UTU - Revision history

Sushoff at 19:42, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T19:42:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:42, 26 March 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	<sup>d</sup>UTU (𒀭𒌓)is the Sumerian Sun-god and so the Sun in the sky. The name of the Akkadian Sun-god ''[[Šamaš]]'' is commonly written <sup>d</sup>UTU.		<sup>d</sup>UTU (𒀭𒌓)is the Sumerian Sun-god and so the Sun in the sky. The name of the Akkadian Sun-god ''[[Šamaš]]'' is commonly written <sup>d</sup>UTU.

WayneHorowitz at 17:32, 15 March 2026

2026-03-15T17:32:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:32, 15 March 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	<sup>d</sup>UTU (𒀭𒌓) is ~~an ancient Mesopotamian asterism~~.		<sup>d</sup>UTU (𒀭𒌓)is the Sumerian Sun-god and so the Sun in the sky. The name of the Akkadian Sun-god ''[[Šamaš]]'' is commonly written <sup>d</sup>UTU.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

Sushoff at 09:30, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T09:30:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:30, 17 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
			----
	<sup>d</sup>UTU (𒀭𒌓) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.		<sup>d</sup>UTU (𒀭𒌓) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

InitTeam at 21:16, 9 January 2026

2026-01-09T21:16:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:16, 9 January 2026
Line 18:		Line 18:
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	See. [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 40, 87, 214; BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, III 24b, XVIII 9; BPO 3<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, 287; Dietrich 1996<ref>''Dietrich M.'' Altbabylonische Omina zur Sonnenfinsternis // WZKM. 1996. Bd. 86. S. 99-106.</ref>; Gossman 1950<ref name=":0" /> 373, III; Largement 1957<ref>''Largement R.'' Contribution à l’Etudes des Astres errants dans l’Astrologie chaldéenne // ZA. 1957. Bd. 18. S.235-264. Abbreviated ACh.</ref>, 240:20, 22, 25b, 254:114; Verderame 2002<ref>''Verderame L.'' Enūma Anu Enlil Tablets 1-13 // Under One Sky. Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near East. Ed. J.M.Steele – A.Imhausen. Münster, Ugarit-Verlag 2002. P. 447- 455.</ref>, 249; Van Soldt 1995<ref>''Soldt W.H. van''. Solar Omens of Enuma Anu Enlil: Tablets 23(24) – 29(30). Istanbul, 1995.</ref>, 149; SpTU I<ref name=":1">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 90:11,16,17, r. 8'; 91:11; SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 101:28, 29, 37].		See. [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ref>, 40, 87, 214; BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, III 24b, XVIII 9; BPO 3<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, 287; Dietrich 1996<ref>''Dietrich M.'' Altbabylonische Omina zur Sonnenfinsternis // WZKM. 1996. Bd. 86. S. 99-106.</ref>; Gossman 1950<ref name=":0" /> 373, III; Largement 1957<ref>''Largement R.'' Contribution à l’Etudes des Astres errants dans l’Astrologie chaldéenne // ZA. 1957. Bd. 18. S.235-264. Abbreviated ACh.</ref>, 240:20, 22, 25b, 254:114; Verderame 2002<ref>''Verderame L.'' Enūma Anu Enlil Tablets 1-13 // Under One Sky. Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near East. Ed. J.M.Steele – A.Imhausen. Münster, Ugarit-Verlag 2002. P. 447- 455.</ref>, 249; Van Soldt 1995<ref>''Soldt W.H. van''. Solar Omens of Enuma Anu Enlil: Tablets 23(24) – 29(30). Istanbul, 1995.</ref>, 149; SpTU I<ref name=":1">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 90:11,16,17, r. 8'; 91:11; SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 101:28, 29, 37].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff at 18:13, 8 January 2026

2026-01-08T18:13:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:13, 8 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	<sup>d</sup>UTU (𒀭𒌓) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.		<sup>d</sup>UTU (𒀭𒌓) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

