Tianshe - Revision history

Sushoff at 06:17, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T06:17:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:17, 17 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE: Tianshe (天社)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: Tianshe (天社)}}
			Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:Tianshe before Tang Dynasty.jpg\|thumb\|Tianshe before Tang Dynasty]]		[[File:Tianshe before Tang Dynasty.jpg\|thumb\|Tianshe before Tang Dynasty]]
	Tianshe means Celestial Altar of the Earth Deity, was an asterism representing the altar for sacrifices to the Earth god. It lies in the region of the modern constellations Vel/Pup, and was established by the Gan school about two millennia ago. Since it is located outside the system of the 28 lodges, it was classified as one of the “outer asterisms”. Some Han-dynasty scholars also referred to it as ''Tiangong She'' (天公社, “Heavenly Earth-God Altar”).		Tianshe means Celestial Altar of the Earth Deity, was an asterism representing the altar for sacrifices to the Earth god. It lies in the region of the modern constellations Vel/Pup, and was established by the Gan school about two millennia ago. Since it is located outside the system of the 28 lodges, it was classified as one of the “outer asterisms”. Some Han-dynasty scholars also referred to it as ''Tiangong She'' (天公社, “Heavenly Earth-God Altar”).

Sushoff at 18:03, 30 September 2025

2025-09-30T18:03:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:03, 30 September 2025
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	[[Category:East Asian]]		[[Category:East Asian]]
	[[Category:Chinese ]]		[[Category:Chinese ]]
			[[Category:Pup]][[Category:Arg]][[Category:Vel]]

Boshunyang at 14:12, 23 August 2025

2025-08-23T14:12:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:12, 23 August 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE: Tianshe (天社)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: Tianshe (天社)}}
	[[File:Tianshe before Tang Dynasty.jpg\|thumb\|Tianshe before Tang Dynasty]]		[[File:Tianshe before Tang Dynasty.jpg\|thumb\|Tianshe before Tang Dynasty]]
	Tianshe means Celestial Altar of the Earth Deity, was an asterism representing the altar for sacrifices to the Earth god. It lies in the region of the modern constellations Vel/Pup, and was established by the Gan school about two millennia ago. Since it is located outside the system of the 28 lodges, it was classified as one of the “outer asterisms”. Some Han-dynasty scholars also referred to it as ''Tiangong She'' (“Heavenly Earth-God Altar”).		Tianshe means Celestial Altar of the Earth Deity, was an asterism representing the altar for sacrifices to the Earth god. It lies in the region of the modern constellations Vel/Pup, and was established by the Gan school about two millennia ago. Since it is located outside the system of the 28 lodges, it was classified as one of the “outer asterisms”. Some Han-dynasty scholars also referred to it as ''Tiangong She'' (天公社, “Heavenly Earth-God Altar”).

	== Etymology and History ==		== Etymology and History ==
Line 77:		Line 77:

	=== Maps (Gallery) ===		=== Maps (Gallery) ===
			On the basis of Han star catalogs and descriptions of early star maps, the positions of the Shi asterism '''Tianji''' and the Gan asterisms '''Tianshe''' and '''Tianmiao''' can be approximately reconstructed. Among them, '''Tianji''' is the most securely identifiable.

			'''Tianji''' lies close to the celestial horizon, with the Gan asterism '''Qifu''' (器府,“House for Musical Instruments”) immediately to its left. This spatial arrangement would allow '''Tianmiao''' to be placed only above, not directly to the left, of '''Tianji'''. Interestingly, however, the two earliest extant star maps—the ''Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunya-jido'' and the Dunhuang star map—both position '''Tianmiao''' immediately to the left of '''Tianji''', near the horizon. This deviation was most likely influenced by ritual concepts.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+
Line 82:		Line 85:
	!same in Stellarium		!same in Stellarium
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[File:Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunya-jido.png\|thumb\|Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunya-jido]]		\|[[File:Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunya-jido.png\|thumb\|Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in ''Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunya-jido'']]
	\|[[File:Tianshe before Tang in Stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Tianshe before Tang in Stellarium]]		\|[[File:Tianshe before Tang in Stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Tianshe before Tang in Stellarium]]
	\|-		\|-

