Virgo - Revision history

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-26T15:16:29Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:16, 26 August 2026
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	===== Eratosthenes =====		===== Eratosthenes =====
	Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 28-30)<blockquote>'''Var. 1:''' Hesiod states in the Theogony that she is the daughter of Zeus and Themis, and that her name is “Dike”. Aratus, drawing on Hesiod’s account, recounts that in ancient times, although she was immortal, she lived on earth amongst mortals. She did not allow herself to be seen by men and lived amongst women; and the latter called her “Dike”. There are, moreover, a great many conflicting traditions concerning her: one identifies her with Demeter, another with Isis, another with Tyche (Fortune) — and for this reason she is depicted without a head.</blockquote><blockquote>The Virgin has a dim star on her head, two on each wing, one on each elbow, six on the hem of her robe, and one on each foot.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2:''' Hesiod recounts in the Theogony that she is the daughter of Zeus and Themis, and that her name is “Dike” (Justice). Aratus, drawing on Hesiod’s account, tells us that in ancient times, although she was immortal, she lived on earth amongst mortals, and that they called her “Dike”. But when humanity fell into decay and no longer observed justice, she ceased to live amongst them and withdrew to the mountains. Then, when men were plunged into internal strife and wars, she turned away from them, horrified by their total lack of justice, and ascended to heaven. There are, moreover, a great many divergent traditions concerning her: one identifies her with Demeter (because of the ear of corn she holds), another with Isis, another with Atargatis, another with Tyche (Fortune), and for this reason she is depicted without a head. </blockquote><blockquote>The Virgin has a dim star on her head, one on each shoulder, two on each wing—the star on the right wing (on the shoulder and at the tip of the wing) is called “Protrygeter” (the Herald of the Harvest) — one on each elbow, one on each hand (the bright one on the left hand is called “the Ear of Corn”), six dull ones on the hem of her robe, and one on each foot. Nineteen in all.</blockquote>		Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 28-30)<blockquote>'''Var. 1:''' Hesiod states in the Theogony that she is the daughter of Zeus and Themis, and that her name is “Dike”. Aratus, drawing on Hesiod’s account, recounts that in ancient times, although she was immortal, she lived on earth amongst mortals. She did not allow herself to be seen by men and lived amongst women; and the latter called her “Dike”. There are, moreover, a great many conflicting traditions concerning her: one identifies her with Demeter, another with Isis, another with Tyche (Fortune) — and for this reason she is depicted without a head.</blockquote><blockquote>The Virgin has a dim star on her head, two on each wing, one on each elbow, six on the hem of her robe, and one on each foot.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2:''' Hesiod recounts in the Theogony that she is the daughter of Zeus and Themis, and that her name is “Dike” (Justice). Aratus, drawing on Hesiod’s account, tells us that in ancient times, although she was immortal, she lived on earth amongst mortals, and that they called her “Dike”. But when humanity fell into decay and no longer observed justice, she ceased to live amongst them and withdrew to the mountains. Then, when men were plunged into internal strife and wars, she turned away from them, horrified by their total lack of justice, and ascended to heaven. There are, moreover, a great many divergent traditions concerning her: one identifies her with Demeter (because of the ear of corn she holds), another with Isis, another with Atargatis, another with Tyche (Fortune), and for this reason she is depicted without a head. </blockquote><blockquote>The Virgin has a dim star on her head, one on each shoulder, two on each wing—the star on the right wing (on the shoulder and at the tip of the wing) is called “Protrygeter” (the Herald of the Harvest) — one on each elbow, one on each hand (the bright one on the left hand is called “the Ear of Corn”), six dull ones on the hem of her robe, and one on each foot. Nineteen in all.</blockquote>'''Eratosthenes's star catalogue''' can be reconstructed from the list of stars he mentions in the last section of each of the constelllation descriptions. Hoffmann (2017)<ref name=":02">Hoffmann, S. M., <nowiki><i>Hipparchs Himmelsglobus</i></nowiki>. Springer Wiesbaden/ New York, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8.</ref> made such a catalogue and used it for computational comparison with Hipparchus's, Ptolemy's and Babylonian data; it is based on the edition and translation by Pamias and Geus (2007)<ref>Eratosthenes: Sternsagen, übersetzt von Pamìas, Jordi und Geus, Klaus, Verlag Utopica, Oberhaid 2007</ref> and presented here in English translation.