	==~~= Krebernik~~ (~~2023~~) ~~===~~		Var. readings and notations:
	Utu/''Šamaš''. The sun god. <sup>d</sup>UTU (EA 6–7r).
			* 20, <sup>d</sup>20, MAN;
			* = <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš''; the solar god Shamash, the Sun [Gossman 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 135], see also (Kurtik d09) [[DINGIR]], (Kurtik m04) [[MAN]], (Kurtik sh03) ''[[Šamaš]]''.
			* Utu/''Šamaš''. The sun god. <sup>d</sup>UTU (EA 6–7r).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>

	~~===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim, Safford===~~
	Var. readings and notations: 20, <sup>d</sup>20, MAN; = <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš''; the solar god Shamash, the Sun [Gossman 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 135], see also (Kurtik d09) [[DINGIR]], (Kurtik m04) [[MAN]], (Kurtik sh03) ''[[Šamaš]]''.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+

InitTeam at 06:27, 16 December 2025

2025-12-16T06:27:38Z

JanSafford at 13:11, 13 December 2025

2025-12-13T13:11:25Z

Show changes

Sushoff at 17:05, 19 August 2025

2025-08-19T17:05:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:05, 19 August 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	<sup>d</sup>UTU (𒀭𒌓) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.		<sup>d</sup>UTU (𒀭𒌓) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
	==~~Dictionary~~==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==

	=== Krebernik (2023) ===		=== Krebernik (2023) ===

InitTeam at 15:32, 17 August 2025

2025-08-17T15:32:32Z

InitTeam at 14:46, 29 July 2025

2025-07-29T14:46:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:46, 29 July 2025
Line 73:		Line 73:

	==== II. Astrology. ====		==== II. Astrology. ====
	~~Identifications:~~

			===== Identifications: =====
	(1) = Saturn; see (Kurtik u09) [[UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ]], III 1-2.		(1) = Saturn; see (Kurtik u09) [[UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ]], III 1-2.

Line 83:		Line 83:
	(4) = Shullāt; see (Kurtik h03) [[Ḫaniš\|<sup>d</sup>''Ḫaniš'']], I "List of Stars VR 46, 1:30".		(4) = Shullāt; see (Kurtik h03) [[Ḫaniš\|<sup>d</sup>''Ḫaniš'']], I "List of Stars VR 46, 1:30".

	Predictions:		===== Predictions: =====

	See the literature cited in section I (EAE, "Letters" and "Reports") as well as numerous articles in the present edition.		See the literature cited in section I (EAE, "Letters" and "Reports") as well as numerous articles in the present edition.

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:27, 16 December 2025
Line 6:		Line 6:

	===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim, Safford===		===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim, Safford===
	Var. readings and notations: 20, <sup>d</sup>20, MAN; = <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš''; the solar god Shamash, the Sun [Gossman 1950 135], see also (Kurtik d09) [[DINGIR]], (Kurtik m04) [[MAN]], (Kurtik sh03) ''[[Šamaš]]''.		Var. readings and notations: 20, <sup>d</sup>20, MAN; = <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš''; the solar god Shamash, the Sun [Gossman 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 135], see also (Kurtik d09) [[DINGIR]], (Kurtik m04) [[MAN]], (Kurtik sh03) ''[[Šamaš]]''.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+
Line 13:		Line 13:
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."'''		\|'''"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."'''
	* Neo-Assyrian prayer: <sup>mul d</sup>UTU [Oppenheim 1959, 283:19].		* Neo-Assyrian prayer: <sup>mul d</sup>UTU [Oppenheim 1959<ref>''Oppenheim A.L.'' A New Prayer to the “Gods of the Night” // Analecta biblica. 1959. Vol. 12. P. 282-301.</ref>, 283:19].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	See. [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 40, 87, 214; BPO 2, III 24b, XVIII 9; BPO 3, 287; Dietrich 1996; Gossman 1950 373, III; Largement 1957, 240:20, 22, 25b, 254:114; Verderame 2002, 249; Van Soldt 1995, 149; SpTU I, 90:11,16,17, r. 8'; 91:11; SpTU III, 101:28, 29, 37].		See. [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 40, 87, 214; BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, III 24b, XVIII 9; BPO 3<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, 287; Dietrich 1996<ref>''Dietrich M.'' Altbabylonische Omina zur Sonnenfinsternis // WZKM. 1996. Bd. 86. S. 99-106.</ref>; Gossman 1950<ref name=":0" /> 373, III; Largement 1957<ref>''Largement R.'' Contribution à l’Etudes des Astres errants dans l’Astrologie chaldéenne // ZA. 1957. Bd. 18. S.235-264. Abbreviated ACh.</ref>, 240:20, 22, 25b, 254:114; Verderame 2002<ref>''Verderame L.'' Enūma Anu Enlil Tablets 1-13 // Under One Sky. Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near East. Ed. J.M.Steele – A.Imhausen. Münster, Ugarit-Verlag 2002. P. 447- 455.</ref>, 249; Van Soldt 1995<ref>''Soldt W.H. van''. Solar Omens of Enuma Anu Enlil: Tablets 23(24) – 29(30). Istanbul, 1995.</ref>, 149; SpTU I<ref name=":1">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 90:11,16,17, r. 8'; 91:11; SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 101:28, 29, 37].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
Line 37:		Line 37:
	* (6) Astrological predictions:		* (6) Astrological predictions:
	** (a) DIŠ KUR ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> ''ni-di'' KUR-''ḫa'' 3.20 ŠUR<sub>2</sub>-''ma'' <sup>giš</sup>TUKUL ''i-na-ši'' "If the Sun rises in the nīdu-clouds: The king will become angry and take up arms" (II iii 40),		** (a) DIŠ KUR ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> ''ni-di'' KUR-''ḫa'' 3.20 ŠUR<sub>2</sub>-''ma'' <sup>giš</sup>TUKUL ''i-na-ši'' "If the Sun rises in the nīdu-clouds: The king will become angry and take up arms" (II iii 40),
	** (b) DIŠ <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> ''ni-di'' ŠU<sub>2</sub> LUGAL BE "If the Sun sets in the nīdu-clouds: the king will die" (II iii 41) [MA, 37, 70, 72-77, 82-84, 88-89, 114].		** (b) DIŠ <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> ''ni-di'' ŠU<sub>2</sub> LUGAL BE "If the Sun sets in the nīdu-clouds: the king will die" (II iii 41) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 37, 70, 72-77, 82-84, 88-89, 114].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Letters" and "Reports."'''		\|'''"Letters" and "Reports."'''
	See. [SAA 10, 380b; SAA 8, 352a].		See. [SAA 10<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 380b; SAA 8<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 352a].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
Line 49:		Line 49:
	* (3) list of planets: <sup>d</sup>utu comes second, see [SAA 10.380b; SAA 8]. (Kurtik u07) [[UDU.IDIM]];		* (3) list of planets: <sup>d</sup>utu comes second, see [SAA 10.380b; SAA 8]. (Kurtik u07) [[UDU.IDIM]];
