Tigris - Revision history

Sushoff at 15:58, 20 August 2026

2026-08-20T15:58:37Z

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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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			[[File:KEE Tigris+Euphrates.jpg\|thumb\|Tigris and Euphrates on Plancius' globe gores (1612).]]
	Tigris or River Tigris is an obsolete constellation. It was invented twice in different times and places: First in Southern Mesopotamia in the first millennium BCE and second (independently) in Europe in the early 17th century.		Tigris or River Tigris is an obsolete constellation. It was invented twice in different times and places: First in Southern Mesopotamia in the first millennium BCE and second (independently) in Europe in the early 17th century.

Sushoff: /* Sources */

2026-08-17T15:41:29Z

Sources

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	In the commentary accompanying his star maps, Bartsch outlined the biblical symbolism of the newly added constellations while reinterpreting the traditional Ptolemaic figures through a scriptural lens. Likely unaware of Plancius’s original contributions, owing to the rarity of his globes, Bartsch noted that he had encountered these new constellations via his mentor Isaac Habrecht’s 1621 globe. Because Bartsch’s volume paired practical astronomical tables with constellation lore, it circulated widely among seventeenth- and eighteenth-century astronomers. However, since few readers paid close attention to his citation of Habrecht, posterity often mistakenly credited Bartsch himself as the creator of these biblical figures.<blockquote>''"TIGRIS fluvius Asiae insignis, Mesopotamiam ab ortu alluens, quem ex Paradiso oriri sacrae literae testantur. Gen. 2. Noviter ex variis Pegasi, Equulei, Cygni, & Ophiuchi informibus formatus & adjectus, iisdem alluit."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"The Tigris, a renowned river of Asia washing Mesopotamia from the east, which the Sacred Scriptures testify arises from Paradise (Genesis 2). Newly formed and added from various unformed stars of Pegasus, Equuleus, Cygnus, and Ophiuchus, washing past the same."'' ''(Translation: Doris Vickers)''</blockquote>Bartsch’s work served as the primary printed vehicle that disseminated Plancius’s globe additions across Europe.		In the commentary accompanying his star maps, Bartsch outlined the biblical symbolism of the newly added constellations while reinterpreting the traditional Ptolemaic figures through a scriptural lens. Likely unaware of Plancius’s original contributions, owing to the rarity of his globes, Bartsch noted that he had encountered these new constellations via his mentor Isaac Habrecht’s 1621 globe. Because Bartsch’s volume paired practical astronomical tables with constellation lore, it circulated widely among seventeenth- and eighteenth-century astronomers. However, since few readers paid close attention to his citation of Habrecht, posterity often mistakenly credited Bartsch himself as the creator of these biblical figures.<blockquote>''"TIGRIS fluvius Asiae insignis, Mesopotamiam ab ortu alluens, quem ex Paradiso oriri sacrae literae testantur. Gen. 2. Noviter ex variis Pegasi, Equulei, Cygni, & Ophiuchi informibus formatus & adjectus, iisdem alluit."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"The Tigris, a renowned river of Asia washing Mesopotamia from the east, which the Sacred Scriptures testify arises from Paradise (Genesis 2). Newly formed and added from various unformed stars of Pegasus, Equuleus, Cygnus, and Ophiuchus, washing past the same."'' ''(Translation: Doris Vickers)''</blockquote>Bartsch’s work served as the primary printed vehicle that disseminated Plancius’s globe additions across Europe.

			The Christian association for Bartsch is also clearly attested in the descriptions of the previous and following constellations, Delphinus connected to the Ship of Simon and Cygnus as the cross of Christ.