	{\|class="wikitable"		{\|class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+

Sushoff: /* Stars Mentioned */

2026-08-26T14:19:19Z

Stars Mentioned

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Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-24T20:02:50Z

Eratosthenes

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:02, 24 August 2026
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	\|132		\|132
	\|6		\|6
	\|the one sitting on the right wing, between the shoulder and the wingtip, is called Protrygeter		\|the one sitting on the right wing, between the shoulder and the wingtip, is called Protrygeter [Latin: [[Vindemiatrix]]]
	\|eps Vir		\|eps Vir
	\|63608		\|63608
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	\|136		\|136
	\|10		\|10
	\|one on the end of each hand, the bright star on the left is called Stachys		\|one on the end of each hand, the bright star on the left is called Stachys [Latin: [[Spica]]]
	\|alpha Vir		\|alpha Vir
	\|65474		\|65474

Sushoff: /* Eratosthenes */

2026-08-24T19:59:31Z

Eratosthenes

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Sushoff: /* Egyptian */

2026-08-04T17:56:48Z

Egyptian

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:56, 4 August 2026
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	In Ptolemaic times (1st century BCE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>		In Ptolemaic times (1st century BCE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>
	File:Vir2 DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Virgo; rectangular zodiac of Dendera		File:Vir2 DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Virgo; rectangular zodiac of Dendera
			File:Vir+Crv DenderaCirc Louvre.JPG\|Virgo, circular zodiac of Dendera (CC BY [https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010028871 Musée du Louvre, Département des Antiquités égyptiennes])
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Sushoff: /* Egyptian */

2026-08-04T11:37:30Z

Egyptian

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:37, 4 August 2026
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	===== Egyptian =====		===== Egyptian =====
	In Ptolemaic times (1st century CE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>		In Ptolemaic times (1st century BCE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>
	File:Vir2 DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Virgo; rectangular zodiac of Dendera		File:Vir2 DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Virgo; rectangular zodiac of Dendera
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Sushoff at 11:12, 4 August 2026

2026-08-04T11:12:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:12, 4 August 2026
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	Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Virgo (vir).~~tiff~~\|thumb\|Virgo as defined in the 1920s. IAU and Sky & Telescope]]		[[File:Virgo (vir).jpg\|thumb\|Virgo as defined in the 1920s. IAU and Sky & Telescope]]
	{{Infobox constellation		{{Infobox constellation
	\| name = Παρθένος (Parthenos)		\| name = Παρθένος (Parthenos)
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	==== Greco-Roman ====		==== Greco-Roman ====

			===== Egyptian =====
			In Ptolemaic times (1st century CE), when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, new Egyptian temples were built in Esna and Dendera (south and north of Thebes/ Luxor). They display a cultural mixture of Babylonian and Egyptian constellations.<gallery>
			File:Vir2 DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Virgo; rectangular zodiac of Dendera
			</gallery>

	===== Aratos =====		===== Aratos =====
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	File:Leo+hyaCrv+vir seleucid.jpg\|Leo+Hya+Vir drawings of VAT7847+AO6884 on Stellarium map		File:Leo+hyaCrv+vir seleucid.jpg\|Leo+Hya+Vir drawings of VAT7847+AO6884 on Stellarium map
	File:Papke Vir.jpg\|Drawing of the Babylonian version of the Maiden constellation by Papke (1987)		File:Papke Vir.jpg\|Drawing of the Babylonian version of the Maiden constellation by Papke (1987)
			File:Vir2 DenderaEckig GZotti.JPG\|Virgo; rectangular zodiac of Dendera
	File:Leo+Vir dendera stellarium2022.jpg\|Leo and Vir above Hydra on the circular Dendera Zodiac, mapped to Stellarium		File:Leo+Vir dendera stellarium2022.jpg\|Leo and Vir above Hydra on the circular Dendera Zodiac, mapped to Stellarium
	File:Kugel cnc+leo+hya+vir.JPG\|Cancer, Leo, Virgo above Hydra on Greek Kugel Globe (1st century)		File:Kugel cnc+leo+hya+vir.JPG\|Cancer, Leo, Virgo above Hydra on Greek Kugel Globe (1st century)

