Tianjin - Revision history

Sushoff: /* IAU Working Group on Star Names */

2026-07-25T10:03:27Z

IAU Working Group on Star Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:03, 25 July 2026
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	\| cat = constellation		\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
			[[File:Tianjinnan Event.jpg\|thumb\|Tianjin event card (CC BY M. Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU WGSN).]]
	''Tiān Jīn'' (天津, Celestial Ford or Celestial Ferry), a Chinese constellation consists of 9 stars, located in [[Cygnus]]. This constellation is regarded as the "ferry or bridge of the Milky Way in the sky" because it spans across the Milky Way.		''Tiān Jīn'' (天津, Celestial Ford or Celestial Ferry), a Chinese constellation consists of 9 stars, located in [[Cygnus]]. This constellation is regarded as the "ferry or bridge of the Milky Way in the sky" because it spans across the Milky Way.

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	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In 2026, the name "Tianjinnan" was suggested to be used for ζ Cyg in this constellation. "Tianjinnan" means "Southern star of Tianjin", because ζ Cyg is the southernmost star in the Tianjin asterism. The name "Tianjin" carries important cultural connotations, which makes it a meaningful choice.		In 2026, the name "[[Tianjinnan]]" was suggested to be used for ζ Cyg in this constellation. "Tianjinnan" means "Southern star of Tianjin", because ζ Cyg is the southernmost star in the Tianjin asterism. The name "Tianjin" carries important cultural connotations, which makes it a meaningful choice.

	ζ Cyg is a G8 giant star 46 parsecs away, and a binary star -- reported as a double-lined spectroscopic binary (SBC9 2958), and resolved in the Washington Double Star catalog as WDS J21129+3014 Aa and Ab. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992Obs...112..168G/abstract Griffin & Keenan (1992)] present a survey of the ζ Cyg binary, and discuss its spectral peculiarities and the nature of its companion - a white dwarf. The spectrum of ζ Cyg shows it to be rich in s-process elements like barium, and these are explained by past accretion of the star by mass transferred from the companion star when it was a red giant.		ζ Cyg is a G8 giant star 46 parsecs away, and a binary star -- reported as a double-lined spectroscopic binary (SBC9 2958), and resolved in the Washington Double Star catalog as WDS J21129+3014 Aa and Ab. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992Obs...112..168G/abstract Griffin & Keenan (1992)] present a survey of the ζ Cyg binary, and discuss its spectral peculiarities and the nature of its companion - a white dwarf. The spectrum of ζ Cyg shows it to be rich in s-process elements like barium, and these are explained by past accretion of the star by mass transferred from the companion star when it was a red giant.

Sushoff: /* Tianjin and the Legend of the Cowherd and Weaver Girl */

2026-07-14T05:34:16Z

Tianjin and the Legend of the Cowherd and Weaver Girl

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:34, 14 July 2026
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	==== Tianjin and the Legend of the Cowherd and Weaver Girl ====		==== Tianjin and the Legend of the Cowherd and Weaver Girl ====
	[[File:Weaving Girl, Cowherd and Celestial Ford.png\|thumb\|Weaving Girl (Zhinü), Cowherd(Niulang) and the Celestial Ford (Tianjin)]]		→ ''see also Japanese'' [[Hikoboshi and Orihime]][[File:Weaving Girl, Cowherd and Celestial Ford.png\|thumb\|Weaving Girl (Zhinü), Cowherd(Niulang) and the Celestial Ford (Tianjin)]]
	For those less concerned with the formal constellation, Tianjin lives on in a more beloved story—the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.		For those less concerned with the formal constellation, Tianjin lives on in a more beloved story—the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.

