UR.GU.LA - Revision history

JanSafford at 11:44, 29 March 2026

2026-03-29T11:44:18Z

Sushoff at 16:04, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:04:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:04, 26 March 2026
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	Authors: ~~Gennady Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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	[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]		[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]

WayneHorowitz at 12:45, 19 March 2026

2026-03-19T12:45:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:45, 19 March 2026
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	[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]		[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]
	<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).		<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû, nēšu,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right). Akkadian ''urgulû'' is a loan-word from the Sumerian.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==
	Akkadian ''~~rgulû~~'') is used only for the constellation and never for the animal. Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>: <blockquote>The sumerogram (literally “great predator”) seems to be a learned synonym of [[UR.MAḪ]] “lion” (literally “foremost predator”). The Akk. equivalent is a loanword from the Sum. It also designates a disease and musical instrument. <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (EN 10l, 11l, 12l). GABA <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA “breast of the lion” (EN 11l). KUN <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA “tail of the lion” (EN 12l).</blockquote>In Kurtik's original dictionary (Kurtik 2007)<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref> see: (Kurtik u17) UR.A, (Kurtik a01) A and (Kurtik u16) UR are separate entries that we merge here because they are all abbreviations of the same constellation name ([[UR.GU.LA]]). For the symbol, identification, and individual parts of the constellation Leo, see (Kurtik u20) UR.GU.LA.		Akkadian ''urgulû'') is used only for the constellation and never for the animal. Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>: <blockquote>The sumerogram (literally “great predator”) seems to be a learned synonym of [[UR.MAḪ]] “lion” (literally “foremost predator”). The Akk. equivalent is a loanword from the Sum. It also designates a disease and musical instrument. <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (EN 10l, 11l, 12l). GABA <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA “breast of the lion” (EN 11l). KUN <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA “tail of the lion” (EN 12l).</blockquote>In Kurtik's original dictionary (Kurtik 2007)<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref> see: (Kurtik u17) UR.A, (Kurtik a01) A and (Kurtik u16) UR are separate entries that we merge here because they are all abbreviations of the same constellation name ([[UR.GU.LA]]). For the symbol, identification, and individual parts of the constellation Leo, see (Kurtik u20) UR.GU.LA.

	See also [Waerden 1949<ref>''Waerden B. L. van der''. Babylonian astronomy. II. The thirty Six Stars // JNES. V. 8. P. 6-26.</ref>, 13; 1952-53<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der''. History of the Zodiac // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. 16. P. 216-230.</ref> 219; 1974<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der'' (with contributions by P.Huber). Science Awakening. II. The Birth of Astronomy. Leiden-N.Y. 1974 </ref>, 70; Weidner 1957-59, 74b; BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 16; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2018). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Mesop. Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273; Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 249; Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref> 2018, 76].		See also [Waerden 1949<ref>''Waerden B. L. van der''. Babylonian astronomy. II. The thirty Six Stars // JNES. V. 8. P. 6-26.</ref>, 13; 1952-53<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der''. History of the Zodiac // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. 16. P. 216-230.</ref> 219; 1974<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der'' (with contributions by P.Huber). Science Awakening. II. The Birth of Astronomy. Leiden-N.Y. 1974 </ref>, 70; Weidner 1957-59, 74b; BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 16; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2018). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Mesop. Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273; Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 249; Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref> 2018, 76].

Sushoff at 12:39, 19 March 2026

2026-03-19T12:39:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 19 March 2026
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	[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]		[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]
	<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''[[urgulû]],'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).		<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==

WayneHorowitz at 11:29, 19 March 2026

2026-03-19T11:29:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:29, 19 March 2026
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	[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]		[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]
	<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''[[urgulû]],'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs, even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).		<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''[[urgulû]],'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==

WayneHorowitz at 11:19, 19 March 2026

2026-03-19T11:19:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:19, 19 March 2026
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	[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]		[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]
	<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs, even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).		<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''[[urgulû]],'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs, even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==