Boshunyang: /* Identification of stars */

2025-08-23T13:34:02Z

Identification of stars

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:34, 23 August 2025
Line 15:		Line 15:
	!Star Names or Orders(Qing)		!Star Names or Orders(Qing)
	!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>		!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>
	!Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.</ref>		!Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 113.</ref>
	Based on catalogue in 18th century		Based on catalogue in 18th century
	!Pan Nai<ref name=":0">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. ~~p226~~.</ref>		!Pan Nai<ref name=":0">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p306.</ref>
	based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map		based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map
	!SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>		!SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>
Line 26:		Line 26:
	Song Huangyou(1052)		Song Huangyou(1052)
	\|-		\|-
	\| 1st		\| 1st/Determinative
	\| gamma Vel		\| gamma Vel
	\| gamma Vel		\| gamma Vel

Boshunyang: /* Identification of stars */

2025-08-23T13:28:51Z

Identification of stars

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:28, 23 August 2025
Line 39:		Line 39:
	\| x Pup		\| x Pup
	\| pi Pup		\| pi Pup
	\| gamma ~~Pup~~		\| gamma Vel
	\| L2 Pup		\| L2 Pup
	\|-		\|-
Line 62:		Line 62:
	\|kappa Vel		\|kappa Vel
	\|Pi Pup		\|Pi Pup
	\|gamma ~~Pup~~		\|gamma Vel
	\|Lambda Vel		\|Lambda Vel
	\|c Pup		\|c Pup
Line 70:		Line 70:
	\|N Vel		\|N Vel
	\|c Pup		\|c Pup
	\|chi ~~Pup~~		\|chi Car
	\|M vel		\|M vel
	\|zeta Pup		\|zeta Pup

Boshunyang: /* Maps (Gallery) */

2025-08-23T13:23:37Z

Maps (Gallery)

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:23, 23 August 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE: Tianshe (天社)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: Tianshe (天社)}}
			[[File:Tianshe before Tang Dynasty.jpg\|thumb\|Tianshe before Tang Dynasty]]
	Tianshe means Celestial Altar of the Earth Deity, was an asterism representing the altar for sacrifices to the Earth god. It lies in the region of the modern constellations Vel/Pup, and was established by the Gan school about two millennia ago. Since it is located outside the system of the 28 lodges, it was classified as one of the “outer asterisms”. Some Han-dynasty scholars also referred to it as ''Tiangong She'' (“Heavenly Earth-God Altar”).		Tianshe means Celestial Altar of the Earth Deity, was an asterism representing the altar for sacrifices to the Earth god. It lies in the region of the modern constellations Vel/Pup, and was established by the Gan school about two millennia ago. Since it is located outside the system of the 28 lodges, it was classified as one of the “outer asterisms”. Some Han-dynasty scholars also referred to it as ''Tiangong She'' (“Heavenly Earth-God Altar”).

Line 22:		Line 22:
	Han Dynasty		Han Dynasty
	!Boshun Yang		!Boshun Yang
	before Tang dynasty		before Tang dynasty*
	!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.</ref>		!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.</ref>
	Song Huangyou(1052)		Song Huangyou(1052)
Line 52:		Line 52:
	\|4th		\|4th
	\| delta Vel		\| delta Vel
	\| x		\|
	\| E Pup		\| E Pup
	\| zeta Pup		\| zeta Pup
Line 74:		Line 74:
	\|zeta Pup		\|zeta Pup
	\|}		\|}
			<nowiki>*</nowiki> The "before Tang dynasty" version of Boshun Yang is revised here compared with his 2023 version in PhD thesis.