HaochengLyu: Small changes

2026-07-12T14:57:41Z

Small changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:57, 12 July 2026
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	\| ο1 Cyg		\| ο1 Cyg
	\|-		\|-
	\|4th		\|4th (Jiangxing, 江星)
	\|style="color: gray;" \| α Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| α Cyg
	\|style="color: gray;" \| α Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| α Cyg

HaochengLyu: Added a photo of Tianzi Jindu park

2026-07-12T14:39:11Z

Added a photo of Tianzi Jindu park

Ericmamajek: update on star

2026-07-12T00:13:48Z

update on star

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:13, 12 July 2026
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	In 2026, the name "Tianjinnan" was suggested to be used for ζ Cyg in this constellation. "Tianjinnan" means "Southern star of Tianjin", because ζ Cyg is the southernmost star in the Tianjin asterism. The name "Tianjin" carries important cultural connotations, which makes it a meaningful choice.		In 2026, the name "Tianjinnan" was suggested to be used for ζ Cyg in this constellation. "Tianjinnan" means "Southern star of Tianjin", because ζ Cyg is the southernmost star in the Tianjin asterism. The name "Tianjin" carries important cultural connotations, which makes it a meaningful choice.

	~~Decision~~: ...		ζ Cyg is a G8 giant star 46 parsecs away, and a binary star -- reported as a double-lined spectroscopic binary (SBC9 2958), and resolved in the Washington Double Star catalog as WDS J21129+3014 Aa and Ab. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992Obs...112..168G/abstract Griffin & Keenan (1992)] present a survey of the ζ Cyg binary, and discuss its spectral peculiarities and the nature of its companion - a white dwarf. The spectrum of ζ Cyg shows it to be rich in s-process elements like barium, and these are explained by past accretion of the star by mass transferred from the companion star when it was a red giant.

	==References ==		==References ==

HaochengLyu: Added reference

2026-07-07T05:49:39Z

Added reference

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:49, 7 July 2026
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	'''Tianjin Municipality'''		'''Tianjin Municipality'''

	The modern city of Tianjin also owes its name to this constellation. According to the History of Jin (''Jinshi'', 金史), a Tianjin River (天津河) already existed by 1206 CE. It was named after the constellation, taking its meaning from the phrase "a bridge across the Milky Way, a thoroughfare serving all waterways" ('''''Tian'''han '''Jin'''liang,'' '''''Tong'''cao Zhong'''ji''''', '''天'''汉'''津'''梁、'''通'''漕众'''济'''), which explicitly draws on the celestial concept. The Tianjin River was designated as a section of the Grand Canal, serving as a key channel for grain transportation. Around the same time, another waterway, the ''Tongji'' River (通济渠), was also named based on the same phrase. The two rivers were placed under the unified management of a single patrol officer, known as the Tianjin River Patrol Officer.		The modern city of Tianjin also owes its name to this constellation. According to the History of Jin (''Jinshi'', 金史), a Tianjin River (天津河) already existed by 1206 CE. It was named after the constellation, taking its meaning from the phrase "a bridge across the Milky Way, a thoroughfare serving all waterways" ('''''Tian'''han '''Jin'''liang,'' '''''Tong'''cao Zhong'''ji''''', '''天'''汉'''津'''梁、'''通'''漕众'''济'''), which explicitly draws on the celestial concept. The Tianjin River was designated as a section of the Grand Canal, serving as a key channel for grain transportation. Around the same time, another waterway, the ''Tongji'' River (通济渠), was also named based on the same phrase. The two rivers were placed under the unified management of a single patrol officer, known as the Tianjin River Patrol Officer.<ref>Toqto'a托克托, et al. "Volume 8: Rivers and Canals.卷八：河渠志" ''History of Jin金史''</ref>

