User:KhalidAlAjaji/sandbox - Revision history

KhalidAlAjaji at 02:40, 1 June 2026

2026-06-01T02:40:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:40, 1 June 2026
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	'''English:''' ''al-Khibā' al-Shaāmī''		'''English:''' ''al-Khibā' al-Shaāmī''

	'''IPA:''' /al.xɪ.~~baːʔ~~/		'''IPA:''' /al.xɪ.baːʔuʃ.ʃʔaː.miː/

	'''Alkhiba''' (Arabic: الخباء, "the small tent") is an area or an asterism of four stars forming a quadrilateral shape in the northern sky. The name is reported by astronomers, ''anwāʾ'', and lexicon authors of the 9th and 10th century.		'''Alkhiba''' (Arabic: الخباء, "the small tent") is an area or an asterism of four stars forming a quadrilateral shape in the northern sky. The name is reported by astronomers, ''anwāʾ'', and lexicon authors of the 9th and 10th century.

KhalidAlAjaji: Added star chart for al-Marzuqi discription of al-Khiba, and copyright statements.

2026-06-01T01:13:53Z

Added star chart for al-Marzuqi discription of al-Khiba, and copyright statements.

KhalidAlAjaji at 17:20, 31 May 2026

2026-05-31T17:20:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:20, 31 May 2026
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	File:Northern Khiba al-Marzuqi.jpg\|Al-Ḫibāʾ as described by al-Marzūqī.		File:Northern Khiba al-Marzuqi.jpg\|Al-Ḫibāʾ as described by al-Marzūqī.
	</gallery>		</gallery>
	==== Summary of stars identification ====
			===== Summary of stars identification =====
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+
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	\|}		\|}

	==== ~~Adopted~~ identification ====		===== Recommended identification =====
	Based on the concordance of star positions and the historical descriptions, al-Marzūqī account is adopted for '''al-Ḫibāʾ in Hercules (Northern Tent)''' as the preferred identification. ~~In this article,~~ ''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'' denotes the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her, corresponding to the Hercules Keystone~~, and is distinguished from ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' in Corvus~~.		Based on the concordance of star positions and the historical descriptions, al-Marzūqī account is adopted for '''al-Ḫibāʾ in Hercules (Northern Tent)''' as the preferred identification. A''l-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'' denotes the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her, corresponding to the Hercules Keystone.

	==== Roland Laffitte ====		==== Roland Laffitte ====

KhalidAlAjaji at 17:11, 31 May 2026

2026-05-31T17:11:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:11, 31 May 2026
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	'''Terminology'''		'''Terminology'''

	The name appeared in historical resources as Alkhiba (Arabic: الخباء, the Tent) without any specifier, but to avoid confusion with the Corvus asterism also known as [[Alkhiba]] and the star α Crv named [[Alchiba]], this encyclopedia refers to the Hercules asterism as “Northern Tent” (Arabic: الخباء الشآمي, al‑Ḫibāʾ ash‑Šāmī), while reserving “Southern Tent” (الخباء اليماني) for the Corvus asterism following the name reported by Ibn Qutayba ([[User:KhalidAlAjaji/sandbox#Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)\|See below]]).		The name appeared in historical resources as Alkhiba (Arabic: الخباء, the Tent) without any specifier, but to avoid confusion with the Corvus asterism also known as ''[[Alkhiba]]'' and the star α Crv named ''[[Alchiba]]'', this encyclopedia refers to the Hercules asterism as “Northern Tent” (Arabic: الخباء الشآمي, al‑Ḫibāʾ ash‑Šāmī), while reserving “Southern Tent” (الخباء اليماني) for the Corvus asterism following the name reported by Ibn Qutayba ([[User:KhalidAlAjaji/sandbox#Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)\|See below]]).