	=== Maps (Gallery) ===		=== Maps (Gallery) ===
Line 81:		Line 82:
	!same in Stellarium		!same in Stellarium
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[File:~~Kulou on the~~ Cheonsang ~~Yeolcha Bunyajido~~ Star ~~Chart~~.jpg~~\|alt=historical image of Kulou (Korea)~~\|thumb\|~~Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido~~ Star ~~Chart~~]]		\|[[File:Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunya-jido.png\|thumb\|Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in Cheonsang-yeolcha-bunya-jido]]
			\|[[File:Tianshe before Tang in Stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|Tianshe before Tang in Stellarium]]
			\|-
			\|[[File:Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in Dunhuang Star Map.jpg\|thumb\|Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in Dunhuang Star Map]]
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|[[File:Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in Geziyuejintu.jpg\|thumb\|Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in Geziyuejintu]]
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|[[File:Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in Suzhou Star Map.jpg\|thumb\|Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in Suzhou Star Map]]
	\|		\|[[File:Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in Song Dynasty.jpg\|thumb\|Tianshe, Tianji and Tianmiao in Song Dynasty]]
	\|}		\|}

Boshunyang: /* Maps (Gallery) */

2025-08-23T12:58:31Z

Maps (Gallery)

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:58, 23 August 2025
Line 79:		Line 79:
	\|+		\|+
	!historical map		!historical map
	~~!modern identification~~
	~~(Yang 2023)~~
	!same in Stellarium		!same in Stellarium
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[File:Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart.jpg\|alt=historical image of Kulou (Korea)\|thumb\|Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart]]		\|[[File:Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart.jpg\|alt=historical image of Kulou (Korea)\|thumb\|Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart]]
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

Boshunyang at 12:54, 23 August 2025

2025-08-23T12:54:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:54, 23 August 2025
Line 13:		Line 13:
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+
	!Star Names or Orders(~~Traditional/~~Qing)		!Star Names or Orders(Qing)
	!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>		!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>
	!Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.</ref>		!Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.</ref>
Line 19:		Line 19:
	!Pan Nai<ref name=":0">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.</ref>		!Pan Nai<ref name=":0">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.</ref>
	based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map		based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map
	~~!Pan Nai<ref>Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 2009. p443.</ref>~~
	~~based on catalogues in Yuan dynasty~~
	!SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>		!SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>
	Han Dynasty		Han Dynasty
			!Boshun Yang
			before Tang dynasty
	!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.</ref>		!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.</ref>
	~~before Tang dynasty~~		Song Huangyou(1052)
	~~!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1" />~~		\|-
	Song ~~Jingyou~~(~~1034~~)		\| 1st
			\| gamma Vel
			\| gamma Vel
			\| nu Pup
			\| nu Pup
			\| zeta Pup
			\| nu Pup
			\|-
			\| 2nd
			\| b Vel
			\| b Vel
			\| x Pup
			\| pi Pup
			\| gamma Pup
			\| L2 Pup
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~1st/4th~~		\| 3rd
	\| x		\| omicron Vel
	\| x		\| delta Vel
	\| x		\| D Pup
	\| x		\| sigma Pup
	\| x		\| a Vel
	\| x		\| C Pup
	~~\| x~~
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~2nd/3rd~~		\|4th
	\| x		\| delta Vel
	~~\| x~~
	~~\| x~~
	~~\| x~~
	~~\| x~~
	~~\| x~~
	\| x		\| x
			\| E Pup
			\| zeta Pup
			\| c Vel
			\| sigma Pup
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~3rd/2nd~~		\|5th
	\| x		\|kappa Vel
	\| x		\|kappa Vel
	\| x		\|Pi Pup
	\| x		\|gamma Pup
	\| x		\|Lambda Vel
	\| x		\|c Pup
	~~\| x~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~4th/1st~~		\|6th
	\| x		\|N Vel
	\| x		\|N Vel
	\| x		\|c Pup
	\| x		\|chi Pup
	\| x		\|M vel
	\| x		\|zeta Pup
	~~\| x~~
	\|}		\|}

