Tikpu - Revision history

Sushoff at 19:33, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T19:33:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:33, 26 March 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Tikpu''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Tikpu''}}
	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	''tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍). The term, a noun from the root ''takāpu'' , 'to dot, to make spots, to sew, to stitch,' refers to asterisms consisting of small points of light bound close together to one another that form an element in a larger asterism or constellation. Seven such ''tikpu'' are listed in the Great Star List and VAT 9418 (KAR 142) including a ''tikpu'' in the constellation <sup>mul</sup>[[U5.RI2.IN\|U<sub>5</sub>.RI<sub>2</sub>.IN]], this almost certainly being the three stars of the belt of [[Orion]].		''tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍). The term, a noun from the root ''takāpu'' , 'to dot, to make spots, to sew, to stitch,' refers to asterisms consisting of small points of light bound close together to one another that form an element in a larger asterism or constellation. Seven such ''tikpu'' are listed in the Great Star List and VAT 9418 (KAR 142) including a ''tikpu'' in the constellation <sup>mul</sup>[[U5.RI2.IN\|U<sub>5</sub>.RI<sub>2</sub>.IN]], this almost certainly being the three stars of the belt of [[Orion]].

Sushoff: /* Sources and Identifications */

2026-03-12T16:01:01Z

Sources and Identifications

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:01, 12 March 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia".'''		\|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia".'''
	* <sup>mul</sup>gam<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>lugal / <sup>mul</sup>u<sub>5</sub>.ri<sub>2</sub>.in <sup>mul</sup>ka.muš.i<sub>3</sub>.nag.a / <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>li<sub>9</sub>.si<sub>4</sub>: 7 ''ti-ik-pi'' "Staff, King, Eagle(?), Pest, Bull's Jaw, Snake, Fox: 7 tikpi-(stars)" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:222-225].		* <sup>mul</sup>gam<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>lugal / <sup>mul</sup>u<sub>5</sub>.ri<sub>2</sub>.in <sup>mul</sup>ka.muš.i<sub>3</sub>.nag.a / <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>li<sub>9</sub>.si<sub>4</sub>: 7 ''ti-ik-pi''
	\|~~Example~~		* "Staff, King, Eagle(?), Pest, Bull's Jaw, Snake, Fox: 7 tikpi-(stars)" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:222-225].
			\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''VAT 9418.'''		\|'''VAT 9418.'''
	* <sup>mul</sup>šu.g[i] <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.[na] / <sup>mul</sup>˹sipa˺.zi.an.na <sup>mul</sup>ur.g[u.la] / <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>2</sub>.tab <sup>mul</sup>lu.[lim<sup>?</sup>]: [7] ˹''ti''˺-''ik''-˹''pi''˺ Old M[an], Heaven[ly] Bull, True Shepherd of Anu, L[eo], Snake, Scorpius, De[er?] [7] ''tikpu''-(stars)" [KAR<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.</ref>, 142 i 35-38].		* <sup>mul</sup>šu.g[i] <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.[na] / <sup>mul</sup>˹sipa˺.zi.an.na <sup>mul</sup>ur.g[u.la] / <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>2</sub>.tab <sup>mul</sup>lu.[lim<sup>?</sup>]: [7] ˹''ti''˺-''ik''-˹''pi''˺
			* Old M[an], Heaven[ly] Bull, True Shepherd of Anu, L[eo], Snake, Scorpius, De[er?] [7] ''tikpu''-(stars)" [KAR<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.</ref>, 142 i 35-38].
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff at 16:00, 12 March 2026

2026-03-12T16:00:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:00, 12 March 2026
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	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	''tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍). The term, a noun from the root ''takāpu'' , 'to dot, to make spots, to sew, to stitch,' refers to asterisms consisting of small points of light bound close together to one another that form an element in a larger asterism or constellation. Seven such ''tikpu'' are listed in the Great Star List and VAT 9418 (KAR 142) including a ''tikpu'' in the constellation <sup>mul</sup>[[U5.RI2.IN\|U<sub>5</sub>.RI<sub>2</sub>.IN]], this almost certainly being the three stars of the belt of Orion.		''tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍). The term, a noun from the root ''takāpu'' , 'to dot, to make spots, to sew, to stitch,' refers to asterisms consisting of small points of light bound close together to one another that form an element in a larger asterism or constellation. Seven such ''tikpu'' are listed in the Great Star List and VAT 9418 (KAR 142) including a ''tikpu'' in the constellation <sup>mul</sup>[[U5.RI2.IN\|U<sub>5</sub>.RI<sub>2</sub>.IN]], this almost certainly being the three stars of the belt of [[Orion]].