	'''Headword (Arabic):''' الْخِبَاء الشَّآمِي		'''Headword (Arabic):''' الْخِبَاء الشَّآمِي
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	'''Transliteration:''' ''al-Ḫibāʾ''		'''Transliteration:''' ''al-Ḫibāʾ''

	'''English:''' ''al-Khibā' al-~~Shamī~~''		'''English:''' ''al-Khibā' al-Shaāmī''

	'''IPA:''' /al.xɪ.baːʔ/		'''IPA:''' /al.xɪ.baːʔ/

KhalidAlAjaji at 17:08, 31 May 2026

2026-05-31T17:08:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:08, 31 May 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE: ''al-Khibā' al-~~Shamī~~'', ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-~~Šamī~~'' (الْخِبَاء الشَّآمِي)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: ''al-Khibā' al-Shaāmī'', ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Šaāmī'' (الْخِبَاء الشَّآمِي)}}

	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	''This page is about Alkhiba as an asterism in the northern sky, corresponding to the so‑called Northern Tent (الخباء الشآمي). For the similarly named asterism in Corvus, see [[~~الخباء اليماني~~]] (Southern Tent).''		''This page is about Alkhiba as an asterism in the northern sky, corresponding to the so‑called Northern Tent (الخباء الشآمي). For the similarly named asterism in Corvus, see [[Alkhiba alyamani]] (Southern Tent). For a star with a similar name meaning, see [[Alchiba]] (the Tent).''

	'''Terminology'''		'''Terminology'''

	To avoid confusion with the Corvus asterism also known as Alkhiba, this encyclopedia refers to the Hercules asterism as “Northern Tent” (Arabic: الخباء الشآمي, al‑Ḫibāʾ ash‑Šāmī), while reserving “Southern Tent” (الخباء اليماني) for the Corvus asterism following the name reported by Ibn Qutayba ([[User:KhalidAlAjaji/sandbox#Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)\|See below]]).		The name appeared in historical resources as Alkhiba (Arabic: الخباء, the Tent) without any specifier, but to avoid confusion with the Corvus asterism also known as [[Alkhiba]] and the star α Crv named [[Alchiba]], this encyclopedia refers to the Hercules asterism as “Northern Tent” (Arabic: الخباء الشآمي, al‑Ḫibāʾ ash‑Šāmī), while reserving “Southern Tent” (الخباء اليماني) for the Corvus asterism following the name reported by Ibn Qutayba ([[User:KhalidAlAjaji/sandbox#Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)\|See below]]).

	'''Headword (Arabic):''' الْخِبَاء الشَّآمِي		'''Headword (Arabic):''' الْخِبَاء الشَّآمِي
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	\|+		\|+
	\|-		\|-
	! ~~Author~~ !! Identification !! Comment		! Source!! Identification !! Comment
	\|-		\|-
	\| Ibn Qutayba \|\| The quadrilateral formed by 15 Lyn, δ Aur, and α, β Cam \|\| This is the closest match of the description, but the asterism stars are not prominent.		\| Ibn Qutayba \|\| The quadrilateral formed by 15 Lyn, δ Aur, and α, β Cam \|\| This is the closest match of the description, but with some uncertainty as the asterism stars are not prominent.
	\|-		\|-
	\| Al-Ṣūfī \|\| A region of the sky surrounded by Auriga, along with the head of the Great Bear, Polaris, and Cassiopeia, including the two stars δ and ξ Aur. \|\| A region with no bright stars, ~~and~~ no prominent asterism resembling a ~~khiba~~.		\| Al-Ṣūfī \|\| A region of the sky surrounded by Auriga, along with the head of the Great Bear, Polaris, and Cassiopeia, including the two stars δ and ξ Aur. \|\| A region with no bright stars, but no prominent asterism or group of stars resembling a tent could be identified.
	\|-		\|-
	\| Al-Marzūqī \|\| ζ, ε, π, η Her \|\| Definitive identification from a clear description		\| Al-Marzūqī \|\| ζ, ε, π, η Her \|\| Definitive identification from a clear description

KhalidAlAjaji at 15:50, 31 May 2026

2026-05-31T15:50:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:50, 31 May 2026
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	===== Concordance =====		===== Concordance =====
	''Alkhiba'' is an asterism of the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her corresponding exactly to the stars of the Hercules Keystone. It should not be confused with another similar asterism carrying the same name in the constellation Corvus, formed by γ, ε, β, δ, distinguished by Ibn Qutayba as the ''Southern Tent'' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī''). Therefore, it is recommended to refer to the asterism in Hercules as the ''Northern Tent'' (Arabic: الخباء الشآمي, ''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'').		''Alkhiba'' is an asterism of the quadrilateral ζ, ε, π, η Her corresponding exactly to the stars of the Hercules Keystone.