	A later, widely known tradition dates to the Ming dynasty. In 1400, Zhu Di, the Prince of Yan, boarded ships at the Tianjin River near what is now the Jinhua Bridge on the South Canal during the Jingnan Campaign against his nephew, the Jianwen Emperor. From this point, he switched from overland to waterborne advance and sailed south along the Grand Canal. After seizing the throne and ascending as the Yongle Emperor, he reportedly renamed the settlement Tianjin, meaning the "Ford of the Son of Heaven (Emperor)" ('''''Tian'''zi '''Jin'''du'', '''天'''子'''津'''渡), in commemoration of his departure point. In 1404, he formally established the Tianjin Guard, which is traditionally regarded as the founding date of the city.		A later, widely known tradition dates to the Ming dynasty. In 1400, Zhu Di, the Prince of Yan, boarded ships at the Tianjin River near what is now the Jinhua Bridge on the South Canal during the Jingnan Campaign against his nephew, the Jianwen Emperor. From this point, he switched from overland to waterborne advance and sailed south along the Grand Canal. After seizing the throne and ascending as the Yongle Emperor, he reportedly renamed the settlement Tianjin, meaning the "Ford of the Son of Heaven (Emperor)" ('''''Tian'''zi '''Jin'''du'', '''天'''子'''津'''渡), in commemoration of his departure point. In 1404, he formally established the Tianjin Guard, which is traditionally regarded as the founding date of the city.
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	\|+		\|+
	!Star Names or Orders(Qing)		!Star Names or Orders(Qing)
	!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>		!style="color: gray;" \|Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>
	!Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.</ref>		!style="color: gray;" \|Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.</ref>
	Based on catalogue in 18th century		Based on catalogue in 18th century
	!Pan Nai<ref name=":0">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.</ref>		!style="color: gray;" \|Pan Nai<ref name=":0">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.</ref>
	based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map		based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map
	!Pan Nai<ref>Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 2009. p443.</ref>		!style="color: gray;" \|Pan Nai<ref>Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 2009. p443.</ref>
	based on catalogues in Yuan dynasty		based on catalogues in Yuan dynasty
	!SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>		!style="color: gray;" \|SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>
	Han Dynasty		Han Dynasty
	!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.</ref>		!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.</ref>
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	\|-		\|-
	\| 1st		\| 1st
	\| γ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| γ Cyg
	\| γ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| γ Cyg
	\| γ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| γ Cyg
	\| γ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| γ Cyg
	\| γ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| γ Cyg
	\| γ Cyg		\| γ Cyg
	\| γ Cyg		\| γ Cyg
	\|-		\|-
	\| 2nd (Determinative)		\| 2nd (Determinative)
	\| δ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| δ Cyg
	\| δ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| δ Cyg
	\| δ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| δ Cyg
	\| δ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| δ Cyg
	\| δ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| δ Cyg
	\| δ Cyg		\| δ Cyg
	\| δ Cyg		\| δ Cyg
	\|-		\|-
	\| 3rd		\| 3rd
	\| ο1 Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| ο1 Cyg
	\| 30 Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| 30 Cyg
	\| ο1 Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| ο1 Cyg
	\| ο1 Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| ο1 Cyg
	\| ο1 Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| ο1 Cyg
	\| ο1 Cyg		\| ο1 Cyg
	\| ο1 Cyg		\| ο1 Cyg
	\|-		\|-
	\|4th		\|4th
	\| α Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| α Cyg
	\| α Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| α Cyg
	\| α Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| α Cyg
	\| α Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| α Cyg
	\| α Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \| α Cyg
	\| α Cyg		\| α Cyg
	\| α Cyg		\| α Cyg
	\|-		\|-
	\|5th		\|5th
	\|ν Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ν Cyg
	\|ν Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ν Cyg
	\|ν Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ν Cyg
	\|ν Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ν Cyg
	\|ν Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ν Cyg
	\|ν Cyg		\|ν Cyg
	\|ν Cyg		\|ν Cyg
	\|-		\|-
	\|6th		\|6th
	\|τ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|τ Cyg
	\|τ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|τ Cyg
	\|τ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|τ Cyg
	\|τ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|τ Cyg
	\|τ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|τ Cyg
	\|τ Cyg		\|τ Cyg
	\|τ Cyg		\|τ Cyg
	\|-		\|-
	\|7th		\|7th
	\|υ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|υ Cyg
	\|υ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|υ Cyg
	\|υ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|υ Cyg
	\|υ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|υ Cyg
	\|υ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|υ Cyg
	\|υ Cyg		\|υ Cyg
	\|υ Cyg		\|υ Cyg
	\|-		\|-
	\|8th		\|8th
	\|ζ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ζ Cyg
	\|ζ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ζ Cyg
	\|ζ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ζ Cyg
	\|ζ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ζ Cyg
	\|ζ Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ζ Cyg
	\|ζ Cyg		\|ζ Cyg
	\|ζ Cyg		\|ζ Cyg
	\|-		\|-
	\|9th		\|9th
	\|ε Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ε Cyg
	\|ε Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ε Cyg
	\|ε Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ε Cyg
	\|ε Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ε Cyg
	\|ε Cyg		\|style="color: gray;" \|ε Cyg
	\|ε Cyg		\|ε Cyg
	\|ε Cyg		\|ε Cyg