	* (4) <sup>d</sup>utu ''ina'' kur-''šu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>en.lil<sub>2</sub> "The Sun during its rising – Enlil";		* (4) <sup>d</sup>utu ''ina'' kur-''šu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>en.lil<sub>2</sub> "The Sun during its rising – Enlil";
	* (5) <sup>d</sup>utu ''ina šu''<sub>2</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>˹nin<sup>?</sup>.urta˺ "The Sun during its setting – Ninurta" [Mesop.Astrol., App. B: 140, 154, 241, 288, 289].		* (5) <sup>d</sup>utu ''ina šu''<sub>2</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>˹nin<sup>?</sup>.urta˺ "The Sun during its setting – Ninurta" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B: 140, 154, 241, 288, 289].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Star List VR 46, 1:30.'''		\|'''Star List VR 46, 1:30.'''
	* <sup>d</sup>''Šullat''(pa) ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Ḫaniš''(lugal) = <sup>d</sup>utu ''u'' <sup>d</sup>im "Shullat and Hanish = Shamash and Adad" [HBA, 52:30; Wee 2016, 162-3].		* <sup>d</sup>''Šullat''(pa) ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Ḫaniš''(lugal) = <sup>d</sup>utu ''u'' <sup>d</sup>im "Shullat and Hanish = Shamash and Adad" [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 52:30; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, 162-3].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Temple ritual in Babylon.'''		\|'''Temple ritual in Babylon.'''
	* <sup>d</sup>utu ''nūr''(zalag<sub>2</sub>) ''kib-rat'' "the sun, light of the whole world" [RAcc. 138:314; Linssen 2004, 220, 229].		* <sup>d</sup>utu ''nūr''(zalag<sub>2</sub>) ''kib-rat'' "the sun, light of the whole world" [RAcc.<ref>''Thureau-Dansin F''. Rittuels accadiens. Paris, 1921.</ref> 138:314; Linssen 2004<ref>''Linssen, Marc J.H.'' The Cults of Uruk and Babylon : The Temple Ritual Texts as Evidence for Hellenistic Cult Practises. Vol. 25. Cuneiform Monographs. Leiden, Boston : Brill, Styx. 2004.</ref>, 220, 229].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Late astrology.'''		\|'''Late astrology.'''
	* (1) "Horoscopes." See. [BH, passim].		* (1) "Horoscopes." See. [BH, passim].
	* (2) "Hypsoma." KI ''ni-ṣir-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>UTU <sup>múl lú</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub> AN-''e'' [...] "'Secret place' of the Sun: Hired Man (=Aries) celestial(?) [...]" [STC I 212; II, Pl. 69; Landsberger 1923], quoted in [Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 55:30].		* (2) "Hypsoma." KI ''ni-ṣir-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>UTU <sup>múl lú</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub> AN-''e'' [...] "'Secret place' of the Sun: Hired Man (=Aries) celestial(?) [...]" [STC I<ref>''King L.W.'' The Seven Tablets of Creation. Vol. I-II. London, 1902.</ref> 212; II, Pl. 69; Landsberger 1923<ref>''Landsberger B.'' Ein astralmythologischer Kommentar aus der Spätzeit babylonischer Gelehrsamkeit // AfK. 1923. Bd. 1. S. 69-82.</ref>], quoted in [Rochberg-Halton 1988a<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' Elements of the Babylonian Contribution to Hellenistic Astrology // JAOS. 1988. Vol. 108. P. 51-62.</ref>, 55:30].
	* (3) Prediction of grain prices by observations of the positions of the planets relative to the zodiacal constellations and other phenomena [SpTU I, 94, passim].		* (3) Prediction of grain prices by observations of the positions of the planets relative to the zodiacal constellations and other phenomena [SpTU I<ref name=":1" />, 94, passim].
	* (4) Predictions according to the culminations of the stars, lunar eclipses, and the positions of the Sun relative to constellations [SpTU III, 102, passim]; see also [SpTU I, 95; SpTU IV, 161].		* (4) Predictions according to the culminations of the stars, lunar eclipses, and the positions of the Sun relative to constellations [SpTU III, 102, passim]; see also [SpTU I<ref name=":1" />, 95; SpTU IV<ref>''URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18''. Teil IV / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1993.</ref>, 161].