	==== Sources ====		==== Sources ====

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2026-08-17T15:22:35Z

Sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:22, 17 August 2026
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	Plancius's Biblical Maps (1590) with the rivers Jordan and its two sources Ior and Dan, Tigris and Euphrates, and the Biblical paradise & tree of life south of Babylon. "Paradise" is depicted at the confluence of the Euphrates and the Tigris, illustrating Bartsch's citation that Tigris "arises from Paradise (Gen. 2)". This cultural interpretation might be the reason why Tigris is copied by other astronomers while Euphrates (geographically much longer) is dropped by Habrecht, Bartsch, Hevelius and others. <gallery>		Plancius's Biblical Maps (1590) with the rivers Jordan and its two sources Ior and Dan, Tigris and Euphrates, and the Biblical paradise & tree of life south of Babylon. "Paradise" is depicted at the confluence of the Euphrates and the Tigris, illustrating Bartsch's citation that Tigris "arises from Paradise (Gen. 2)". This cultural interpretation might be the reason why Tigris is copied by other astronomers while Euphrates (geographically much longer) is dropped by Habrecht, Bartsch, Hevelius and others. <gallery>
	File:~~KEE_Jordanus_piece_hi~~.JPG\|alt=historical globe gores (1612)\|Globe gores by van den Keere & Plancius (1612)		File:KEE Jordanus piece hi.JPG\|alt=historical globe gores (1612)\|Jordanus on Globe gores by van den Keere & Plancius (1612)
	File:~~Plancius1590_BiblicalMaps_an~~.gif\|Plancius (1590): Biblical Maps, with modern highlighting of Jor-Dan.		File:KEE Tigris+Euphrates.jpg\|Tigris and Euprates on Plancius (1612) and van den Keere's globe gores.
	File:~~Plancius1590_BiblicalMaps_largeView_anim~~.gif\|Plancius (1590): Biblical Maps, with modern highlighting of Jor-Dan, Euphrates, Tigris and the Paradise south of Babylon.		File:Plancius1590 BiblicalMaps an.gif\|Plancius (1590): Biblical Maps, with modern highlighting of Jor-Dan.
			File:Plancius1590 BiblicalMaps largeView anim.gif\|Plancius (1590): Biblical Maps, with modern highlighting of Jor-Dan, Euphrates, Tigris and the Paradise south of Babylon.
	</gallery>		</gallery>

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	==== Sources ====		==== Sources ====
			[[File:Plancius1590 BiblicalMaps.jpg.jpg\|thumb\|Plancius(1590) Biblical Maps, displaying "Tigris fl. hebraice Hidekel" passing "Heden" (Eden with the Tree of Life). ]]

	Plancius's Biblical Maps (1590) with the rivers Jordan and its two sources Ior and Dan, Tigris and Euphrates, and the Biblical paradise & tree of life south of Babylon. "Paradise" is depicted at the confluence of the Euphrates and the Tigris, illustrating Bartsch's citation that Tigris "arises from Paradise (Gen. 2)". This cultural interpretation might be the reason why Tigris is copied by other astronomers while Euphrates (geographically much longer) is dropped by Habrecht, Bartsch, Hevelius and others. <gallery>		Plancius's Biblical Maps (1590) with the rivers Jordan and its two sources Ior and Dan, Tigris and Euphrates, and the Biblical paradise & tree of life south of Babylon. "Paradise" is depicted at the confluence of the Euphrates and the Tigris, illustrating Bartsch's citation that Tigris "arises from Paradise (Gen. 2)". This cultural interpretation might be the reason why Tigris is copied by other astronomers while Euphrates (geographically much longer) is dropped by Habrecht, Bartsch, Hevelius and others. <gallery>
	File:KEE_Jordanus_piece_hi.JPG\|alt=historical globe gores (1612)\|Globe gores by van den Keere & Plancius (1612)		File:KEE_Jordanus_piece_hi.JPG\|alt=historical globe gores (1612)\|Globe gores by van den Keere & Plancius (1612)

Sushoff: /* Sources */

2026-08-17T15:15:29Z

Sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:15, 17 August 2026
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	[[File:Bartsch1624 Tigris hi.png\|thumb\|[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LGBRAAAAcAAJ&dq=usus%20astronomicus&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q=usus%20astronomicus&f=true Bartsch (1624)] about Tigris as constellation.]]		[[File:Bartsch1624 Tigris hi.png\|thumb\|[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LGBRAAAAcAAJ&dq=usus%20astronomicus&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q=usus%20astronomicus&f=true Bartsch (1624)] about Tigris as constellation.]]