HaochengLyu: Added infobox

2026-07-07T05:02:54Z

Added infobox

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 ----
 [[File:Tianjin in Stellarium.png|alt=Tianjin in Stellarium|thumb|Tianjin in Stellarium, across the Milky Way]]
 ''Tiān Jīn'' (天津, Celestial Ford or Celestial Ferry), a Chinese constellation consists of 9 stars, located in [[Cygnus]]. This constellation is regarded as the "ferry or bridge of the Milky Way in the sky" because it spans across the Milky Way.

HaochengLyu: Added reasons for naming

2026-06-20T09:24:24Z

Added reasons for naming

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:24, 20 June 2026
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	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In ~~202x~~, the name ~~of the historical constellation~~ "~~xxx~~" was suggested to be used for ~~one of the stars~~ in this constellation. ...		In 2026, the name "Tianjinnan" was suggested to be used for ζ Cyg in this constellation. "Tianjinnan" means "Southern star of Tianjin", because ζ Cyg is the southernmost star in the Tianjin asterism. The name "Tianjin" carries important cultural connotations, which makes it a meaningful choice.

	Decision: ...		Decision: ...

YoulaAzkarrula at 06:47, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T06:47:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:47, 29 May 2026
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	[[Category:Asterism ]]		[[Category:Asterism ]]
	[[Category:Constellation ]]		[[Category:Constellation ]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:East Asian]]		[[Category:East Asian]]
	[[Category:Chinese ]]		[[Category:Chinese ]] [[Category:Cyg]]

HaochengLyu: Small changes

2026-05-10T15:26:46Z

Small changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:26, 10 May 2026
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	By dusk I had reached the westernmost horizon.</blockquote>This magnificent line describes the poet's spiritual journey through the heavens, unbounded by earthly limits. Though Qu Yuan was not necessarily referring to the specific constellation later codified as Tianjin, his verse reveals that the image of a "Ferry of the Milky Way" had already entered the Chinese literary imagination in very ancient times.		By dusk I had reached the westernmost horizon.</blockquote>This magnificent line describes the poet's spiritual journey through the heavens, unbounded by earthly limits. Though Qu Yuan was not necessarily referring to the specific constellation later codified as Tianjin, his verse reveals that the image of a "Ferry of the Milky Way" had already entered the Chinese literary imagination in very ancient times.

	The earliest recorded description of what would later become the Tianjin constellation appears in Sima Qian's (c. 145–86 BCE) ''Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji)''. In the "Treatise on Celestial Offices," Sima Qian wrote:<blockquote>Beside ''[[Wangliang]]'', there are eight stars cutting across the Milky Way, called ''Tianhuang'' ("Celestial Pier"). Beside ''Tianhuang'' is the River Star (''Jiangxing''). When the River Star stirs, men wade across the waters.</blockquote>According to scholars of later eras, Tianhuang (another name for Tianjin) and the River Star together comprised the nine stars of the future Tianjin constellation. The River Star is [[Deneb]], the brightest of the nine, while the other eight constitute the "pier." The omen that "men wade across the waters" would later inspire another constellation, ''Ren'' (Humans), consisting of five stars placed adjacent to Tianjin. (There is also another Chinese constellation named Tianhuang, consisting of five stars in the constellation [[Auriga]], which should not be confused with the Tianhuang associated with Tianjin.)<ref>Zhu Wenxin朱文鑫. ''A Study of the Star Charts in Sima Qian's "Treatise on Celestial Offices"'' 史记天官书恒星图考. p. 52. Shanghai: The Commercial Press. First edition 1927, second edition 1934.</ref>		The earliest recorded description of what would later become the Tianjin constellation appears in Sima Qian's (c. 145–86 BCE) ''Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji)''. In the "Treatise on Celestial Offices," Sima Qian wrote:<blockquote>Beside ''[[Wangliang]]'', there are eight stars cutting across the Milky Way, called ''Tianhuang'' ("Celestial Pier"). Beside ''Tianhuang'' is the River Star (''Jiangxing''). When the River Star stirs, men wade across the waters.</blockquote>According to scholars of later eras, Tianhuang (another name for Tianjin) and the River Star together comprised the nine stars of the future Tianjin constellation. The River Star is [[Deneb]], the brightest of the nine, while the other eight constitute the "pier." The omen that "men wade across the waters" would later inspire another constellation, ''Ren'' (Humans), consisting of five stars placed adjacent to Tianjin. (There is also another Chinese constellation named Tianhuang, consisting of five stars in the constellation [[Auriga]], which should not be confused with the Tianhuang associated with Tianjin.)<ref>Zhu Wenxin朱文鑫. ''A Study of the Star Charts in Sima Qian's "Treatise on Celestial Offices"'' 史记天官书恒星图考. p. 52. Shanghai: The Commercial Press. First edition 1927, second edition 1934.</ref>

