberbrightstars=0\|numbernearbystars=\|brighteststarname=β Psc\|starmagnitude=4.29\|neareststarname=\|stardistance=\|numbermessierobjects=\|meteorshowers=\|bordering=PsA\|notes=\|cat=constellation}}
	Tiān Gāng (天綱, Celestial Rope) is a traditional Chinese asterism belonging to the [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Shi (室)]] mansion, the sixth of the seven mansions of the Black Tortoise of the North in the Twenty-Eight Mansions system. Among the Three Schools of ancient Chinese astronomy, it is classified as a Wu Xian asterism. The asterism consists of a single star located southwest of Běiluò Shīmén (~~北落師門,~~ [[Fomalhaut\|α Piscis Austrini]]). In modern constellation boundaries, Tiangang lies within [[Piscis Austrinus]] (the Southern Fish). The name "Tiān Gāng" literally means "Celestial Rope" — a reference to the large ropes used to pitch tents — and symbolically represents the Celestial Military Tent of the emperor on campaign.		Tiān Gāng (天綱, Celestial Rope) is a traditional Chinese asterism belonging to the [[Yingshi and Ligong\|Shi (室)]] mansion, the sixth of the seven mansions of the Black Tortoise of the North in the Twenty-Eight Mansions system. Among the Three Schools of ancient Chinese astronomy, it is classified as a Wu Xian asterism. The asterism consists of a single star located southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen\|Běiluò Shīmén]] ([[Fomalhaut\|α Piscis Austrini]]). In modern constellation boundaries, Tiangang lies within [[Piscis Austrinus]] (the Southern Fish). The name "Tiān Gāng" literally means "Celestial Rope" — a reference to the large ropes used to pitch tents — and symbolically represents the Celestial Military Tent of the emperor on campaign.

	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
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	This interpretation is echoed in Li Bo's ''Tianwen Daxiang Fu'' (天文大象賦 / Rhapsody on the Great Images of the Celestial Sphere), which describes: "The Celestial Money accumulates like a mountain of tribute; the Celestial Rope provides rest and a field banquet." (天錢納贐以山積，天綱憩輿而野饗) Here, Tiangang is depicted as the emperor's resting place and banquet site during military campaigns.		This interpretation is echoed in Li Bo's ''Tianwen Daxiang Fu'' (天文大象賦 / Rhapsody on the Great Images of the Celestial Sphere), which describes: "The Celestial Money accumulates like a mountain of tribute; the Celestial Rope provides rest and a field banquet." (天錢納贐以山積，天綱憩輿而野饗) Here, Tiangang is depicted as the emperor's resting place and banquet site during military campaigns.

	The ''Book of Jin'' (Jinshu, 晉書) states in its "Treatise on Astronomy": "One star southwest of [[~~Fomalhaut\|~~Beiluo Shimen]] is called Tiangang; it governs the military tent." The ''History of Song, Treatise on Astronomy'' (Songshi: Tianwen Zhi, 宋史·天文志) adds: "Tiangang, one star, southwest of [[~~Fomalhaut\|~~Beiluo Shimen]] — it governs the military tent and palace lodges, where the Emperor gathers for hunting expeditions."		The ''Book of Jin'' (Jinshu, 晉書) states in its "Treatise on Astronomy": "One star southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen]] is called Tiangang; it governs the military tent." The ''History of Song, Treatise on Astronomy'' (Songshi: Tianwen Zhi, 宋史·天文志) adds: "Tiangang, one star, southwest of [[Beiluo Shimen]] — it governs the military tent and palace lodges, where the Emperor gathers for hunting expeditions."

	Tiangang is located adjacent to [[~~Fomalhaut\|~~Beiluo Shimen (~~北落師門)~~]] — the gate of the northern military camp; Tiangang is the emperor's tent within that camp — the command post where the emperor presides when personally leading a campaign. Together with the surrounding asterisms — Lěibìzhèn (壘壁陣, Line of Ramparts), Yǔlínjūn (羽林軍, Palace Guard) — they form a complete celestial military encampment.		Tiangang is located adjacent to [[Beiluo Shimen]] ([[Fomalhaut]]) — the gate of the northern military camp; Tiangang is the emperor's tent within that camp — the command post where the emperor presides when personally leading a campaign. Together with the surrounding asterisms — Lěibìzhèn (壘壁陣, Line of Ramparts), Yǔlínjūn (羽林軍, Palace Guard) — they form a complete celestial military encampment.

	=== Archaeological Evidence ===		=== Archaeological Evidence ===
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	The identification of Tiangang has shifted over time. The early Tiangang star was likely γ PsA. The ''Tongzhan Daxiangli Xingjing'' (通占大象曆星經) records Tiangang as two stars, although the star numbers in this text are known to contain numerous errors. This alternative identification, however, appears only in this text; the mainstream tradition consistently records it as a single star. If accepted, they would correspond to γ and δ PsA.		The identification of Tiangang has shifted over time. The early Tiangang star was likely γ PsA. The ''Tongzhan Daxiangli Xingjing'' (通占大象曆星經) records Tiangang as two stars, although the star numbers in this text are known to contain numerous errors. This alternative identification, however, appears only in this text; the mainstream tradition consistently records it as a single star. If accepted, they would correspond to γ and δ PsA.

	During the Northern Song Huangyou reign (1052 CE), the observation of Tiangang was revised to β PsA, and this identification became fixed. The Yuan dynasty ''Tianwen Huichao'' (天文匯抄, 14th century) instead placed it at γ Gru, far from Beiluo Shimen; the late Ming Xianglin (象林, 17th century), a non-official star map, followed a similar identification. However, most contemporary star charts continued to depict it beside Beiluo Shimen, indicating that the β PsA identification remained a mainstream tradition.		During the Northern Song Huangyou reign (1052 CE), the observation of Tiangang was revised to β PsA, and this identification became fixed. The Yuan dynasty ''Tianwen Huichao'' (天文匯抄, 14th century) instead placed it at γ Gru, far from [[Beiluo Shimen]]; the late Ming Xianglin (象林, 17th century), a non-official star map, followed a similar identification. However, most contemporary star charts continued to depict it beside [[Beiluo Shimen]], indicating that the β PsA identification remained a mainstream tradition.

	In the late Ming, the Jesuit-led official star catalogue deleted Tiangang altogether. It was restored in the 18th-century Qing catalogue ''Yixiang Kaocheng'' (儀象考成), but reassigned to δ PsA.		In the late Ming, the Jesuit-led official star catalogue deleted Tiangang altogether. It was restored in the 18th-century Qing catalogue ''Yixiang Kaocheng'' (儀象考成), but reassigned to δ PsA.