Zhou - Revision history

YoulaAzkarrula at 11:37, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T11:37:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:37, 29 May 2026
Line 93:		Line 93:

	[[References (Chinese)]]		[[References (Chinese)]]
	[[Category:Asterism]][[Category:East Asian]][[Category:Chinese]]		[[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:East Asian]][[Category:Chinese]]
	[[Category:single star-asterism]]		[[Category:single star-asterism]]
	[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]		[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]
	[[Category:Ser]]		[[Category:Ser]]

IanRidpath: /* IAU Star Name */ Copyedit

2026-02-23T10:20:57Z

IAU Star Name: Copyedit

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:20, 23 February 2026
Line 12:		Line 12:

	=== Explanation of the Name ===		=== Explanation of the Name ===
	The name "Zhou [周]" comes from the Zhou Dynasty (1046 ~~BCE - 256~~ BCE), which established a powerful state after overthrowing the Shang dynasty and enfeoffed many vassals. However, after the fall of the Western Zhou (1046 BCE - 771 BCE), the Eastern Zhou (770 ~~BCE - 256~~ BCE) moved the capital to Luoyang, and their power gradually declined. The vassals grew stronger and no longer recognized the Zhou's authority, declaring themselves kings and reducing Zhou's territory to a small area. Thus, in the Tianshiyuan, Zhou did not hold a transcendent position but was on par with other regional vassal states.		The name "Zhou [周]" comes from the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE–256 BCE), which established a powerful state after overthrowing the Shang dynasty and enfeoffed many vassals. However, after the fall of the Western Zhou (1046 BCE - 771 BCE), the Eastern Zhou (770 BCE–256 BCE) moved the capital to Luoyang, and their power gradually declined. The vassals grew stronger and no longer recognized the Zhou's authority, declaring themselves kings and reducing Zhou's territory to a small area. Thus, in the Tianshiyuan, Zhou did not hold a transcendent position but was on par with other regional vassal states.

	An alternative explanation for the star name "Zhou" would be a location within the super-constellation of Tianshi, The Celestial Marketplace (instead of a dynasty). Many other stars in Tianshi refer to specific places, e.g. the "Wei" could refer to the territory used to belong to the Wei kingdom, and the star names Nanhai and Hejian are place names instead of vassals. Hence, Tianshi consists of stars related to merchants from different places, so "Zhou" can be interpreted as a place name, too.		An alternative explanation for the star name "Zhou" would be a location within the super-constellation of Tianshi, The Celestial Marketplace (instead of a dynasty). Many other stars in Tianshi refer to specific places, e.g. the "Wei" could refer to the territory used to belong to the Wei kingdom, and the star names Nanhai and Hejian are place names instead of vassals. Hence, Tianshi consists of stars related to merchants from different places, so "Zhou" can be interpreted as a place name, too.
Line 26:		Line 26:

	=== Constellation & Star Name ===		=== Constellation & Star Name ===
	Since the Han dynasty, the number of stars in the Tianshi (Celestial Market) ~~were~~ fixed at 22, with each star representing a different state or region. The names of these states mostly originated from the Spring and Autumn（770 ~~BCE - 476~~ BCE) and Warring States (475 ~~BCE - 221~~ BCE) periods.		Since the Han dynasty, the number of stars in the Tianshi (Celestial Market) was fixed at 22, with each star representing a different state or region. The names of these states mostly originated from the Spring and Autumn（770 BCE–476 BCE) and Warring States (475 BCE–221 BCE) periods.

	The Tianshi-constellation consisting of 22 stars was formed at the Western Han (202 BCE - 8 CE) period, with star names changing before the Tang dynasty. Ever since the establishment of the Tianshi constellation, the star name "Zhou" (identified as β Ser) has always been one of the stars in the Celestial Marketplace. For approximately 2000 years, this star name is unchanged.		The Tianshi constellation consisting of 22 stars was formed at the Western Han (202 BCE - 8 CE) period, with star names changing before the Tang dynasty. Ever since the establishment of the Tianshi constellation, the star name "Zhou" (identified as β Ser) has always been one of the stars in the Celestial Marketplace. For approximately 2000 years, this star name is unchanged.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+
Line 63:		Line 63:

	== IAU Star Name ==		== IAU Star Name ==
	The word is simple, short and easy - even for people who don't know Chinese.		The word is simple, short and easy, even for people who don't know Chinese.