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Lit. "Spot, speckled." [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 1357b; Weidner 1957-1959<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref> 80b]; "speckled or red stars pertaining to Mars" (?) [3. Erg.<ref name=":0">''Kugler F.X. '' Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.</ref>, 306-7]. This is now known to be incorrect. See also [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1" />, 132] for this correction: Bezold's arguments are based on a misunderstanding of the word ''tikpu'' which he takes as a variant of ''tibku'' "layer of bricks"'','' and interprets as "ziegelrot." In any case, Mesopotamian 'red' covers a wide spectrum of shades from brown and orange to purple (Thavapalan 2020).		Translation is given

	===~~Historical Dictionaries~~===		* Lit. German "Fleck, gefleckt" = English "Spot, speckled." [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 1357b; Weidner 1957-1959<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref> 80b];
			* German "gefleckte oder rote Sterne" = English "speckled or red stars pertaining to Mars" [3. Erg.<ref name=":0">''Kugler F.X. '' Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.</ref>, 306-7].

			The association with Mars is now known to be incorrect. See also [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1" />, 132] for this correction: Bezold's arguments are based on a misunderstanding of the word ''tikpu,'' which he takes as a variant of ''tibku'' "layer of bricks"'','' and interprets as "ziegelrot" (red like bricks). In any case, Mesopotamian 'red' covers a wide spectrum of shades from brown and orange to purple (Thavapalan 2020)<ref>Thavapalan, S. (2020). The Meaning of Color in Ancient Mesopotamia. Brill.</ref>.

			===Sources and Identifications===
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	\|'''VAT 9418.'''		\|'''VAT 9418.'''
	* <sup>mul</sup>šu.g[i] <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.[na] / <sup>mul</sup>˹sipa˺.zi.an.na <sup>mul</sup>ur.g[u.la] / <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>2</sub>.tab <sup>mul</sup>lu.[lim<sup>?</sup>]: [7] ˹''ti''˺-''ik''-˹''pi''˺ Old M[an], Heaven[ly] Bull, True Shepherd of Anu, L[eo], Snake, Scorpius, De[er?] [7] tikpu-(stars)" [KAR<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.</ref>, 142 i 35-38].		* <sup>mul</sup>šu.g[i] <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.[na] / <sup>mul</sup>˹sipa˺.zi.an.na <sup>mul</sup>ur.g[u.la] / <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>2</sub>.tab <sup>mul</sup>lu.[lim<sup>?</sup>]: [7] ˹''ti''˺-''ik''-˹''pi''˺ Old M[an], Heaven[ly] Bull, True Shepherd of Anu, L[eo], Snake, Scorpius, De[er?] [7] ''tikpu''-(stars)" [KAR<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.</ref>, 142 i 35-38].
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

WayneHorowitz at 13:11, 12 March 2026

2026-03-12T13:11:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:11, 12 March 2026
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	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Lit. "Spot, speckled." [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 1357b; Weidner 1957-1959<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref> 80b]; "speckled or red stars pertaining to Mars" (?) [3. Erg.<ref name=":0">''Kugler F.X. '' Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.</ref>, 306-7]. This is now known to be incorrect. See also [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1" />, 132] for this correction: Bezold's arguments are based on a misunderstanding of the word ''tikpu'' which he takes as a variant of ''tibku "layer of bricks",'' and interprets as "ziegelrot." In any case, Mesopotamian 'red' covers a wide spectrum of shades from brown and orange to purple (Thavapalan 2020).		Lit. "Spot, speckled." [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 1357b; Weidner 1957-1959<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref> 80b]; "speckled or red stars pertaining to Mars" (?) [3. Erg.<ref name=":0">''Kugler F.X. '' Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.</ref>, 306-7]. This is now known to be incorrect. See also [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1" />, 132] for this correction: Bezold's arguments are based on a misunderstanding of the word ''tikpu'' which he takes as a variant of ''tibku'' "layer of bricks"'','' and interprets as "ziegelrot." In any case, Mesopotamian 'red' covers a wide spectrum of shades from brown and orange to purple (Thavapalan 2020).