Line 71:		Line 81:
	!modern identification		!modern identification
	(Yang 2023)		(Yang 2023)
	!same in Stellarium ~~24.4~~		!same in Stellarium
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[File:Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart.jpg\|alt=historical image of Kulou (Korea)\|thumb\|Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart]]		\|[[File:Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart.jpg\|alt=historical image of Kulou (Korea)\|thumb\|Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart]]
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

Boshunyang at 15:39, 22 August 2025

2025-08-22T15:39:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:39, 22 August 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE: Tianshe (天社)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: Tianshe (天社)}}
	~~Chinese constellation.~~

	== ~~Concordance,~~ Etymology, History ==		Tianshe means Celestial Altar of the Earth Deity, was an asterism representing the altar for sacrifices to the Earth god. It lies in the region of the modern constellations Vel/Pup, and was established by the Gan school about two millennia ago. Since it is located outside the system of the 28 lodges, it was classified as one of the “outer asterisms”. Some Han-dynasty scholars also referred to it as ''Tiangong She'' (“Heavenly Earth-God Altar”).
	...
			== Etymology and History ==
			The Gan asterisms, as a systematic body, emerged in the late Western Han, constructed upon the framework of the earlier Shi asterisms. At the time of the formation of Tianshe, the region already contained the Shi asterism '''Tianji''' (天稷,“Celestial Cereals”), representing the altar for sacrifices to the Grain deity. Perhaps deliberately, the Gan asterisms '''Tianshe''' and '''Tianmiao''' (天庙,“Celestial Ancestral Temple”) were set in association with '''Tianji''', together constituting a celestial zone thematically dedicated to ritual sacrifice. This convergence reflects the ritual ideology of the Han period: as prescribed in the ritual classic ''Liji'' (礼记, ''Book of Rites''), when a royal capital was laid out, altars to She (社, Earth deity) and Ji (稷, Grain deity) were to be built to the right of the royal palace, while the ancestral temple (庙, Miao) was to be located on the left—the left being the position of honor.

			Later sources added a mythological dimension: it was said that Goulong 句龙, son of the water-controlling figure Gonggong 共工, was able to regulate water and land, and thus was worshipped together with She; his spirit was believed to become the stars.

			Beyond its role in state cults, '''Tianshe''' was also thought to preside over local and village-level worships and sacrifices.

	=== Identification of stars ===		=== Identification of stars ===
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Boshunyang at 15:07, 22 August 2025

2025-08-22T15:07:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:07, 22 August 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~tianshe~~		{{DISPLAYTITLE: Tianshe (天社)}}
			Chinese constellation.

			== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
			...

			=== Identification of stars ===
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!Star Names or Orders(Traditional/Qing)
			!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>
			!Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.</ref>
			Based on catalogue in 18th century
			!Pan Nai<ref name=":0">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.</ref>
			based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map
			!Pan Nai<ref>Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 2009. p443.</ref>
			based on catalogues in Yuan dynasty
			!SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>
			Han Dynasty
			!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.</ref>
			before Tang dynasty
			!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1" />
			Song Jingyou(1034)
			\|-
			\| 1st/4th
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\|-
			\| 2nd/3rd
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\|-
			\| 3rd/2nd
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\|-
			\|4th/1st
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\| x
			\|}

			=== Maps (Gallery) ===
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!historical map
			!modern identification
			(Yang 2023)
			!same in Stellarium 24.4
			\|-
			\|[[File:Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart.jpg\|alt=historical image of Kulou (Korea)\|thumb\|Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart]]
			\|
			\|
			\|}


			== Star Name Discussion (IAU) ==
			In 202x, the name of the historical constellation "xxx" was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. ...

			Decision: ...

			==References ==
			[[References (Chinese)]]


			[[Category:Asterism ]]
			[[Category:Constellation ]]
			[[Category:Eurasia]]
			[[Category:East Asian]]
			[[Category:Chinese ]]