	===== History =====		===== History =====

KhalidAlAjaji: added page numbers to references and organize reference Arabic and English text

2026-05-31T15:37:34Z

added page numbers to references and organize reference Arabic and English text

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:37, 31 May 2026
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	File:Khiba ai generated.png\|Arabian Khiba tent. image inspired by [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/pnp/matpc/01100/01108v.jpg a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress].		File:Khiba ai generated.png\|Arabian Khiba tent. image inspired by [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/pnp/matpc/01100/01108v.jpg a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress].
	</gallery>		</gallery>
	The other is ''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' (سعد الأَخْبِيَة), an asterism of four stars in Aquarius: three form a triangle, which is ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (the tent), and the fourth star inside the triangle is ''Saʿd'' (a man inside the tent). This description is given by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Al-Ṣūfī said:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021, pg 619.]<br />		The other is ''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' (سعد الأَخْبِيَة), an asterism of four stars in Aquarius: three form a triangle, which is ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (the tent), and the fourth star inside the triangle is ''Saʿd'' (a man inside the tent). This description is given by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Al-Ṣūfī said:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr <span dir="rtl">كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي، ص 619.</span><br>]
			[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021, pg 619.]
	[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr <span dir="rtl">كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي، ص 619.</span></blockquote>]		</blockquote>
	</ref>		</ref>

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	====== Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889) ======		====== Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889) ======
	The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') reads:<ref>أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري (توفي 276 هـ)، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ، ص 67.<br />		The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') reads:<ref><span dir="rtl">أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري (توفي 276 هـ)، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ، ص 67.</span><br />
	Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, pg 67.</ref>		Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, pg 67.</ref>

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	====== Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986) ======		====== Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986) ======
	The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') reads:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021~~]]<br>~~		The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') reads:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr <span dir="rtl">كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي، ص 247.</span><br>]
			[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021, pg 247.]</ref>
	~~[https://drive.google~~.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي]
	</ref>

	;Original Arabic		;Original Arabic
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	====== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ======		====== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ======
	The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') on the authority of Ibn al-Aʿrabī (d. 230 H / 845) reads:<ref>Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon)~~<br>~~		The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') on the authority of Ibn al-Aʿrabī (d. 230 H / 845) reads:<ref><span dir="rtl">الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 هـ، الجزء الثاني، ص 345.</span><br>
			Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon), vol 2, pg 345.
	الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 هـ.
	</ref>		</ref>

KhalidAlAjaji at 14:30, 31 May 2026

2026-05-31T14:30:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:30, 31 May 2026
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	====== Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889) ======		====== Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889) ======
	The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') reads:<ref>أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري (توفي 276 هـ)، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ<br>		The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') reads:<ref>أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري (توفي 276 هـ)، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ، ص 67.<br />
	Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref>		Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, pg 67.</ref>

	;Original Arabic		;Original Arabic

KhalidAlAjaji: removed {{Distinguish|الخباء الشآمي}} template

2026-05-31T14:27:10Z

removed {{Distinguish|الخباء الشآمي}} template

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:27, 31 May 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	~~{{Distinguish\|الخباء اليماني}}~~
	''This page is about Alkhiba as an asterism in the northern sky, corresponding to the so‑called Northern Tent (الخباء الشآمي). For the similarly named asterism in Corvus, see [[الخباء اليماني]] (Southern Tent).''		''This page is about Alkhiba as an asterism in the northern sky, corresponding to the so‑called Northern Tent (الخباء الشآمي). For the similarly named asterism in Corvus, see [[الخباء اليماني]] (Southern Tent).''

	'''Terminology'''		'''Terminology'''

	To avoid confusion with the Corvus asterism also known as Alkhiba, this encyclopedia refers to the Hercules asterism as “Northern Tent” (Arabic: الخباء الشآمي, al‑Ḫibāʾ ash‑Šāmī), while reserving “Southern Tent” (الخباء اليماني) for the Corvus asterism following the name reported by Ibn Qutayba (See below).		To avoid confusion with the Corvus asterism also known as Alkhiba, this encyclopedia refers to the Hercules asterism as “Northern Tent” (Arabic: الخباء الشآمي, al‑Ḫibāʾ ash‑Šāmī), while reserving “Southern Tent” (الخباء اليماني) for the Corvus asterism following the name reported by Ibn Qutayba ([[User:KhalidAlAjaji/sandbox#Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)\|See below]]).