	* (5) Predictions of eclipses of the Sun for each month, related to observations of the culminations of stars and other phenomena [Schaumberger 1955, 244-247, Sp II 202+].		* (5) Predictions of eclipses of the Sun for each month, related to observations of the culminations of stars and other phenomena [Schaumberger 1955<ref>''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 244-247, Sp II 202+].
	Namburbi's series of spells. A spell "against the evil (foreshadowed) by an eclipse of the sun" [CT 41, 23:3; Ebeling 1954, 10-11].		Namburbi's series of spells. A spell "against the evil (foreshadowed) by an eclipse of the sun" [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 41, 23:3; Ebeling 1954<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Beschwörungsserie Namburbi // RA. 1954. Vol. 48, № 1. P. 1-15.</ref>, 10-11].
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 17 August 2025
Line 24:		Line 24:
	* (2) Planets "in the path of the Moon": KASKAL <sup>d</sup>''Sin'' DU-''ku'' <sup>d</sup>UTU DU-''ak'' "the Sun passes (the same path) that the Moon passes" (II i 1).		* (2) Planets "in the path of the Moon": KASKAL <sup>d</sup>''Sin'' DU-''ku'' <sup>d</sup>UTU DU-''ak'' "the Sun passes (the same path) that the Moon passes" (II i 1).
	* (3) First intercalation scheme:		* (3) First intercalation scheme:
	** a) <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina id'' <sup>im</sup>SI.SA<sub>2</sub> KI SAG.DU <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA KUR-''ḫa'' / GUR-''ma ana id'' <sup>im</sup>U<sub>18</sub>.LU u<sub>4</sub>-''mu'' 40 NINDA.TA.AM<sub>3</sub> ''ul-ta-nap-pal'' / UD<sup>meš</sup> LUGUD<sub>2</sub>.DA<sup>meš</sup> GI<sub>6</sub><sup>meš</sup> GID<sub>2</sub>.DA<sup>meš</sup> "The sun, which rises towards the north together with the head of the Lion and turns and moves down towards the south at the rate of 40 NINDA per day. The days are getting shorter and the nights longer" II i 11–13),		** (a) <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina id'' <sup>im</sup>SI.SA<sub>2</sub> KI SAG.DU <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA KUR-''ḫa'' / GUR-''ma ana id'' <sup>im</sup>U<sub>18</sub>.LU u<sub>4</sub>-''mu'' 40 NINDA.TA.AM<sub>3</sub> ''ul-ta-nap-pal'' / UD<sup>meš</sup> LUGUD<sub>2</sub>.DA<sup>meš</sup> GI<sub>6</sub><sup>meš</sup> GID<sub>2</sub>.DA<sup>meš</sup> "The sun, which rises towards the north together with the head of the Lion and turns and moves down towards the south at the rate of 40 NINDA per day. The days are getting shorter and the nights longer" II i 11–13),
	** b) ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>DU<sub>6</sub> UD.15.KAM <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ina lib''<sub>3</sub>-''bi'' <sup>mul</sup>''zi-ba-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''ina'' <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub> KUR-''ḫa'' / ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Sin ina'' IGI MUL.MUL EGIR <sup>mul lú</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub> GUB-''az-ma'' / 3 MA.NA EN.NUN ''u''<sub>4</sub>-''mi'' 3 MA.NA EN.NUN GI<sub>6</sub> "On the 15th day of Tashrit, the Sun rises in Libra in the East, and the Moon faces the Star Cluster behind the Hired Man. 3 mins – the day guard, 3 mins – the night guard" (II i 14–15),		** (b) ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>DU<sub>6</sub> UD.15.KAM <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ina lib''<sub>3</sub>-''bi'' <sup>mul</sup>''zi-ba-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''ina'' <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub> KUR-''ḫa'' / ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Sin ina'' IGI MUL.MUL EGIR <sup>mul lú</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub> GUB-''az-ma'' / 3 MA.NA EN.NUN ''u''<sub>4</sub>-''mi'' 3 MA.NA EN.NUN GI<sub>6</sub> "On the 15th day of Tashrit, the Sun rises in Libra in the East, and the Moon faces the Star Cluster behind the Hired Man. 3 mins – the day guard, 3 mins – the night guard" (II i 14–15),