	The star name "~~'''''~~Chow~~'''''~~" is already in SIMBAD and correctly associated with ''[https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Chow&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id ~~beta~~ Serpentis (SIMBAD)]'', so the WGSN should register this name in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names. However, the correct spelling in Pinyin Chinese would be "Zhou".		The star name "Chow" is already in SIMBAD and correctly associated with [https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Chow&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id Beta Serpentis (SIMBAD)], so the WGSN should register this name in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names. However, the correct spelling in Pinyin Chinese would be "Zhou".
	[[File:Allen p376.jpg\|alt=screenshot(s) of text\|thumb\|Screenshot from Allen (1899), showing the name "Chow" in the constellation Serpens as one of many possibilities. ]]		[[File:Allen p376.jpg\|alt=screenshot(s) of text\|thumb\|Screenshot from Allen (1899), showing the name "Chow" in the constellation Serpens as one of many possibilities. ]]

Line 81:		Line 81:

	=== Other names for this star ===		=== Other names for this star ===
	The only other name for ~~bet~~ Ser that we are aware of is "'''Nasak Shamiya I'''" from Rhoads (1971), from the Arabic asterism that Rhoads transliterated as "Nasaḳ Shāmiyy". Danielle Adams in her PhD thesis (p.166) transliterated this as "al-nasaq al-shāmī " which makes the name even longer and more complicated. Regardless, this was an asterism with several stars, and the Rhoads version of the name with the Roman numeral did not really come into common usage.		The only other name for Beta Ser that we are aware of is "'''Nasak Shamiya I'''" from Rhoads (1971), from the Arabic asterism that Rhoads transliterated as "Nasaḳ Shāmiyy". Danielle Adams in her PhD thesis (p.166) transliterated this as "al-nasaq al-shāmī " which makes the name even longer and more complicated. Regardless, this was an asterism with several stars, and the Rhoads version of the name with the Roman numeral did not really come into common usage.

	==IAU Working Group on Star Names==		==IAU Working Group on Star Names==

Sushoff at 06:23, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T06:23:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:23, 17 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
			Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:Zhou on Suzhou star map.jpg\|thumb\|Zhou on Suzhou star map]]		[[File:Zhou on Suzhou star map.jpg\|thumb\|Zhou on Suzhou star map]]
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Zhou (周)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Zhou (周)}}

	This is a traditional Chinese star name of one of the stars in the historical Chinese constellation of Tianshi (Celestial Marketplace).		This is a traditional Chinese star name of one of the stars in the historical Chinese constellation of Tianshi (Celestial Marketplace).

Sushoff at 18:17, 20 May 2025

2025-05-20T18:17:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:17, 20 May 2025
Line 2:		Line 2:
	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Zhou (周)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Zhou (周)}}

	This is a traditional Chinese star name of one of the stars in the historical Chinese constellation of Tianshi (Celestial Marketplace).		This is a traditional Chinese star name of one of the stars in the historical Chinese constellation of Tianshi (Celestial Marketplace).

			Zhou is also a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is the Chinese traditional star name. It is the name of HIP77233 (β Ser, HR 5867) in constellation Ser.

	__FORCETOC__		__FORCETOC__

Sushoff at 18:16, 20 May 2025

2025-05-20T18:16:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:16, 20 May 2025
Line 78:		Line 78:
	=== Other names for this star ===		=== Other names for this star ===
	The only other name for bet Ser that we are aware of is "'''Nasak Shamiya I'''" from Rhoads (1971), from the Arabic asterism that Rhoads transliterated as "Nasaḳ Shāmiyy". Danielle Adams in her PhD thesis (p.166) transliterated this as "al-nasaq al-shāmī " which makes the name even longer and more complicated. Regardless, this was an asterism with several stars, and the Rhoads version of the name with the Roman numeral did not really come into common usage.		The only other name for bet Ser that we are aware of is "'''Nasak Shamiya I'''" from Rhoads (1971), from the Arabic asterism that Rhoads transliterated as "Nasaḳ Shāmiyy". Danielle Adams in her PhD thesis (p.166) transliterated this as "al-nasaq al-shāmī " which makes the name even longer and more complicated. Regardless, this was an asterism with several stars, and the Rhoads version of the name with the Roman numeral did not really come into common usage.