	In the commentary accompanying his star maps, Bartsch outlined the biblical symbolism of the newly added constellations while reinterpreting the traditional Ptolemaic figures through a scriptural lens. Likely unaware of Plancius’s original contributions, owing to the rarity of his globes, Bartsch noted that he had encountered these new constellations via his mentor Isaac Habrecht’s 1621 globe. Because Bartsch’s volume paired practical astronomical tables with constellation lore, it circulated widely among seventeenth- and eighteenth-century astronomers. However, since few readers paid close attention to his citation of Habrecht, posterity often mistakenly credited Bartsch himself as the creator of these biblical figures.<blockquote>''"~~TYGRIS~~ fluvius Asiae insignis, Mesopotamiam ab ortu alluens, quem ex Paradiso oriri sacrae literae testantur. Gen. 2. Noviter ex variis Pegasi, Equulei, Cygni, & Ophiuchi informibus formatus & adjectus, iisdem alluit."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"The Tigris, a renowned river of Asia washing Mesopotamia from the east, which the Sacred Scriptures testify arises from Paradise (Genesis 2). Newly formed and added from various unformed stars of Pegasus, Equuleus, Cygnus, and Ophiuchus, washing past the same."'' ''(Translation: Doris Vickers)''</blockquote>Bartsch’s work served as the primary printed vehicle that disseminated Plancius’s globe additions across Europe.		In the commentary accompanying his star maps, Bartsch outlined the biblical symbolism of the newly added constellations while reinterpreting the traditional Ptolemaic figures through a scriptural lens. Likely unaware of Plancius’s original contributions, owing to the rarity of his globes, Bartsch noted that he had encountered these new constellations via his mentor Isaac Habrecht’s 1621 globe. Because Bartsch’s volume paired practical astronomical tables with constellation lore, it circulated widely among seventeenth- and eighteenth-century astronomers. However, since few readers paid close attention to his citation of Habrecht, posterity often mistakenly credited Bartsch himself as the creator of these biblical figures.<blockquote>''"TIGRIS fluvius Asiae insignis, Mesopotamiam ab ortu alluens, quem ex Paradiso oriri sacrae literae testantur. Gen. 2. Noviter ex variis Pegasi, Equulei, Cygni, & Ophiuchi informibus formatus & adjectus, iisdem alluit."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"The Tigris, a renowned river of Asia washing Mesopotamia from the east, which the Sacred Scriptures testify arises from Paradise (Genesis 2). Newly formed and added from various unformed stars of Pegasus, Equuleus, Cygnus, and Ophiuchus, washing past the same."'' ''(Translation: Doris Vickers)''</blockquote>Bartsch’s work served as the primary printed vehicle that disseminated Plancius’s globe additions across Europe.

	==== Sources ====		==== Sources ====

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	* Tigris		* Tigris
			* Tygris
	* Tÿgris Fluvi<sub>9</sub> (Tygris Fluvius)		* Tÿgris Fluvi<sub>9</sub> (Tygris Fluvius)

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	[[File:Bartsch1624 Tigris hi.png\|thumb\|[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LGBRAAAAcAAJ&dq=usus%20astronomicus&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q=usus%20astronomicus&f=true Bartsch (1624)] about Tigris as constellation.]]		[[File:Bartsch1624 Tigris hi.png\|thumb\|[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LGBRAAAAcAAJ&dq=usus%20astronomicus&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q=usus%20astronomicus&f=true Bartsch (1624)] about Tigris as constellation.]]