	After Chen Zhuo (active 3rd century CE) unified the Chinese constellation system, the name of Tianjin was fixed. The ''Book of Jin (Jinshu)'' states in its "Treatise on Astronomy":<blockquote>Tianjin consists of nine stars lying across the Milky Way. It is also called ''Tianhan'' (a name of the Milky Way) or ''Tianjiang'' (Celestial River). It presides over the ferries and bridges of the Four Great Rivers (the Yangtze, Yellow, Huai, and Ji, refers to all rivers in general), thereby enabling the gods to traverse the four directions. If one star is missing, the fords and passes are blocked.</blockquote>		After Chen Zhuo (active 3rd century CE) unified the Chinese constellation system, the name of Tianjin was fixed. The ''Book of Jin (Jinshu'', 晋书'')'' states in its "Treatise on Astronomy":<blockquote>Tianjin consists of nine stars lying across the Milky Way. It is also called ''Tianhan'' (a name of the Milky Way) or ''Tianjiang'' (Celestial River). It presides over the ferries and bridges of the Four Great Rivers (the Yangtze, Yellow, Huai, and Ji, refers to all rivers in general), thereby enabling the gods to traverse the four directions. If one star is missing, the fords and passes are blocked.</blockquote>

	==== Tianjin and the Legend of the Cowherd and Weaver Girl ====		==== Tianjin and the Legend of the Cowherd and Weaver Girl ====
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	'''Tianjin Municipality'''		'''Tianjin Municipality'''

	The modern city of Tianjin also owes its name to this constellation. According to the History of Jin (Jinshi), a Tianjin River already existed by 1206 CE. It was named after the constellation, ~~with~~ the ~~inscription~~ "a bridge across the Milky Way, a thoroughfare serving all waterways" (~~天汉津梁、通漕众济~~), explicitly ~~drawing~~ on the celestial concept.		The modern city of Tianjin also owes its name to this constellation. According to the History of Jin (''Jinshi'', 金史), a Tianjin River (天津河) already existed by 1206 CE. It was named after the constellation, taking its meaning from the phrase "a bridge across the Milky Way, a thoroughfare serving all waterways" ('''''Tian'''han '''Jin'''liang,'' '''''Tong'''cao Zhong'''ji''''', '''天'''汉'''津'''梁、'''通'''漕众'''济'''), which explicitly draws on the celestial concept. The Tianjin River was designated as a section of the Grand Canal, serving as a key channel for grain transportation. Around the same time, another waterway, the ''Tongji'' River (通济渠), was also named based on the same phrase. The two rivers were placed under the unified management of a single patrol officer, known as the Tianjin River Patrol Officer.