	** c) <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina id'' <sup>im</sup>U<sub>18</sub>.LU KI SAG.DU <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA KUR-''ḫa'' GUR-''ma ana id'' <sup>im</sup>SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / UD 40 NINDA.TA.AM<sub>3</sub> ''un-da-na-ḫar'' UD<sup>meš</sup> GID<sub>2</sub>.DA<sup>meš</sup> GI<sub>6</sub> LUGUD<sub>2</sub>.DA "The sun, which rises towards the south with the head of the Lion and turns and moves towards the north at the rate of 40 NINDA per day. The days are getting longer, the nights are getting shorter" (II i 17–18),		** (c) <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina id'' <sup>im</sup>U<sub>18</sub>.LU KI SAG.DU <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA KUR-''ḫa'' GUR-''ma ana id'' <sup>im</sup>SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / UD 40 NINDA.TA.AM<sub>3</sub> ''un-da-na-ḫar'' UD<sup>meš</sup> GID<sub>2</sub>.DA<sup>meš</sup> GI<sub>6</sub> LUGUD<sub>2</sub>.DA "The sun, which rises towards the south with the head of the Lion and turns and moves towards the north at the rate of 40 NINDA per day. The days are getting longer, the nights are getting shorter" (II i 17–18),
	** d) ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>BAR<sub>2</sub> UD 15 [KAM] <sup>d</sup>''Sin ina li-la-a-ti ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>''zi-ba-ni-tu''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ina'' <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A / ''ina'' IGI MUL.MUL EGIR <sup>mul</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub> GUB-''ma'' 3 MA.NA EN.NUN ''u''<sub>4</sub>-''mi'' 3 MA.NA EN.NUN GI<sub>6</sub> "On the 15th day of Nisan, the Moon is in Libra in the east and in the evening, and the Sun stands in the west, ahead of the Star Cluster (and) behind the Hired Man. 3 mins – the day guard, 3 mins – the night guard" (II i 19–21),		** (d) ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>BAR<sub>2</sub> UD 15 [KAM] <sup>d</sup>''Sin ina li-la-a-ti ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> / <sup>mul</sup>''zi-ba-ni-tu''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ina'' <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A / ''ina'' IGI MUL.MUL EGIR <sup>mul</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub> GUB-''ma'' 3 MA.NA EN.NUN ''u''<sub>4</sub>-''mi'' 3 MA.NA EN.NUN GI<sub>6</sub> "On the 15th day of Nisan, the Moon is in Libra in the east and in the evening, and the Sun stands in the west, ahead of the Star Cluster (and) behind the Hired Man. 3 mins – the day guard, 3 mins – the night guard" (II i 19–21),
	** e) ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>BAR<sub>2</sub> UD 15 KAM ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ŠU UD 15 KAM ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>DU<sub>6</sub> UD 15 KAM ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>AB UD 15 KAM / KUR<sup>meš</sup> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>UTU NA<sup>meš</sup> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Sin'' IGI.DUḪ.A<sup>meš</sup> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / ŠEŠ-''ar''<sub>2</sub> UD<sup>meš</sup> DIRI<sup>meš</sup> IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> "On the 15th of nisan, 15th of duuzu, 15th of tashrit, and the 15th of tebet, observe the sunrises, the intervals of visibility of the Moon, the appearances of the Arrow, and find how many days are in excess" (II i 22-24), see also (Kurtik k10) [[KAK.SI.SA2\|KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub>]].		** (e) ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>BAR<sub>2</sub> UD 15 KAM ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ŠU UD 15 KAM ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>DU<sub>6</sub> UD 15 KAM ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>AB UD 15 KAM / KUR<sup>meš</sup> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>UTU NA<sup>meš</sup> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Sin'' IGI.DUḪ.A<sup>meš</sup> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub> / ŠEŠ-''ar''<sub>2</sub> UD<sup>meš</sup> DIRI<sup>meš</sup> IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> "On the 15th of nisan, 15th of duuzu, 15th of tashrit, and the 15th of tebet, observe the sunrises, the intervals of visibility of the Moon, the appearances of the Arrow, and find how many days are in excess" (II i 22-24), see also (Kurtik k10) [[KAK.SI.SA2\|KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub>]].