	In the commentary accompanying his star maps, Bartsch outlined the biblical symbolism of the newly added constellations while reinterpreting the traditional Ptolemaic figures through a scriptural lens. Likely unaware of Plancius’s original contributions, owing to the rarity of his globes, Bartsch noted that he had encountered these new constellations via his mentor Isaac Habrecht’s 1621 globe. Because Bartsch’s volume paired practical astronomical tables with constellation lore, it circulated widely among seventeenth- and eighteenth-century astronomers. However, since few readers paid close attention to his citation of Habrecht, posterity often mistakenly credited Bartsch himself as the creator of these biblical figures.<blockquote>''"~~TIGRIS~~ fluvius Asiae insignis, Mesopotamiam ab ortu alluens, quem ex Paradiso oriri sacrae literae testantur. Gen. 2. Noviter ex variis Pegasi, Equulei, Cygni, & Ophiuchi informibus formatus & adjectus, iisdem alluit."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"The Tigris, a renowned river of Asia washing Mesopotamia from the east, which the Sacred Scriptures testify arises from Paradise (Genesis 2). Newly formed and added from various unformed stars of Pegasus, Equuleus, Cygnus, and Ophiuchus, washing past the same."'' ''(Translation: Doris Vickers)''</blockquote>Bartsch’s work served as the primary printed vehicle that disseminated Plancius’s globe additions across Europe.		In the commentary accompanying his star maps, Bartsch outlined the biblical symbolism of the newly added constellations while reinterpreting the traditional Ptolemaic figures through a scriptural lens. Likely unaware of Plancius’s original contributions, owing to the rarity of his globes, Bartsch noted that he had encountered these new constellations via his mentor Isaac Habrecht’s 1621 globe. Because Bartsch’s volume paired practical astronomical tables with constellation lore, it circulated widely among seventeenth- and eighteenth-century astronomers. However, since few readers paid close attention to his citation of Habrecht, posterity often mistakenly credited Bartsch himself as the creator of these biblical figures.<blockquote>''"TYGRIS fluvius Asiae insignis, Mesopotamiam ab ortu alluens, quem ex Paradiso oriri sacrae literae testantur. Gen. 2. Noviter ex variis Pegasi, Equulei, Cygni, & Ophiuchi informibus formatus & adjectus, iisdem alluit."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"The Tigris, a renowned river of Asia washing Mesopotamia from the east, which the Sacred Scriptures testify arises from Paradise (Genesis 2). Newly formed and added from various unformed stars of Pegasus, Equuleus, Cygnus, and Ophiuchus, washing past the same."'' ''(Translation: Doris Vickers)''</blockquote>Bartsch’s work served as the primary printed vehicle that disseminated Plancius’s globe additions across Europe.

	==== Sources ====		==== Sources ====

Sushoff: /* Sources */

2026-08-17T15:13:53Z

Sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:13, 17 August 2026
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	Like Jordanus, Tigris first appeared in print on the 1624 chart by Jacob Bartsch and as a result Bartsch was sometimes wrongly credited with its formation. Also like Jordanus, it was not adopted by Hevelius for his influential atlas of 1687. Both constellations became forgotten during the 18th century and were not shown by Johann Bode on his ''Uranographia'' atlas of 1801.</blockquote>		Like Jordanus, Tigris first appeared in print on the 1624 chart by Jacob Bartsch and as a result Bartsch was sometimes wrongly credited with its formation. Also like Jordanus, it was not adopted by Hevelius for his influential atlas of 1687. Both constellations became forgotten during the 18th century and were not shown by Johann Bode on his ''Uranographia'' atlas of 1801.</blockquote>


	Plancius did not publish an accompanying star catalogue in book form; rather, his additions debuted directly on the 26.5 cm celestial globe engraved by Pieter van den Keere (''Petrus Kaerius'') in Amsterdam (1612–1613).		Plancius did not publish an accompanying star catalogue in book form; rather, his additions debuted directly on the 26.5 cm celestial globe engraved by Pieter van den Keere (''Petrus Kaerius'') in Amsterdam (1612–1613).
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	==== Sources ====		==== Sources ====
	Plancius's Biblical Maps (1590) with the rivers Jordan and its two sources Ior and Dan, Tigris and Euphrates, and the Biblical paradise & tree of life south of Babylon. "Paradise" is depicted at the confluence of the Euphrates and the Tigris, illustrating Bartsch's citation that Tigris "arises from Paradise (Gen. 2)". <gallery>		Plancius's Biblical Maps (1590) with the rivers Jordan and its two sources Ior and Dan, Tigris and Euphrates, and the Biblical paradise & tree of life south of Babylon. "Paradise" is depicted at the confluence of the Euphrates and the Tigris, illustrating Bartsch's citation that Tigris "arises from Paradise (Gen. 2)". This cultural interpretation might be the reason why Tigris is copied by other astronomers while Euphrates (geographically much longer) is dropped by Habrecht, Bartsch, Hevelius and others. <gallery>
	File:KEE_Jordanus_piece_hi.JPG\|alt=historical globe gores (1612)\|Globe gores by van den Keere & Plancius (1612)		File:KEE_Jordanus_piece_hi.JPG\|alt=historical globe gores (1612)\|Globe gores by van den Keere & Plancius (1612)
	File:Plancius1590_BiblicalMaps_an.gif\|Plancius (1590): Biblical Maps, with modern highlighting of Jor-Dan.		File:Plancius1590_BiblicalMaps_an.gif\|Plancius (1590): Biblical Maps, with modern highlighting of Jor-Dan.