	'''Headword (Arabic):''' الْخِبَاء الشَّآمِي		'''Headword (Arabic):''' الْخِبَاء الشَّآمِي
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	</gallery>		</gallery>

	===== Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986) =====		====== Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986) ======
	The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') reads:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021]]<br>		The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') reads:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021]]<br>

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	</gallery>		</gallery>

	===== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) =====		====== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ======
	The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') on the authority of Ibn al-Aʿrabī (d. 230 H / 845) reads:<ref>Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon)<br>		The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') on the authority of Ibn al-Aʿrabī (d. 230 H / 845) reads:<ref>Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon)<br>

KhalidAlAjaji at 12:35, 31 May 2026

2026-05-31T12:35:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:35, 31 May 2026
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	File:Khiba ai generated.png\|Arabian Khiba tent. image inspired by [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/pnp/matpc/01100/01108v.jpg a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress].		File:Khiba ai generated.png\|Arabian Khiba tent. image inspired by [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/pnp/matpc/01100/01108v.jpg a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress].
	</gallery>		</gallery>
	The other is ''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' (سعد الأَخْبِيَة), an asterism of four stars in Aquarius: three form a triangle, which is ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (the tent), and the fourth star inside the triangle is ''Saʿd'' (a man inside the tent). This description is given by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Al-Ṣūfī said:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021]<br>		The other is ''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' (سعد الأَخْبِيَة), an asterism of four stars in Aquarius: three form a triangle, which is ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (the tent), and the fourth star inside the triangle is ''Saʿd'' (a man inside the tent). This description is given by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Al-Ṣūfī said:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021, pg 619.]<br />

	[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله ~~العجاجي~~]		[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr <span dir="rtl">كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي، ص 619.</span></blockquote>]
	</ref>		</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:13, 1 June 2026
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	To understand how the Arabs imagined ''al-Ḫibāʾ'', we can look at two well defined ''Ḫibāʾ'' asterisms at our disposal. The first is ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, "the Southern Tent"), which corresponds to an asterism of four quadrilateral stars γ, ε, β, δ in Corvus.		To understand how the Arabs imagined ''al-Ḫibāʾ'', we can look at two well defined ''Ḫibāʾ'' asterisms at our disposal. The first is ''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānī'' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, "the Southern Tent"), which corresponds to an asterism of four quadrilateral stars γ, ε, β, δ in Corvus.
	<gallery widths="360" heights="360">		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
	File:Southern Tent.jpg\|Southern Tent (الخباء اليماني), alḪibāʾ alYamānī in Corvus.		File:Southern Tent.jpg\|Southern Tent (الخباء اليماني), alḪibāʾ alYamānī in Corvus. Image produced by Stellarium. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).
	File:Khiba ai generated.png\|Arabian Khiba tent. image inspired by [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/pnp/matpc/01100/01108v.jpg a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress].		File:Khiba ai generated.png\|Arabian Khiba tent. image inspired by [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/pnp/matpc/01100/01108v.jpg a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress]. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).
	</gallery>		</gallery>
	The other is ''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' (سعد الأَخْبِيَة), an asterism of four stars in Aquarius: three form a triangle, which is ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (the tent), and the fourth star inside the triangle is ''Saʿd'' (a man inside the tent). This description is given by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Al-Ṣūfī said:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr <span dir="rtl">كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي، ص 619.</span><br>]		The other is ''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' (سعد الأَخْبِيَة), an asterism of four stars in Aquarius: three form a triangle, which is ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (the tent), and the fourth star inside the triangle is ''Saʿd'' (a man inside the tent). This description is given by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Al-Ṣūfī said:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr <span dir="rtl">كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي، ص 619.</span><br>]
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	<blockquote>''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' ("Saad of the Tents"), the twenty-fifth of the lunar stations, was given this name because it consists of four stars: three form a triangle, and one lies at the center of that triangle — the eleventh star of Aquarius. They considered the central one ''Saʿd'', and the three surrounding it like the tent that shelters Saʿd.</blockquote>		<blockquote>''Saʿd al-Aḫbiya'' ("Saad of the Tents"), the twenty-fifth of the lunar stations, was given this name because it consists of four stars: three form a triangle, and one lies at the center of that triangle — the eleventh star of Aquarius. They considered the central one ''Saʿd'', and the three surrounding it like the tent that shelters Saʿd.</blockquote>
	<gallery widths="360" heights="360">		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
	File:Saad alakhbiya.jpg\|Saʿd al-AḪbiya, in Aquarius.		File:Saad alakhbiya.jpg\|Saʿd al-AḪbiya, in Aquarius. Image produced by Stellarium. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).
	File:Khiba-triangular ai generated.png\|Arabian Khiba tent supported by one pole. image inspired by [https://www.loc.gov/resource/matpc.04679/ a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress]		File:Khiba-triangular ai generated.png\|Arabian Khiba tent supported by one pole. image inspired by [https://www.loc.gov/resource/matpc.04679/ a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress]. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).
	</gallery>		</gallery>