Sushoff at 08:11, 29 July 2026

2026-07-29T08:11:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:11, 29 July 2026
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	While Artemis is the mistress of the female initiation rite, commemorated in the constellation [[Ursa Major]], Demeter is the mistress of the male initiation rite of Eleusis near Athens. The season of spring, when both constellations are visible in the sky throughout the night, may have been the archaic reason for these figures. Demeter could also be identified with the Babylonian goddess Shala, whose iconography features an ear of grain.[[File:Leo+vir umzeichng4plani black.png\|thumb\|Leo and Virgo above the MUŠ-Dragon, two claytablet drawings from the Seleucid era (roughly 2nd century BCE), CC BY SMH based upon the drawings by E. Weidner (1967) and Thureau-Dangin (1922).]]		While Artemis is the mistress of the female initiation rite, commemorated in the constellation [[Ursa Major]], Demeter is the mistress of the male initiation rite of Eleusis near Athens. The season of spring, when both constellations are visible in the sky throughout the night, may have been the archaic reason for these figures. Demeter could also be identified with the Babylonian goddess Shala, whose iconography features an ear of grain.[[File:Leo+vir umzeichng4plani black.png\|thumb\|Leo and Virgo above the MUŠ-Dragon, two claytablet drawings from the Seleucid era (roughly 2nd century BCE), CC BY SMH based upon the drawings by E. Weidner (1967) and Thureau-Dangin (1922).]]
	[[File:Kugel cnc+leo+hya+vir.JPG\|thumb\|[[Kugel Globe]]: [[Cancer]], [[Leo]], [[Hydra]], [[Virgo]] (drawing by SMH 2024)]]		[[File:Kugel cnc+leo+hya+vir.JPG\|thumb\|[[Kugel Globe]]: [[Cancer]], [[Leo]], [[Hydra]], [[Virgo]] (drawing by SMH 2024)<ref>Hoffmann (2025), Some Results on the Ancient Globes, Globe Studies – The Journal of the International Coronelli Society, 69, 4169.</ref>, cf WGSN 2025<ref>Susanne M. Hoffmann,* Khalid AlAjaji, B.S. Shylaja, Yang Boshun, Danielle Adams, Eric Mamajek, Ian Ridpath, Paul Baki, Juan Antonio Belmonte Avilés, Sze-Leung Cheung, Daniel Cunnama, Jörg Matthias Determann, M. Sadegh Faghanpour, Steven Gullberg, Duane Hamacher, Roland Laffitte, Alejandro M. López, Javier Mejuto, Thierry Montmerle, Clive Ruggles, Shi Yunli, Doris Vickers, Sun Xiaochun, and Hitoshi Yamaoka (2025). The IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN): '''Research Finds in 2025'''. ''Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage'', 28(4), 1026–1038 (2025).</ref>]]

	==== Babylonian ====		==== Babylonian ====

Sushoff at 08:09, 29 July 2026

2026-07-29T08:09:40Z

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
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 [[File:Virgo (vir).tiff|thumb|Virgo as defined in the 1920s. IAU and Sky & Telescope]]
 Virgo, The Maiden, is a constellation in the zodiac. It is documented since the 4th century BCE (at least). Prior to this, there had been the constellation of The Furrow at this place.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref> The young lady is a goddess, that much is certain – but which one, the Greeks disagree. Eratosthenes lists a total of five suggestions as to who she might be!
@@ Line 15: / Line 40: @@
 While Artemis is the mistress of the female initiation rite, commemorated in the constellation [[Ursa Major]], Demeter is the mistress of the male initiation rite of Eleusis near Athens. The season of spring, when both constellations are visible in the sky throughout the night, may have been the archaic reason for these figures. Demeter could also be identified with the Babylonian goddess Shala, whose iconography features an ear of grain.[[File:Leo+vir umzeichng4plani black.png|thumb|Leo and Virgo above the MUŠ-Dragon, two claytablet drawings from the Seleucid era (roughly 2nd century BCE), CC BY SMH based upon the drawings by E. Weidner (1967) and Thureau-Dangin (1922).]]
-[[File:Kugel cnc+leo+hya+vir.JPG|thumb|Kugel Globe: Cancer, Leo, Hydra, Virgo (drawing by SMH 2024)]]
+[[File:Kugel cnc+leo+hya+vir.JPG|thumb|[[Kugel Globe]]: [[Cancer]], [[Leo]], [[Hydra]], [[Virgo]] (drawing by SMH 2024)]]
 ==== Babylonian ====

IanRidpath: Inserted missing ID numbers

2026-07-24T17:16:20Z

Inserted missing ID numbers

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