	===Historical Dictionaries===		===Historical Dictionaries===

WayneHorowitz at 13:10, 12 March 2026

2026-03-12T13:10:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:10, 12 March 2026
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	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	''tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍). The term, a noun from the root ''takāpu'' , 'to dot, to make spots, to sew, to stitch,' refers to asterisms consisting of small points of light bound close together to one another that form an element in a larger asterism or constellation. Seven such ''tikpu'' are listed in the Great Star List and VAT 9418 (KAR 142) including a ''tikpu'' in the constellation <sup>mul</sup>[[U5.~~RIi2~~.IN\|U<sub>5</sub>.~~RIi~~<sub>2</sub>.IN]], this almost certainly being the three stars of the belt of Orion.		''tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍). The term, a noun from the root ''takāpu'' , 'to dot, to make spots, to sew, to stitch,' refers to asterisms consisting of small points of light bound close together to one another that form an element in a larger asterism or constellation. Seven such ''tikpu'' are listed in the Great Star List and VAT 9418 (KAR 142) including a ''tikpu'' in the constellation <sup>mul</sup>[[U5.RI2.IN\|U<sub>5</sub>.RI<sub>2</sub>.IN]], this almost certainly being the three stars of the belt of Orion.

	e		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
			Lit. "Spot, speckled." [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 1357b; Weidner 1957-1959<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref> 80b]; "speckled or red stars pertaining to Mars" (?) [3. Erg.<ref name=":0">''Kugler F.X. '' Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.</ref>, 306-7]. This is now known to be incorrect. See also [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1" />, 132] for this correction: Bezold's arguments are based on a misunderstanding of the word ''tikpu'' which he takes as a variant of ''tibku "layer of bricks",'' and interprets as "ziegelrot." In any case, Mesopotamian 'red' covers a wide spectrum of shades from brown and orange to purple (Thavapalan 2020).

	==~~Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>~~==		===Historical Dictionaries===
	~~Lit. "Spot, speckled." [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 1357b; Weidner 1957-1959<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab~~ = ~~''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref> 80b]; "speckled or red stars pertaining to Mars" (?) [3. Erg.<ref name~~=~~":0">''Kugler F.X. '' Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.</ref>, 306-7].~~
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	~~More than a century ago, Bezold and Schaumberger~~ [Bezold 1920<ref>Antike Beobachtungen farbiger Sterne von Franz Boll. Mit einem Beitrag von Carl Bezold // Abhandlungen der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philos.- philolog.-hist. Kl. 1920. Bd. 30. S. 1-164.</ref>, 119ff.; 3. Erg.<ref name=":0" />, 306], attributed ~~the~~ names ~~in the lists~~ of ~~tikpu-stars to~~ Mars. This is now known to be incorrect. See also [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1" />, 132] in this connection.		In [Bezold 1920<ref>Antike Beobachtungen farbiger Sterne von Franz Boll. Mit einem Beitrag von Carl Bezold // Abhandlungen der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philos.- philolog.-hist. Kl. 1920. Bd. 30. S. 1-164.</ref>, 119ff.; 3. Erg.<ref name=":0" />, 306], the term ''tikpu'' is attributed to names of Mars. This is now known to be incorrect. See also [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1" />, 132] for this connection.

	===Historical Dictionaries===		===Historical Dictionaries===

WayneHorowitz at 09:44, 12 March 2026

2026-03-12T09:44:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:44, 12 March 2026
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	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	''tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍) '		''tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍). The term, a noun from the root ''takāpu'' , 'to dot, to make spots, to sew, to stitch,' refers to asterisms consisting of small points of light bound close together to one another that form an element in a larger asterism or constellation. Seven such ''tikpu'' are listed in the Great Star List and VAT 9418 (KAR 142) including a ''tikpu'' in the constellation <sup>mul</sup>[[U5.RIi2.IN\|U<sub>5</sub>.RIi<sub>2</sub>.IN]], this almost certainly being the three stars of the belt of Orion.

	~~s consisting of close groupings of stars that form~~		e

	~~, for example~~

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

WayneHorowitz at 09:37, 12 March 2026

2026-03-12T09:37:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:37, 12 March 2026
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	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	~~<sup>(mul)</sup>~~''~~Tikpu~~'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍) ~~is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.~~		''tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍) '

			s consisting of close groupings of stars that form

			, for example

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
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	~~The names in the lists of tikpu-stars are attributed to Mars by~~ Bezold and Schaumberger [Bezold 1920<ref>Antike Beobachtungen farbiger Sterne von Franz Boll. Mit einem Beitrag von Carl Bezold // Abhandlungen der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philos.- philolog.-hist. Kl. 1920. Bd. 30. S. 1-164.</ref>, 119ff.; 3. Erg.<ref name=":0" />, 306], ~~which~~ is ~~hardly true; see~~ also [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1" />, 132] in this connection.		More than a century ago, Bezold and Schaumberger [Bezold 1920<ref>Antike Beobachtungen farbiger Sterne von Franz Boll. Mit einem Beitrag von Carl Bezold // Abhandlungen der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philos.- philolog.-hist. Kl. 1920. Bd. 30. S. 1-164.</ref>, 119ff.; 3. Erg.<ref name=":0" />, 306], attributed the names in the lists of tikpu-stars to Mars. This is now known to be incorrect. See also [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1" />, 132] in this connection.