WayneHorowitz at 10:02, 19 March 2026

2026-03-19T10:02:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:02, 19 March 2026
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	[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]		[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]
	<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs, ~~the abbreviation~~ <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).		<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs, even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==
	~~The translation of the term is probably "lion", although the term (Sumerian ,~~ Akkadian = ''~~urgulû~~'') is used only for the constellation and never for the animal. Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>: <blockquote>The sumerogram (literally “great predator”) seems to be a learned synonym of [[UR.MAḪ]] “lion” (literally “foremost predator”). The Akk. equivalent is a loanword from the Sum. It also designates a disease and musical instrument. <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (EN 10l, 11l, 12l). GABA <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA “breast of the lion” (EN 11l). KUN <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA “tail of the lion” (EN 12l).</blockquote>In Kurtik's original dictionary (Kurtik 2007)<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref> see: (Kurtik u17) UR.A, (Kurtik a01) A and (Kurtik u16) UR are separate entries that we merge here because they are all abbreviations of the same constellation name ([[UR.GU.LA]]). For the symbol, identification, and individual parts of the constellation Leo, see (Kurtik u20) UR.GU.LA.		Akkadian ''rgulû'') is used only for the constellation and never for the animal. Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>: <blockquote>The sumerogram (literally “great predator”) seems to be a learned synonym of [[UR.MAḪ]] “lion” (literally “foremost predator”). The Akk. equivalent is a loanword from the Sum. It also designates a disease and musical instrument. <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (EN 10l, 11l, 12l). GABA <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA “breast of the lion” (EN 11l). KUN <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA “tail of the lion” (EN 12l).</blockquote>In Kurtik's original dictionary (Kurtik 2007)<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref> see: (Kurtik u17) UR.A, (Kurtik a01) A and (Kurtik u16) UR are separate entries that we merge here because they are all abbreviations of the same constellation name ([[UR.GU.LA]]). For the symbol, identification, and individual parts of the constellation Leo, see (Kurtik u20) UR.GU.LA.

	See also [Waerden 1949<ref>''Waerden B. L. van der''. Babylonian astronomy. II. The thirty Six Stars // JNES. V. 8. P. 6-26.</ref>, 13; 1952-53<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der''. History of the Zodiac // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. 16. P. 216-230.</ref> 219; 1974<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der'' (with contributions by P.Huber). Science Awakening. II. The Birth of Astronomy. Leiden-N.Y. 1974 </ref>, 70; Weidner 1957-59, 74b; BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 16; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2018). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Mesop. Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273; Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 249; Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref> 2018, 76].		See also [Waerden 1949<ref>''Waerden B. L. van der''. Babylonian astronomy. II. The thirty Six Stars // JNES. V. 8. P. 6-26.</ref>, 13; 1952-53<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der''. History of the Zodiac // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. 16. P. 216-230.</ref> 219; 1974<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der'' (with contributions by P.Huber). Science Awakening. II. The Birth of Astronomy. Leiden-N.Y. 1974 </ref>, 70; Weidner 1957-59, 74b; BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 16; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2018). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Mesop. Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273; Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 249; Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref> 2018, 76].

Sushoff at 15:24, 15 March 2026

2026-03-15T15:24:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:24, 15 March 2026
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	[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]		[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]
	<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs, the abbreviation <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Hoffmann and ~~Horowitz 2025~~ now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).		<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs, the abbreviation <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==

Sushoff at 15:21, 15 March 2026

2026-03-15T15:21:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:21, 15 March 2026
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	[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]		[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]
	<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs, the abbreviation <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Hoffmann and Horowitz 2025 now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).		<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs, the abbreviation <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Hoffmann and Horowitz 2025 now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).

	~~Wayne reread article???~~

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==

WayneHorowitz at 12:55, 15 March 2026

2026-03-15T12:55:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:55, 15 March 2026
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	[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]		[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]
	<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs, the abbreviation <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Hoffmann and Horowitz 2025 now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).		<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs, the abbreviation <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Hoffmann and Horowitz 2025 now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).

			Wayne reread article???

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:55, 15 March 2026
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	[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]		[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]
	<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs, the abbreviation <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Hoffmann and Horowitz 2025 now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).		<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs, the abbreviation <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Hoffmann and Horowitz 2025 now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).

			Wayne reread article???

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:44, 29 March 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967. ]]		[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967.*** ]]
	<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû, nēšu,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right). Akkadian ''urgulû'' is a loan-word from the Sumerian.		<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû, nēšu,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right). Akkadian ''urgulû'' is a loan-word from the Sumerian.