Sushoff at 15:10, 17 August 2026

2026-08-17T15:10:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 17 August 2026
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	Plancius did not publish an accompanying star catalogue in book form; rather, his additions debuted directly on the 26.5 cm celestial globe engraved by Pieter van den Keere (''Petrus Kaerius'') in Amsterdam (1612–1613).		Plancius did not publish an accompanying star catalogue in book form; rather, his additions debuted directly on the 26.5 cm celestial globe engraved by Pieter van den Keere (''Petrus Kaerius'') in Amsterdam (1612–1613).
			[[File:Bartsch1624 Tigris hi.png\|thumb\|[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LGBRAAAAcAAJ&dq=usus%20astronomicus&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q=usus%20astronomicus&f=true Bartsch (1624)] about Tigris as constellation.]]

	In the commentary accompanying his star maps, Bartsch outlined the biblical symbolism of the newly added constellations while reinterpreting the traditional Ptolemaic figures through a scriptural lens. Likely unaware of Plancius’s original contributions, owing to the rarity of his globes, Bartsch noted that he had encountered these new constellations via Isaac Habrecht’s 1621 globe. Because Bartsch’s volume paired practical astronomical tables with constellation lore, it circulated widely among seventeenth- and eighteenth-century astronomers. However, since few readers paid close attention to his citation of Habrecht, posterity often mistakenly credited Bartsch himself as the creator of these biblical figures.<blockquote>''"TIGRIS fluvius Asiae insignis, Mesopotamiam ab ortu alluens, quem ex Paradiso oriri sacrae literae testantur. Gen. 2. Noviter ex variis Pegasi, Equulei, Cygni, & Ophiuchi informibus formatus & adjectus, iisdem alluit."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"The Tigris, a renowned river of Asia washing Mesopotamia from the east, which the Sacred Scriptures testify arises from Paradise (Genesis 2). Newly formed and added from various unformed stars of Pegasus, Equuleus, Cygnus, and Ophiuchus, washing past the same."'' ''(Translation: Doris Vickers)''</blockquote>Bartsch’s work served as the primary printed vehicle that disseminated Plancius’s globe additions across Europe.		In the commentary accompanying his star maps, Bartsch outlined the biblical symbolism of the newly added constellations while reinterpreting the traditional Ptolemaic figures through a scriptural lens. Likely unaware of Plancius’s original contributions, owing to the rarity of his globes, Bartsch noted that he had encountered these new constellations via his mentor Isaac Habrecht’s 1621 globe. Because Bartsch’s volume paired practical astronomical tables with constellation lore, it circulated widely among seventeenth- and eighteenth-century astronomers. However, since few readers paid close attention to his citation of Habrecht, posterity often mistakenly credited Bartsch himself as the creator of these biblical figures.<blockquote>''"TIGRIS fluvius Asiae insignis, Mesopotamiam ab ortu alluens, quem ex Paradiso oriri sacrae literae testantur. Gen. 2. Noviter ex variis Pegasi, Equulei, Cygni, & Ophiuchi informibus formatus & adjectus, iisdem alluit."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"The Tigris, a renowned river of Asia washing Mesopotamia from the east, which the Sacred Scriptures testify arises from Paradise (Genesis 2). Newly formed and added from various unformed stars of Pegasus, Equuleus, Cygnus, and Ophiuchus, washing past the same."'' ''(Translation: Doris Vickers)''</blockquote>Bartsch’s work served as the primary printed vehicle that disseminated Plancius’s globe additions across Europe.

	==== Sources ====		==== Sources ====
			Plancius's Biblical Maps (1590) with the rivers Jordan and its two sources Ior and Dan, Tigris and Euphrates, and the Biblical paradise & tree of life south of Babylon. "Paradise" is depicted at the confluence of the Euphrates and the Tigris, illustrating Bartsch's citation that Tigris "arises from Paradise (Gen. 2)". <gallery>
			File:KEE_Jordanus_piece_hi.JPG\|alt=historical globe gores (1612)\|Globe gores by van den Keere & Plancius (1612)
			File:Plancius1590_BiblicalMaps_an.gif\|Plancius (1590): Biblical Maps, with modern highlighting of Jor-Dan.
			File:Plancius1590_BiblicalMaps_largeView_anim.gif\|Plancius (1590): Biblical Maps, with modern highlighting of Jor-Dan, Euphrates, Tigris and the Paradise south of Babylon.
			</gallery>