	A later, widely known tradition dates to the Ming dynasty. In 1400, Zhu Di, the Prince of Yan, boarded ships at the Tianjin River (near what is now the Jinhua Bridge on the South Canal) during the Jingnan Campaign against his nephew, the Jianwen Emperor. From this point, he switched from overland to waterborne advance and sailed south along the Grand Canal. After seizing the throne and ascending as the Yongle Emperor, he reportedly renamed the settlement Tianjin, meaning the "Ford of the Son of Heaven (Emperor)" (~~天子津渡~~), in commemoration of his departure point. In 1404, he formally established the Tianjin Guard, which is traditionally regarded as the founding date of the city.		A later, widely known tradition dates to the Ming dynasty. In 1400, Zhu Di, the Prince of Yan, boarded ships at the Tianjin River near what is now the Jinhua Bridge on the South Canal during the Jingnan Campaign against his nephew, the Jianwen Emperor. From this point, he switched from overland to waterborne advance and sailed south along the Grand Canal. After seizing the throne and ascending as the Yongle Emperor, he reportedly renamed the settlement Tianjin, meaning the "Ford of the Son of Heaven (Emperor)" ('''''Tian'''zi '''Jin'''du'', '''天'''子'''津'''渡), in commemoration of his departure point. In 1404, he formally established the Tianjin Guard, which is traditionally regarded as the founding date of the city.

	'''Beyond Earth'''		'''Beyond Earth'''
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+
	!Star Names or Orders(~~Traditional/~~Qing)		!Star Names or Orders(Qing)
	!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>		!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>
	!Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.</ref>		!Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:39, 12 July 2026
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	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
	The imagery of a celestial ferry had already taken root in the Chinese imagination more than two millennia ago. The great poet Qu Yuan (c. 340–278 BCE) of the Warring States period—often called China's first romantic poet—wrote in his masterpiece Li Sao ("On Encountering Sorrow"):<blockquote>At dawn I set forth from the Celestial Ferry (Tianjin);		The imagery of a celestial ferry had already taken root in the Chinese imagination more than two millennia ago. The great poet Qu Yuan (c. 340–278 BCE) of the Warring States period—often called China's first romantic poet—wrote in his masterpiece ''Li Sao'' ("On Encountering Sorrow"):<blockquote>At dawn I set forth from the Celestial Ferry (Tianjin);

	By dusk I had reached the westernmost horizon.</blockquote>This magnificent line describes the poet's spiritual journey through the heavens, unbounded by earthly limits. Though Qu Yuan was not necessarily referring to the specific constellation later codified as Tianjin, his verse reveals that the image of a "Ferry of the Milky Way" had already entered the Chinese literary imagination in very ancient times.		By dusk I had reached the westernmost horizon.<ref>Zhu, Xi 朱熹. ''Chu Ci Ji Zhu 楚辞集注''. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju, 1991.</ref></blockquote>This magnificent line describes the poet's spiritual journey through the heavens, unbounded by earthly limits. Though Qu Yuan was not necessarily referring to the specific constellation later codified as Tianjin, his verse reveals that the image of a "Ferry of the Milky Way" had already entered the Chinese literary imagination in very ancient times.

	The earliest recorded description of what would later become the Tianjin constellation appears in Sima Qian's (c. 145–86 BCE) ''Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji)''. In the "Treatise on Celestial Offices," Sima Qian wrote:<blockquote>Beside ''[[Wangliang]]'', there are eight stars cutting across the Milky Way, called ~~''Tianhuang'' (~~"Celestial Pier"~~). Beside~~ ''Tianhuang'' is the River Star (''Jiangxing''). When the River Star stirs, men wade across the waters.</blockquote>According to scholars of later eras, Tianhuang (another name for Tianjin) and the River Star together comprised the nine stars of the future Tianjin constellation. The River Star is [[Deneb]], the brightest of the nine, while the other eight constitute the "pier." The omen that "men wade across the waters" would later inspire another constellation, ''Ren'' (Humans), consisting of five stars placed adjacent to Tianjin. (There is also another Chinese constellation named Tianhuang, consisting of five stars in the constellation [[Auriga]], which should not be confused with the Tianhuang associated with Tianjin.)<ref>Zhu Wenxin朱文鑫. ''A Study of the Star Charts in Sima Qian's "Treatise on Celestial Offices"'' 史记天官书恒星图考. p. 52. Shanghai: The Commercial Press. First edition 1927, second edition 1934.</ref>		The earliest recorded description of what would later become the Tianjin constellation appears in Sima Qian's (c. 145–86 BCE) ''Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji)''. In the "Treatise on Celestial Offices," Sima Qian wrote:<blockquote>Beside ''[[Wangliang]]'', there are eight stars cutting across the Milky Way, called "Celestial Pier" (''Tianhuang''). Beside the Celestial Pier is the River Star (''Jiangxing''). When the River Star stirs, men wade across the waters.</blockquote>According to scholars of later eras, Tianhuang (another name for Tianjin) and the River Star together comprised the nine stars of the future Tianjin constellation. The River Star is [[Deneb]], the brightest of the nine, while the other eight constitute the "pier." The omen that "men wade across the waters" would later inspire another constellation, ''Ren'' (Humans), consisting of five stars placed adjacent to Tianjin. (There is also another Chinese constellation named Tianhuang, consisting of five stars in the constellation [[Auriga]], which should not be confused with the Tianhuang associated with Tianjin.)<ref>Zhu Wenxin朱文鑫. ''A Study of the Star Charts in Sima Qian's "Treatise on Celestial Offices"'' 史记天官书恒星图考. p. 52. Shanghai: The Commercial Press. First edition 1927, second edition 1934.</ref>