	===Historical Dictionaries===		===Historical Dictionaries===

Sushoff at 09:21, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T09:21:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:21, 17 January 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Tikpu''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Tikpu''}}
			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
			----
	<sup>(mul)</sup>''Tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.		<sup>(mul)</sup>''Tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

Sushoff at 17:27, 8 January 2026

2026-01-08T17:27:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:27, 8 January 2026
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	<sup>(mul)</sup>''Tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.		<sup>(mul)</sup>''Tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	~~===Kurtik with Hilder~~, ~~Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim=~~==
	Lit. "Spot, speckled." [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 1357b; Weidner 1957-1959<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref> 80b]; "speckled or red stars pertaining to Mars" (?) [3. Erg.<ref name=":0">''Kugler F.X. '' Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.</ref>, 306-7].		Lit. "Spot, speckled." [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 1357b; Weidner 1957-1959<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref> 80b]; "speckled or red stars pertaining to Mars" (?) [3. Erg.<ref name=":0">''Kugler F.X. '' Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.</ref>, 306-7].
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

InitTeam at 09:53, 12 October 2025

2025-10-12T09:53:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:53, 12 October 2025
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	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==
	===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===		===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
	Lit. "Spot, speckled." [AHw, 1357b; Weidner 1957-1959 80b]; "speckled or red stars pertaining to Mars" (?) [3. Erg., 306-7].		Lit. "Spot, speckled." [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 1357b; Weidner 1957-1959<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref> 80b]; "speckled or red stars pertaining to Mars" (?) [3. Erg.<ref name=":0">''Kugler F.X. '' Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.</ref>, 306-7].
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia".'''		\|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia".'''
	* <sup>mul</sup>gam<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>lugal / <sup>mul</sup>u<sub>5</sub>.ri<sub>2</sub>.in <sup>mul</sup>ka.muš.i<sub>3</sub>.nag.a / <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>li<sub>9</sub>.si<sub>4</sub>: 7 ''ti-ik-pi'' "Staff, King, Eagle(?), Pest, Bull's Jaw, Snake, Fox: 7 tikpi-(stars)" [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:222-225].		* <sup>mul</sup>gam<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>lugal / <sup>mul</sup>u<sub>5</sub>.ri<sub>2</sub>.in <sup>mul</sup>ka.muš.i<sub>3</sub>.nag.a / <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>li<sub>9</sub>.si<sub>4</sub>: 7 ''ti-ik-pi'' "Staff, King, Eagle(?), Pest, Bull's Jaw, Snake, Fox: 7 tikpi-(stars)" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:222-225].
	\|Example		\|Example
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''VAT 9418.'''		\|'''VAT 9418.'''
	* <sup>mul</sup>šu.g[i] <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.[na] / <sup>mul</sup>˹sipa˺.zi.an.na <sup>mul</sup>ur.g[u.la] / <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>2</sub>.tab <sup>mul</sup>lu.[lim<sup>?</sup>]: [7] ˹''ti''˺-''ik''-˹''pi''˺ Old M[an], Heaven[ly] Bull, True Shepherd of Anu, L[eo], Snake, Scorpius, De[er?] [7] tikpu-(stars)" [KAR, 142 i 35-38].		* <sup>mul</sup>šu.g[i] <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.[na] / <sup>mul</sup>˹sipa˺.zi.an.na <sup>mul</sup>ur.g[u.la] / <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>2</sub>.tab <sup>mul</sup>lu.[lim<sup>?</sup>]: [7] ˹''ti''˺-''ik''-˹''pi''˺ Old M[an], Heaven[ly] Bull, True Shepherd of Anu, L[eo], Snake, Scorpius, De[er?] [7] tikpu-(stars)" [KAR<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.</ref>, 142 i 35-38].
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
	The names in the lists of tikpu-stars are attributed to Mars by Bezold and Schaumberger [Bezold 1920, 119ff.; 3. Erg., 306], which is hardly true; see also [Mesop.Astrol., 132] in this connection.		The names in the lists of tikpu-stars are attributed to Mars by Bezold and Schaumberger [Bezold 1920<ref>Antike Beobachtungen farbiger Sterne von Franz Boll. Mit einem Beitrag von Carl Bezold // Abhandlungen der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philos.- philolog.-hist. Kl. 1920. Bd. 30. S. 1-164.</ref>, 119ff.; 3. Erg.<ref name=":0" />, 306], which is hardly true; see also [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1" />, 132] in this connection.

	===Historical Dictionaries===		===Historical Dictionaries===