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	It appears that ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاءُ), as described by Ibn Qutayba, denotes a quadrilateral configuration of four stars, reflecting the form of the southern tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānīyah'', الخِبَاءِ اليَمَانِيَّةِ). Two such arrangements meet this criterion: one located beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its rising, and another beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its setting. The first consists of the four stars of the Big Dipper, which may be discounted since these are well known stars, and Ibn Qutayba would likely have acknowledged this alternate designation. The other candidate is the quadrilateral formed by 15 Lyn, δ Aur, and α, β Cam.		It appears that ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاءُ), as described by Ibn Qutayba, denotes a quadrilateral configuration of four stars, reflecting the form of the southern tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ al-Yamānīyah'', الخِبَاءِ اليَمَانِيَّةِ). Two such arrangements meet this criterion: one located beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its rising, and another beneath ''al-Ḥawḍ'' at its setting. The first consists of the four stars of the Big Dipper, which may be discounted since these are well known stars, and Ibn Qutayba would likely have acknowledged this alternate designation. The other candidate is the quadrilateral formed by 15 Lyn, δ Aur, and α, β Cam.
	<gallery widths="360" heights="360">		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
	File:Northern Khiba ibn Qutayba.jpg\|Al-Ḫibāʾ as described by ibn Qutayba.		File:Northern Khiba ibn Qutayba.jpg\|Al-Ḫibāʾ as described by ibn Qutayba. Image produced by Stellarium. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).
	</gallery>		</gallery>

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	It is evident from the description that ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاء) refers to a region of the sky encompassing numerous stars, including the two on the head of Auriga, δ and ξ Aur. Restricting the definition to only a specific number of stars does not align with the account given by al-Ṣūfī.		It is evident from the description that ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاء) refers to a region of the sky encompassing numerous stars, including the two on the head of Auriga, δ and ξ Aur. Restricting the definition to only a specific number of stars does not align with the account given by al-Ṣūfī.
	<gallery widths="360" heights="360">		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
	File:Northern Khiba al-sufi.jpg\|Al-Ḫibāʾ region as described by al-Ṣūfī.		File:Northern Khiba al-sufi.jpg\|Al-Ḫibāʾ region as described by al-Ṣūfī. Image produced by Stellarium. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).
	</gallery>		</gallery>

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	Al-Marzūqī places ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' in spatial relation below ''al-Ḍibāʿ''. From the text we can easily find a quadrilateral shape with relatively bright stars as described in the region of the constellation Hercules. The location of this tent fits nicely with the nearby shepherd with his goats and two dogs in the middle of a desert pasture. Notably, his description is clearer than those of Ibn Qutayba and al-Ṣūfī and corresponds well with the arrangement of stars in the night sky. According to his narrative, ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' refers to the four stars ζ, ε, π, η Her.		Al-Marzūqī places ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' in spatial relation below ''al-Ḍibāʿ''. From the text we can easily find a quadrilateral shape with relatively bright stars as described in the region of the constellation Hercules. The location of this tent fits nicely with the nearby shepherd with his goats and two dogs in the middle of a desert pasture. Notably, his description is clearer than those of Ibn Qutayba and al-Ṣūfī and corresponds well with the arrangement of stars in the night sky. According to his narrative, ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' refers to the four stars ζ, ε, π, η Her.
	<gallery widths="360" heights="360">		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
	File:Northern Khiba al-Marzuqi.jpg\|Al-Ḫibāʾ as described by al-Marzūqī.		File:Northern Khiba al-Marzuqi.jpg\|Al-Ḫibāʾ as described by al-Marzūqī. Image produced by Stellarium. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).
			File:01S alKhibaAlshami.png\|Star chart of the Arabian asterism al-Khiba al-shami (الخباء الشآمي) as described by al-Marzūqī in the area of Hercules constellation. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).
	</gallery>		</gallery>