	After Chen Zhuo (active 3rd century CE) unified the Chinese constellation system, the name of Tianjin was fixed. The ''Book of Jin (Jinshu'', 晋书'')'' states in its "Treatise on Astronomy":<blockquote>Tianjin consists of nine stars lying across the Milky Way. It is also called ''Tianhan'' (a name of the Milky Way) or ''Tianjiang'' (Celestial River). It presides over the ferries and bridges of the Four Great Rivers (the Yangtze, Yellow, Huai, and Ji, refers to all rivers in general), thereby enabling the gods to traverse the four directions. If one star is missing, the fords and passes are blocked.</blockquote>		After Chen Zhuo (active 3rd century CE) unified the Chinese constellation system, the name of Tianjin was fixed. The ''Book of Jin (Jinshu'', 晋书'')'' states in its "Treatise on Astronomy":<blockquote>Tianjin consists of nine stars lying across the Milky Way. It is also called ''Tianhan'' (a name of the Milky Way) or ''Tianjiang'' (Celestial River). It presides over the ferries and bridges of the Four Great Rivers (the Yangtze, Yellow, Huai, and Ji, refers to all rivers in general), thereby enabling the gods to traverse the four directions. If one star is missing, the fords and passes are blocked.</blockquote>
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	==== Tianjin in Geography ====		==== Tianjin in Geography ====
	The Tianjin constellation was so well known that its name was later applied to several places on Earth. In traditional Chinese thought, there was a long‑held principle of xiang tian fa di (~~“modeling~~ the earthly upon the ~~heavenly”~~), whereby human constructions were deliberately designed to mirror celestial patterns.		The Tianjin constellation was so well known that its name was later applied to several places on Earth. In traditional Chinese thought, there was a long‑held principle of ''xiang tian fa di'' (象天法地, modeling the earthly upon the heavenly), whereby human constructions were deliberately designed to mirror celestial patterns.

	'''Tianjin Bridge (Luoyang)'''		'''Tianjin Bridge (Luoyang)'''

	The clearest example is the Tianjin Bridge built across the Luo River in Luoyang during the Sui dynasty (605 CE). Following xiang tian fa di, the Luo River was conceived as the earthly counterpart of the Milky Way (Tianhan), and the bridge that spanned it was accordingly named after the ~~"Celestial Ford"~~ constellation. The bridge was part of a larger celestial allegory in the Sui‑Tang eastern capital, where seven key structures (including Heavenly Tower and Heavenly Street) mirrored the Sun, Moon, and five visible planets. Its stone pier foundations have been excavated in modern times.		The clearest example is the Tianjin Bridge built across the Luo River in Luoyang during the Sui dynasty (605 CE). Following ''xiang tian fa di'', the Luo River was conceived as the earthly counterpart of the Milky Way (Tianhan), and the bridge that spanned it was accordingly named after the Tianjin constellation. The bridge was part of a larger celestial allegory in the Sui‑Tang eastern capital, where seven key structures (including Heavenly Tower and Heavenly Street) mirrored the Sun, Moon, and five visible planets. Its stone pier foundations have been excavated in modern times.