	==== Identifications ====		==== Identifications ====

Dorvic: /* Early Modern Europe */

2026-08-14T14:11:14Z

Early Modern Europe

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:11, 14 August 2026
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	The celestial Tigris began at the neck of [[Pegasus]] and flowed between [[Cygnus]] and [[Aquila]], an area now occupied by Johannes Hevelius’s later invention [[Vulpecula]]. It ended by the right shoulder of Ophiuchus in a V-shaped group of stars that Ptolemy had listed as lying outside Ophiuchus; these were later to be incorporated in another short-lived constellation, Taurus Poniatovii.		The celestial Tigris began at the neck of [[Pegasus]] and flowed between [[Cygnus]] and [[Aquila]], an area now occupied by Johannes Hevelius’s later invention [[Vulpecula]]. It ended by the right shoulder of Ophiuchus in a V-shaped group of stars that Ptolemy had listed as lying outside Ophiuchus; these were later to be incorporated in another short-lived constellation, Taurus Poniatovii.

	Like Jordanus, Tigris first appeared in print on the 1624 chart by Jacob Bartsch and as a result Bartsch was sometimes wrongly credited with its formation. Also like Jordanus, it was not adopted by Hevelius for his influential atlas of 1687. Both constellations became forgotten during the 18th century and were not shown by Johann Bode on his ''Uranographia'' atlas of 1801.</blockquote>The clearest contemporary text explaining both the theological rationale and astronomical construction of Tigris is found in the companion manual to the star charts published by German astronomer Jacob Bartsch. Bartsch first encountered Plancius’s additions on Isaac Habrecht’s 1621 globe and recorded the explicit Genesis connection in print:<blockquote>''"TIGRIS fluvius Asiae insignis, Mesopotamiam ab ortu alluens, quem ex Paradiso oriri sacrae literae testantur. Gen. 2. Noviter ex variis Pegasi, Equulei, Cygni, & Ophiuchi informibus formatus & adjectus, iisdem alluit."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"The Tigris, a renowned river of Asia washing Mesopotamia from the east, which the Sacred Scriptures testify arises from Paradise (Genesis 2). Newly formed and added from various unformed stars of Pegasus, Equuleus, Cygnus, and Ophiuchus, washing past the same."'' ''(Translation: Doris Vickers)''</blockquote>Bartsch’s work served as the primary printed vehicle that disseminated Plancius’s globe additions across Europe.		Like Jordanus, Tigris first appeared in print on the 1624 chart by Jacob Bartsch and as a result Bartsch was sometimes wrongly credited with its formation. Also like Jordanus, it was not adopted by Hevelius for his influential atlas of 1687. Both constellations became forgotten during the 18th century and were not shown by Johann Bode on his ''Uranographia'' atlas of 1801.</blockquote>


	Plancius did not publish an accompanying star catalogue in book form; rather, his additions debuted directly on the 26.5 cm celestial globe engraved by Pieter van den Keere (''Petrus Kaerius'') in Amsterdam (1612–1613).		Plancius did not publish an accompanying star catalogue in book form; rather, his additions debuted directly on the 26.5 cm celestial globe engraved by Pieter van den Keere (''Petrus Kaerius'') in Amsterdam (1612–1613).

			In the commentary accompanying his star maps, Bartsch outlined the biblical symbolism of the newly added constellations while reinterpreting the traditional Ptolemaic figures through a scriptural lens. Likely unaware of Plancius’s original contributions, owing to the rarity of his globes, Bartsch noted that he had encountered these new constellations via Isaac Habrecht’s 1621 globe. Because Bartsch’s volume paired practical astronomical tables with constellation lore, it circulated widely among seventeenth- and eighteenth-century astronomers. However, since few readers paid close attention to his citation of Habrecht, posterity often mistakenly credited Bartsch himself as the creator of these biblical figures.<blockquote>''"TIGRIS fluvius Asiae insignis, Mesopotamiam ab ortu alluens, quem ex Paradiso oriri sacrae literae testantur. Gen. 2. Noviter ex variis Pegasi, Equulei, Cygni, & Ophiuchi informibus formatus & adjectus, iisdem alluit."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"The Tigris, a renowned river of Asia washing Mesopotamia from the east, which the Sacred Scriptures testify arises from Paradise (Genesis 2). Newly formed and added from various unformed stars of Pegasus, Equuleus, Cygnus, and Ophiuchus, washing past the same."'' ''(Translation: Doris Vickers)''</blockquote>Bartsch’s work served as the primary printed vehicle that disseminated Plancius’s globe additions across Europe.