			==IAU Working Group on Star Names==
			The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2024/12/05.

			==Weblinks==
			* Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/

	== References ==		== References ==

Sushoff at 14:59, 25 December 2024

2024-12-25T14:59:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 25 December 2024
Line 86:		Line 86:
	[[Category:single star-asterism]]		[[Category:single star-asterism]]
	[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]		[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]
			[[Category:Ser]]

Sushoff at 10:00, 14 December 2024

2024-12-14T10:00:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:00, 14 December 2024
Line 83:		Line 83:

	[[References (Chinese)]]		[[References (Chinese)]]
	[[Category:Asterism]][[Category:East Asian]][[Category:Chinese]][[Category:single star-asterism]]		[[Category:Asterism]][[Category:East Asian]][[Category:Chinese]]
			[[Category:single star-asterism]]
			[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]

Sushoff: /* Explanation of the Name */ sentences grammatically reworked

2024-12-04T14:39:03Z

Explanation of the Name: sentences grammatically reworked

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:39, 4 December 2024
Line 8:		Line 8:

	=== Explanation of the Name ===		=== Explanation of the Name ===
	The name "Zhou [周]" comes from the Zhou ~~dynasty~~ (1046 BCE - 256 BCE), which established a powerful state after overthrowing the Shang dynasty and enfeoffed many vassals. However, after the fall of the Western Zhou (1046 BCE - 771 BCE), the Eastern Zhou (770 BCE - 256 BCE) moved the capital to Luoyang, and their power gradually ~~weakened~~. The vassals grew stronger and no longer recognized the Zhou's authority, declaring themselves kings and reducing Zhou's territory to a small area. Thus, in the Tianshiyuan, Zhou did not hold a transcendent position but was on par with other regional vassal states.		The name "Zhou [周]" comes from the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE - 256 BCE), which established a powerful state after overthrowing the Shang dynasty and enfeoffed many vassals. However, after the fall of the Western Zhou (1046 BCE - 771 BCE), the Eastern Zhou (770 BCE - 256 BCE) moved the capital to Luoyang, and their power gradually declined. The vassals grew stronger and no longer recognized the Zhou's authority, declaring themselves kings and reducing Zhou's territory to a small area. Thus, in the Tianshiyuan, Zhou did not hold a transcendent position but was on par with other regional vassal states.

	An alternative explanation for Zhou ~~could~~ be a location. Many other stars in Tianshi refer to specific places, e.g. the "Wei" could refer to the territory used to belong to Wei ~~kindom. The other stars e.g.~~ Nanhai, Hejian are ~~also~~ names ~~of places~~ instead of vassals . Hence, Tianshi ~~are also~~ stars related to merchants from different places.		An alternative explanation for the star name "Zhou" would be a location within the super-constellation of Tianshi, The Celestial Marketplace (instead of a dynasty). Many other stars in Tianshi refer to specific places, e.g. the "Wei" could refer to the territory used to belong to the Wei kingdom, and the star names Nanhai and Hejian are place names instead of vassals. Hence, Tianshi consists of stars related to merchants from different places, so "Zhou" can be interpreted as a place name, too.