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	**a) [mul…] ur.gu.la ki.ta-''tum'' “Lower [stars …] the Lion” (ε Leo); = <sup>[mul]</sup>˹sag˺<sup>?</sup> ur.gu.la ki.ta-''tum'' “Lower (stars…) head of the Lion”, according to [Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 46, 58],		**a) [mul…] ur.gu.la ki.ta-''tum'' “Lower [stars …] the Lion” (ε Leo); = <sup>[mul]</sup>˹sag˺<sup>?</sup> ur.gu.la ki.ta-''tum'' “Lower (stars…) head of the Lion”, according to [Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 46, 58],
	**b) [mul s]u<sub>6</sub><sup>?</sup> ur.g[u.la] “[Furr]ow of the Lio[n]” (λ Leo), с) […giš.kun ur.gu.la]<sup>?</sup> “[…furrow of the Lion]” (θ Leo), see. (Kurtik m18) [[MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR]].		**b) [mul s]u<sub>6</sub><sup>?</sup> ur.g[u.la] “[Furr]ow of the Lio[n]” (λ Leo), с) […giš.kun ur.gu.la]<sup>?</sup> “[…furrow of the Lion]” (θ Leo), see. (Kurtik m18) [[MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR]].
	*'''§Q'''. […ur]gu.la ''ḫe-pi''<sub>2</sub> ˹3 mul˺.[meš …] 2 dal.ba.an.na min “[…], [L]ion, damage: 3 sta[rs …]. 2 intervals, ditto» '''''[Walker 1995''''', 33; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 106–107; Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 46, 59].		'''§Q'''. […ur]gu.la ''ḫe-pi''<sub>2</sub> ˹3 mul˺.[meš …] 2 dal.ba.an.na min “[…], [L]ion, damage: 3 sta[rs …]. 2 intervals, ditto» '''''[Walker 1995''''', 33; Hunger-Pingree 1999**, 106–107; Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 46, 59].
	\|There is a note in the edition by Hunger and Pingree (1999) that one of the Lions mentioned here may possibly be female. This interpretation is changed in Horowitz and Hoffmann (2024).		\|There is a note in the edition by Hunger and Pingree (1999)* that one of the Lions mentioned here may possibly be female. This interpretation is changed in Horowitz and Hoffmann (2024).*
	[[File:Dalbanna N.jpg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Map for the Babylonian Dalbanna-Text, §N, Susanne M Hoffmann (2024). ]][[File:Dalbanna O.jpg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|star chart for Dalbanna pattern number "O"; for this pattern two versions are given, here distinguished in blue and green (Susanne M Hoffmann 2024)]]		[[File:Dalbanna N.jpg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|Map for the Babylonian Dalbanna-Text, §N, Susanne M Hoffmann (2024). ]][[File:Dalbanna O.jpg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|star chart for Dalbanna pattern number "O"; for this pattern two versions are given, here distinguished in blue and green (Susanne M Hoffmann 2024)]]
	\|-		\|-
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	====Symbol.====		====Symbol.====
	The Walking Lion. The image of a lion (upon which is the inscription: <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA) strolling on the serpent-dragon's back <sup>mul</sup>MUŠ see on the Seleucid tablet VAT 7847 [Weidner 1927<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein Beschreibung des Sternenhimmels aus Assur // AfO. 1927. Bd. 4. S. 73-85.</ref>, Taf. V. 2; 1967<ref>''Weidner E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, Taf. 5-6; Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, fig. 11]. For a description of this scene see ~~thefragmentary~~ text: [MUL] <sup>d</sup>UR.GU.LA ''ṣa-mi-du'' / [...] MUL <sup>d</sup>MUŠ ''ka-bi-is'', quoted in ['''''Wiggermann 1997, 34, note''''' 13]. See also the astral images of the Lion on Hellenistic Uruk seals [Wallenfels 1994<ref>''Wallenfels R''. Uruk. Hellenistic Seal Impressions in the Yale Babylonian Collection. I. Cuneiform Tablets. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1994 (Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka Enberichte 19).</ref>, no. 783-785, 811, 813, 814, 816, 819, 820; Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, figures 28, 29, 30]. According to [Foxvog 1993<ref>''Foxvog D.A.'' Astral Dumuzi / Near Eastern Studies in Honor of W.W.Hallo. Bethesda, MD, 1993.</ref>, 107], text W 22646 contains a list of symbols of zodiacal constellations in which the month Abu (<sup>iti</sup>NE) is associated with the Lion (<sup>múl</sup>UR), corresponding to UR.MAḪ "lion" [SpTU II<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil II / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1983.</ref>, 43:5, 22].		The Walking Lion. The image of a lion (upon which is the inscription: <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA) strolling on the serpent-dragon's back <sup>mul</sup>MUŠ see on the Seleucid tablet VAT 7847 [Weidner 1927<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein Beschreibung des Sternenhimmels aus Assur // AfO. 1927. Bd. 4. S. 73-85.</ref>, Taf. V. 2; 1967<ref>''Weidner E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, Taf. 5-6; Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, fig. 11]. For a description of this scene see the fragmentary text: [MUL] <sup>d</sup>UR.GU.LA ''ṣa-mi-du'' / [...] MUL <sup>d</sup>MUŠ ''ka-bi-is'', quoted in ['''''Wiggermann 1997***, 34, note''''' 13]. See also the astral images of the Lion on Hellenistic Uruk seals [Wallenfels 1994<ref>''Wallenfels R''. Uruk. Hellenistic Seal Impressions in the Yale Babylonian Collection. I. Cuneiform Tablets. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1994 (Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka Enberichte 19).</ref>, no. 783-785, 811, 813, 814, 816, 819, 820; Kurtik 2007<ref>Kurtik, G. (2007): Звездное небо Древней Месопотамии. Шумеро-аккадские названия созвездий и других светил [The Star Heaven of Ancient Mesopotamia: Sumero-Akkadian Names of Constellations and Other Heavenly Bodies], Aletejja, St. Petersburg, Russia.</ref>, figures 28, 29, 30]. According to [Foxvog 1993<ref>''Foxvog D.A.'' Astral Dumuzi / Near Eastern Studies in Honor of W.W.Hallo. Bethesda, MD, 1993.</ref>, 107], text W 22646 contains a list of symbols of zodiacal constellations in which the month Abu (<sup>iti</sup>NE) is associated with the Lion (<sup>múl</sup>UR), corresponding to UR.MAḪ "lion" [SpTU II<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil II / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1983.</ref>, 43:5, 22].
	[[File:Leo 4versionsVAT7847 Capture.JPG\|Reconstruction of the versions of the drawing of UR.GU.LA on VAT 7847 by Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref name=":0" />. \|thumb]]		[[File:Leo 4versionsVAT7847 Capture.JPG\|Reconstruction of the versions of the drawing of UR.GU.LA on VAT 7847 by Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref name=":0" />. \|thumb]]