	* (4) Planetary theory: KASKAL <sup>d</sup>UTU "Path of the Sun" (II i 50, 52, 53, 57), apparently the arc of the horizon within which the Sun rises.		* (4) Planetary theory: KASKAL <sup>d</sup>UTU "Path of the Sun" (II i 50, 52, 53, 57), apparently the arc of the horizon within which the Sun rises.
	* (5) The Sun on the paths of Anu, Enlil, and Ea:		* (5) The Sun on the paths of Anu, Enlil, and Ea:
	** a) TA UD 1 KAM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>iti</sup>ŠE EN UD 30 KAM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>iti</sup>GU<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ina'' KASKAL ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' / GUB-''ma zi-qu u'' UD.D[A] "From (the 1st of adar to the 30th of ayar the Sun stands in the path of (the stars of) Anu: wind and stor[m]. "		** (a) TA UD 1 KAM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>iti</sup>ŠE EN UD 30 KAM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>iti</sup>GU<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ina'' KASKAL ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' / GUB-''ma zi-qu u'' UD.D[A] "From (the 1st of adar to the 30th of ayar the Sun stands in the path of (the stars of) Anu: wind and stor[m]. "
	** (b) TA UD 1 KAM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>iti</sup>SIG<sub>4</sub> EN UD 30 KAM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>iti</sup>IZI <sup>d</sup>UTU / ''ina'' KASKAL ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''ma'' BURU<sub>14</sub> ''u u uš-šu'' "From the 1st of siman to the 30th of ab, the Sun stands in the way of (the stars of) Enlil: harvest and heat."		** (b) TA UD 1 KAM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>iti</sup>SIG<sub>4</sub> EN UD 30 KAM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>iti</sup>IZI <sup>d</sup>UTU / ''ina'' KASKAL ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''ma'' BURU<sub>14</sub> ''u u uš-šu'' "From the 1st of siman to the 30th of ab, the Sun stands in the way of (the stars of) Enlil: harvest and heat."
	** (c) [T]A UD 1 KAM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>iti</sup>KIN EN UD 30 KAM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>iti</sup>APIN <sup>d</sup>UTU / ''ina'' KASKAL ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' GUB-''ma zi-qu u'' UD.DA "[O]n the 1st day of ulul to the 30th of arahsamnu, the Sun stands in the path of (the stars of) Anu: wind and storm."		** (c) [T]A UD 1 KAM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>iti</sup>KIN EN UD 30 KAM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>iti</sup>APIN <sup>d</sup>UTU / ''ina'' KASKAL ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' GUB-''ma zi-qu u'' UD.DA "[O]n the 1st day of ulul to the 30th of arahsamnu, the Sun stands in the path of (the stars of) Anu: wind and storm."
Line 66:		Line 66:
	* (4) Predictions according to the culminations of the stars, lunar eclipses, and the positions of the Sun relative to constellations [SpTU III, 102, passim]; see also [SpTU I, 95; SpTU IV, 161].		* (4) Predictions according to the culminations of the stars, lunar eclipses, and the positions of the Sun relative to constellations [SpTU III, 102, passim]; see also [SpTU I, 95; SpTU IV, 161].
	* (5) Predictions of eclipses of the Sun for each month, related to observations of the culminations of stars and other phenomena [Schaumberger 1955, 244-247, Sp II 202+].		* (5) Predictions of eclipses of the Sun for each month, related to observations of the culminations of stars and other phenomena [Schaumberger 1955, 244-247, Sp II 202+].
	* Namburbi's series of spells. A spell "against the evil (foreshadowed) by an eclipse of the sun" [CT 41, 23:3; Ebeling 1954, 10-11].		Namburbi's series of spells. A spell "against the evil (foreshadowed) by an eclipse of the sun" [CT 41, 23:3; Ebeling 1954, 10-11].
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}