	=== Spelling ===		=== Spelling ===
	An alternative spelling of this Chinese ~~term~~ (Chow) is given in Allen (1899). It originates from the first English-Chinese dictionary compiled by missionary Robert Morrison, who created the Morrison Romanization system to transcribe Chinese. According to the preface of the book, the ~~romanization~~ was based on the Nanjing dialect of Mandarin at that time. According to [https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/abstract/abstract10177.shtml the article (~~...~~ 2010)]<ref>陈辉. 19世纪东西洋士人所记录的汉语官话[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2010, 40(6): 75-. Chen Hui. Mandarin Dialects as Recorded by Western and Eastern Intellectuals in the 19th Century . , 2010, 40(6): 75-.</ref>, Beijing dialect was then considered to be the Mandarin spoken with a Manchu (invader) accent, while Nanjing Mandarin was viewed as the standard~~, though they~~ have the same pronunciation ~~with~~ the character "周", which is [tʂ ou]. Over time, Beijing Mandarin gradually evolved to be regarded as the standard.		An alternative spelling of this Chinese star name (Chow) is given in Allen (1899). This spelling is outdated and reflects neither the international Pinyin ("zhou") nor the Wade-Giles ("chou") Romanisation system. It originates from the first English-Chinese dictionary compiled by missionary Robert Morrison, who created the Morrison Romanization system to transcribe Chinese. According to the preface of the book, the Romanization was based on the Nanjing dialect of Mandarin at that time. According to [https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/abstract/abstract10177.shtml the article (Chen Hui 2010)]<ref>陈辉. 19世纪东西洋士人所记录的汉语官话[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2010, 40(6): 75-.

			Chen Hui. Mandarin Dialects as Recorded by Western and Eastern Intellectuals in the 19th Century, ''Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)'' 2010, 40(6): 75-.</ref>, Beijing dialect was then considered to be the Mandarin spoken with a Manchu (invader) accent, while Nanjing Mandarin was viewed as the standard. All dialects have the same pronunciation of the character "周", which is [tʂ ou]. Over time, the Beijing Mandarin gradually evolved to be regarded as the standard.

	Today and since 1958, ''Pinying'' is a national standard of China. In addition, since 1982 the system has been adopted by the ''International Organization for Standardization'' as ISO 7098 (1982), which was updated first in 1991 as ISO 7098 (1991) and again in 2015 as ISO 7098 (2015), while ISO 7089 (2015) was unanimously approved by all the member states of the ISO, including USA and UK which disapproved and abstained respectively for technical reasons in 1982.		Today and since 1958, ''Pinying'' is a national standard of China. In addition, since 1982 the system has been adopted by the ''International Organization for Standardization'' as ISO 7098 (1982), which was updated first in 1991 as ISO 7098 (1991) and again in 2015 as ISO 7098 (2015), while ISO 7089 (2015) was unanimously approved by all the member states of the ISO, including USA and UK which disapproved and abstained respectively for technical reasons in 1982.

Boshunyang at 10:16, 4 December 2024

2024-12-04T10:16:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:16, 4 December 2024
Line 10:		Line 10:
	The name "Zhou [周]" comes from the Zhou dynasty (1046 BCE - 256 BCE), which established a powerful state after overthrowing the Shang dynasty and enfeoffed many vassals. However, after the fall of the Western Zhou (1046 BCE - 771 BCE), the Eastern Zhou (770 BCE - 256 BCE) moved the capital to Luoyang, and their power gradually weakened. The vassals grew stronger and no longer recognized the Zhou's authority, declaring themselves kings and reducing Zhou's territory to a small area. Thus, in the Tianshiyuan, Zhou did not hold a transcendent position but was on par with other regional vassal states.		The name "Zhou [周]" comes from the Zhou dynasty (1046 BCE - 256 BCE), which established a powerful state after overthrowing the Shang dynasty and enfeoffed many vassals. However, after the fall of the Western Zhou (1046 BCE - 771 BCE), the Eastern Zhou (770 BCE - 256 BCE) moved the capital to Luoyang, and their power gradually weakened. The vassals grew stronger and no longer recognized the Zhou's authority, declaring themselves kings and reducing Zhou's territory to a small area. Thus, in the Tianshiyuan, Zhou did not hold a transcendent position but was on par with other regional vassal states.