	'''Tianjin Municipality'''		'''Tianjin Municipality'''
			[[File:Tianzi Jindu.png\|alt=A memorial park in Tianjin city, featuring a stone inscribed with "Tianzi Jindu" — a Ming-dynasty reinterpretation of the word "Tianjin", literally meaning "Ford of the Son of Heaven (Emperor)".\|thumb\|A memorial park in Tianjin city, featuring a stone inscribed with "''Tianzi Jindu''" — a Ming-dynasty reinterpretation of the word "Tianjin", literally meaning "Ford of the Son of Heaven (Emperor)".]]
	The modern city of Tianjin also owes its name to this constellation. According to the History of Jin (''Jinshi'', 金史), a Tianjin River (天津河) already existed by 1206 CE. It was named after the constellation, taking its meaning from the phrase "a bridge across the Milky Way, a thoroughfare serving all waterways" ('''''Tian'''han '''Jin'''liang,'' '''''Tong'''cao Zhong'''ji''''', '''天'''汉'''津'''梁、'''通'''漕众'''济'''), which explicitly draws on the celestial concept. The Tianjin River was designated as a section of the Grand Canal, serving as a key channel for grain transportation. Around the same time, another waterway, the ''Tongji'' River (通济渠), was also named based on the same phrase. The two rivers were placed under the unified management of a single patrol officer, known as the Tianjin River Patrol Officer.<ref>Toqto'a托克托, et al. "Volume 8: Rivers and Canals.卷八：河渠志" ''History of Jin金史''</ref>		The modern city of Tianjin also owes its name to this constellation. According to the History of Jin (''Jinshi'', 金史), a Tianjin River (天津河) already existed by 1206 CE. It was named after the constellation, taking its meaning from the phrase "a bridge across the Milky Way, a thoroughfare serving all waterways" ('''''Tian'''han '''Jin'''liang,'' '''''Tong'''cao Zhong'''ji''''', '''天'''汉'''津'''梁、'''通'''漕众'''济'''), which explicitly draws on the celestial concept. The Tianjin River was designated as a section of the Grand Canal, serving as a key channel for grain transportation. Around the same time, another waterway, the ''Tongji'' River (通济渠), was also named based on the same phrase.<ref>Feng Zhiyuan 冯志远. "The Historical Changes of the Tianjin River. 天津河的历史变迁" ''Tianjin Daily'', 3 Dec. 2024, p. 12.</ref> The two rivers were placed under the unified management of a single patrol officer, known as the Tianjin River Patrol Officer.<ref>Toqto'a托克托, et al. "Volume 8: Rivers and Canals.卷八：河渠志" ''History of Jin金史''</ref>

	A later, widely known tradition dates to the Ming dynasty. In 1400, Zhu Di, the Prince of Yan, boarded ships at the Tianjin River near what is now the Jinhua Bridge on the South Canal during the Jingnan Campaign against his nephew, the Jianwen Emperor. From this point, he switched from overland to waterborne advance and sailed south along the Grand Canal. After seizing the throne and ascending as the Yongle Emperor, he reportedly renamed the settlement Tianjin, meaning the "Ford of the Son of Heaven (Emperor)" ('''''Tian'''zi '''Jin'''du'', '''天'''子'''津'''渡), in commemoration of his departure point. In 1404, he formally established the Tianjin Guard, which is traditionally regarded as the founding date of the city.		A later, widely known tradition dates to the Ming dynasty. In 1400, Zhu Di, the Prince of Yan, boarded ships at the Tianjin River near what is now the Jinhua Bridge on the South Canal during the Jingnan Campaign against his nephew, the Jianwen Emperor. From this point, he switched from overland to waterborne advance and sailed south along the Grand Canal. After seizing the throne and ascending as the Yongle Emperor, he reportedly renamed the settlement Tianjin, meaning the "Ford of the Son of Heaven (Emperor)" ('''''Tian'''zi '''Jin'''du'', '''天'''子'''津'''渡), in commemoration of his departure point. In 1404, he formally established the Tianjin Guard, which is traditionally regarded as the founding date of the city.