	==== Sources ====		==== Sources ====

Dorvic: /* Early Modern Europe */

2026-08-14T14:04:45Z

Early Modern Europe

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 14 August 2026
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	The celestial Tigris began at the neck of [[Pegasus]] and flowed between [[Cygnus]] and [[Aquila]], an area now occupied by Johannes Hevelius’s later invention [[Vulpecula]]. It ended by the right shoulder of Ophiuchus in a V-shaped group of stars that Ptolemy had listed as lying outside Ophiuchus; these were later to be incorporated in another short-lived constellation, Taurus Poniatovii.		The celestial Tigris began at the neck of [[Pegasus]] and flowed between [[Cygnus]] and [[Aquila]], an area now occupied by Johannes Hevelius’s later invention [[Vulpecula]]. It ended by the right shoulder of Ophiuchus in a V-shaped group of stars that Ptolemy had listed as lying outside Ophiuchus; these were later to be incorporated in another short-lived constellation, Taurus Poniatovii.

	Like Jordanus, Tigris first appeared in print on the 1624 chart by Jacob Bartsch and as a result Bartsch was sometimes wrongly credited with its formation. Also like Jordanus, it was not adopted by Hevelius for his influential atlas of 1687. Both constellations became forgotten during the 18th century and were not shown by Johann Bode on his ''Uranographia'' atlas of 1801.</blockquote>The clearest contemporary text explaining both the theological rationale and astronomical construction of Tigris is found in the companion manual to the star charts published by German astronomer Jacob Bartsch. Bartsch first encountered Plancius’s additions on Isaac Habrecht’s 1621 globe and recorded the explicit Genesis connection in print:<blockquote>''"TIGRIS fluvius Asiae insignis, Mesopotamiam ab ortu alluens, quem ex Paradiso oriri sacrae literae testantur. Gen. 2. Noviter ex variis Pegasi, Equulei, Cygni, & Ophiuchi informibus formatus & adjectus, iisdem alluit."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"The Tigris, a renowned river of Asia washing Mesopotamia from the east, which the Sacred Scriptures testify arises from Paradise (Genesis 2). Newly formed and added from various unformed stars of Pegasus, Equuleus, Cygnus, and Ophiuchus, washing past the same."'' ''(Translation: Doris Vickers)''</blockquote>Bartsch’s work served as the primary printed vehicle that disseminated Plancius’s globe additions across Europe.~~<blockquote></blockquote>~~		Like Jordanus, Tigris first appeared in print on the 1624 chart by Jacob Bartsch and as a result Bartsch was sometimes wrongly credited with its formation. Also like Jordanus, it was not adopted by Hevelius for his influential atlas of 1687. Both constellations became forgotten during the 18th century and were not shown by Johann Bode on his ''Uranographia'' atlas of 1801.</blockquote>The clearest contemporary text explaining both the theological rationale and astronomical construction of Tigris is found in the companion manual to the star charts published by German astronomer Jacob Bartsch. Bartsch first encountered Plancius’s additions on Isaac Habrecht’s 1621 globe and recorded the explicit Genesis connection in print:<blockquote>''"TIGRIS fluvius Asiae insignis, Mesopotamiam ab ortu alluens, quem ex Paradiso oriri sacrae literae testantur. Gen. 2. Noviter ex variis Pegasi, Equulei, Cygni, & Ophiuchi informibus formatus & adjectus, iisdem alluit."''</blockquote><blockquote>''"The Tigris, a renowned river of Asia washing Mesopotamia from the east, which the Sacred Scriptures testify arises from Paradise (Genesis 2). Newly formed and added from various unformed stars of Pegasus, Equuleus, Cygnus, and Ophiuchus, washing past the same."'' ''(Translation: Doris Vickers)''</blockquote>Bartsch’s work served as the primary printed vehicle that disseminated Plancius’s globe additions across Europe.

			Plancius did not publish an accompanying star catalogue in book form; rather, his additions debuted directly on the 26.5 cm celestial globe engraved by Pieter van den Keere (''Petrus Kaerius'') in Amsterdam (1612–1613).

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