	An alternative explanation for 周 could be a location. Many other stars in ~~天巿垣~~ refer to specific places, e.g. the ~~seat of~~ the ~~emperor is in the middle of 天巿垣~~. ~~It does not make sense the 周天子 is also one of the stars of 天巿右垣, in addition, the~~ other stars e.g. 南海, 河間 are also names of places instead of 諸侯. Hence, ~~天巿垣are~~ stars related to ~~daily living and not about the power~~.		An alternative explanation for Zhou could be a location. Many other stars in Tianshi refer to specific places, e.g. the "Wei" could refer to the territory used to belong to Wei kindom. The other stars e.g. Nanhai, Hejian are also names of places instead of vassals . Hence, Tianshi are also stars related to merchants from different places.

	=== Spelling ===		=== Spelling ===
	An alternative spelling of this Chinese term (Chow) is given in Allen (1899). It originates from the first English-Chinese dictionary compiled by missionary Robert Morrison, who created the Morrison Romanization system to transcribe Chinese. According to the preface of the book, the romanization was based on the Nanjing dialect of Mandarin at that time. According to [https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/abstract/abstract10177.shtml the article (... 2010)]<ref>陈辉. 19世纪东西洋士人所记录的汉语官话[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2010, 40(6): 75-. Chen Hui. Mandarin Dialects as Recorded by Western and Eastern Intellectuals in the 19th Century . , 2010, 40(6): 75-.</ref>, Beijing dialect was then considered to be the Mandarin spoken with a Manchu (invader) accent, while Nanjing Mandarin was viewed as the standard. Over time, Beijing Mandarin gradually evolved to be regarded as the standard.		An alternative spelling of this Chinese term (Chow) is given in Allen (1899). It originates from the first English-Chinese dictionary compiled by missionary Robert Morrison, who created the Morrison Romanization system to transcribe Chinese. According to the preface of the book, the romanization was based on the Nanjing dialect of Mandarin at that time. According to [https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/abstract/abstract10177.shtml the article (... 2010)]<ref>陈辉. 19世纪东西洋士人所记录的汉语官话[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2010, 40(6): 75-. Chen Hui. Mandarin Dialects as Recorded by Western and Eastern Intellectuals in the 19th Century . , 2010, 40(6): 75-.</ref>, Beijing dialect was then considered to be the Mandarin spoken with a Manchu (invader) accent, while Nanjing Mandarin was viewed as the standard, though they have the same pronunciation with the character "周", which is [tʂ ou]. Over time, Beijing Mandarin gradually evolved to be regarded as the standard.

	Today and since 1958, ''Pinying'' is a national standard of China. In addition, since 1982 the system has been adopted by the ''International Organization for Standardization'' as ISO 7098 (1982), which was updated first in 1991 as ISO 7098 (1991) and again in 2015 as ISO 7098 (2015), while ISO 7089 (2015) was unanimously approved by all the member states of the ISO, including USA and UK which disapproved and abstained respectively for technical reasons in 1982.		Today and since 1958, ''Pinying'' is a national standard of China. In addition, since 1982 the system has been adopted by the ''International Organization for Standardization'' as ISO 7098 (1982), which was updated first in 1991 as ISO 7098 (1991) and again in 2015 as ISO 7098 (2015), while ISO 7089 (2015) was unanimously approved by all the member states of the ISO, including USA and UK which disapproved and abstained respectively for technical reasons in 1982.

Sushoff: /* Etymology and History of the Name */ added a section about the spelling variants and therefore ordered the rest

2024-12-04T09:31:42Z

Etymology and History of the Name: added a section about the spelling variants and therefore ordered the rest

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 __FORCETOC__
 == Etymology and History of the Name ==
 Since the Han dynasty, the number of stars in the Tianshi (Celestial Market) were fixed at 22, with each star representing a different state or region. The names of these states mostly originated from the Spring and Autumn（770 BCE - 476 BCE) and Warring States (475 BCE - 221 BCE) periods.
 The Tianshi-constellation consisting of 22 stars was formed at the Western Han (202 BCE - 8 CE) period, with star names changing before the Tang dynasty. Ever since the establishment of the Tianshi constellation, the star name "Zhou" (identified as β Ser) has always been one of the stars in the Celestial Marketplace. For approximately 2000 years, this star name is unchanged.
@@ Line 37: / Line 49: @@
 |β Ser
 |}
 == Images ==
 <gallery widths="200" heights="200" caption="Zhou">