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	(6) If the Lion is black, the first morning appearances of Saturn is in Leo; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA ''a-dir'' / 3 MU.MEŠ [UR].MAḪ.MEŠ / ''u'' UR.BAR.R[A.ME]Š LU2.U<sub>18</sub>.LU GAZ A.RA<sub>2</sub> KUR [MAR.T]U KUD.MEŠ "If the Lion is dark: within 3 years, [li]ons and wol[ves] will kill off people and cut short lines of communication with [Weste]rn portions of the country." [SAA 8<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 324:3-6; 437:6-r. 2].		(6) If the Lion is black, the first morning appearances of Saturn is in Leo; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA ''a-dir'' / 3 MU.MEŠ [UR].MAḪ.MEŠ / ''u'' UR.BAR.R[A.ME]Š LU2.U<sub>18</sub>.LU GAZ A.RA<sub>2</sub> KUR [MAR.T]U KUD.MEŠ "If the Lion is dark: within 3 years, [li]ons and wol[ves] will kill off people and cut short lines of communication with [Weste]rn portions of the country." [SAA 8<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 324:3-6; 437:6-r. 2].

	(7) The moon eclipses within the regions of the Leo; [...<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.L]A ˹''a-dir''˺ EŠ.BAR LUGAL UŠ<sub>2</sub>-''ma'' UR.A.MEŠ IDIM.MEŠ "(If the Moon) eclipses [in the region of) the [Leo]: a decision for the king, (the king) will die and the lions will become fierce" [Verderame 2002<ref>''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 54, Text IIa: 2′], see also [Weidner 1963<ref>''Weidner E.'' Astrologische Geographie im Alten Orient // AfO. 1963. Bd. 20. S. 117-121.</ref>, 118, MNB 1849 r. 45].		(7) The moon eclipses within the regions of the Leo; [...<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.L]A ˹''a-dir''˺ EŠ.BAR LUGAL UŠ<sub>2</sub>-''ma'' UR.A.MEŠ IDIM.MEŠ "(If the Moon) eclipses [in the region of) the [Leo]: a decision for the king, (the king) will die and the lions will become fierce" [Verderame 2002<ref>''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 54, Text IIa: 2′], see also [Weidner 1963<ref>''Weidner E.'' Astrologische Geographie im Alten Orient // AfO. 1963. Bd. 20. S. 117-121.</ref>, 118, MNB 1849*** r. 45].

	(8) If the stars of Leo flare (the first morning appearance of Jupiter in Leo); see (Kurtik u22) [[UR.MAḪ]], IV 3.		(8) If the stars of Leo flare (the first morning appearance of Jupiter in Leo); see (Kurtik u22) [[UR.MAḪ]], IV 3.