HaochengLyu: Fixed title

2026-09-30T03:10:45Z

Fixed title

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:10, 30 September 2026
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE: Zuogeng (左更) and Yougeng (右更}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE: Zuogeng (左更) and Yougeng (右更)}}

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HaochengLyu: Fixed Star Map in Qing dynasty

2026-09-30T03:08:22Z

Fixed Star Map in Qing dynasty

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:08, 30 September 2026
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	\|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng on Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido.png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng on Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng in ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'']]		\|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng on Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido.png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng on Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng in ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'']]
	\| rowspan="3" \|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng before Tang Dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023).png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng before Tang Dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng before Tang Dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)]]		\| rowspan="3" \|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng before Tang Dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023).png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng before Tang Dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng before Tang Dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)]]
	\| rowspan="3" \|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng before Song dynasty in Stellarium.png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng before Song dynasty in Stellarium\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng before Tang dynasty in Stellarium reconstructed by Boshun Yang]]		\| rowspan="3" \|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng before Song dynasty in Stellarium.png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng before Song dynasty in Stellarium\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng before Tang dynasty in Stellarium reconstructed by Boshun Yang]][[File:A second possible reconstruction of Zuogeng and Yougeng before the Tang dynasty, based on star charts, suggested by Haocheng Lyu.png\|alt=A second possible reconstruction of Zuogeng and Yougeng before the Tang dynasty, based on star charts, suggested by Haocheng Lyu. This reconstruction has not been formally published in any paper and is presented here for reference only.\|thumb\|A second possible reconstruction of Zuogeng and Yougeng before the Tang dynasty, based on star charts, suggested by Haocheng Lyu. This reconstruction has not been formally published in any paper and is presented here for reference only.]]
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	\|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Dunhuang Star Map.png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Dunhuang Star Map\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng in Dunhuang Star Map]]		\|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Dunhuang Star Map.png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Dunhuang Star Map\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng in Dunhuang Star Map]]
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	\|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Suzhou Star Map.png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Suzhou Star Map\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng in Suzhou Star Map]]		\|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Suzhou Star Map.png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Suzhou Star Map\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng in Suzhou Star Map]]
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	\|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Yixiang kaocheng star map of 18th century.png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Yixiang kaocheng star map of 18th century\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng in ''Yixiang ~~kaocheng~~'' star map of 18th century]]		\|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Yixiang kaocheng star map of 18th century.png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Yixiang kaocheng star map of 18th century\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng in ''Yixiang Kaocheng'' star map of 18th century]]
	\|[[File:~~Tiancang~~ in Qing dynasty reconstructed by Yi Shitong based on Yixiang Kaocheng Star Catalogue (18th century).png\|alt=~~Tiancang~~ in Qing dynasty reconstructed by Yi Shitong based on Yixiang Kaocheng Star Catalogue (18th century)\|thumb\|~~Tiancang~~ in Qing dynasty reconstructed by Yi Shitong based on ''Yixiang Kaocheng'' Star Catalogue (18th century)]]		\|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Qing dynasty reconstructed by Yi Shitong based on Yixiang Kaocheng Star Catalogue (18th century).png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Qing dynasty reconstructed by Yi Shitong based on Yixiang Kaocheng Star Catalogue (18th century)\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng in Qing dynasty reconstructed by Yi Shitong based on ''Yixiang Kaocheng'' Star Catalogue (18th century)]]
	\|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium.png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium]]		\|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium.png\|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium\|thumb\|Zuogeng and Yougeng in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium]]
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HaochengLyu: Added new page "Zuogeng and Yougeng"

2026-09-29T14:53:59Z

Added new page "Zuogeng and Yougeng"

New page

{{DISPLAYTITLE: Zuogeng (左更) and Yougeng (右更}}

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Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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{{Infobox constellation|name=Zuogeng (左更)|native=左更|translation=Official in Charge of the Forest|pronounce=Zuǒ Gēng|IPA=/t͡swo˨˩˦.kɤŋ˥˥/|culture=Chinese|RA=32.65908333 to 39.70729167|dec=15.28086111 to 25.04491667|areatotal=0|numbermainstars=5|numberbfstars=5|numberstarsplanets=|numberbrightstars=0|numbernearbystars=|brighteststarname=η Ari|starmagnitude=5.20|neareststarname=|stardistance=|numbermessierobjects=|meteorshowers=|bordering=Ari|notes=|cat=constellation}}
{{Infobox constellation|name=Yougeng (右更)|native=右更|translation=Official in Charge of Pasturing|pronounce=Yòu Gēng|IPA=/joʊ˥˩.kɤŋ˥/|culture=Chinese|RA=22.87229167 to 29.33983333|dec=12.14255556 to 20.27005556|areatotal=0|numbermainstars=5|numberbfstars=4|numberstarsplanets=|numberbrightstars=0|numbernearbystars=|brighteststarname=η Psc|starmagnitude=3.62|neareststarname=|stardistance=|numbermessierobjects=|meteorshowers=|bordering=Psc|notes=|cat=constellation}}

Zuǒ Gēng (左更, Official in Charge of the Forest) and Yòu Gēng (右更, Official in Charge of Pasturing) are two paired Chinese asterisms belonging to the [[Lou|Lóu]] (婁, Bond) lunar mansion. Among the Three Schools of ancient Chinese astronomy, both are classified as asterisms of the Gan School (甘氏). Each consists of five stars. Zuogeng is located to the east of [[Lou]], within the modern constellation [[Aries]]; Yougeng is located to the west of [[Lou]], within the modern constellation [[Pisces]].

== Concordance, Etymology, History ==

The names Zuogeng and Yougeng derive from the Qin twenty-rank noble system (二十等爵), in which Zuogeng was the twelfth rank and Yougeng the fourteenth, both belonging to the higher echelons of the military nobility. The term geng (更) in this context is related to "shifts" or "watches", reflecting the ranks' association with military duty and rotation. The asterisms thus take their names from official titles, a common naming pattern in Chinese astronomy.

Since the [[Lou]] mansion governs pastures and mountain forests, Zuogeng was established to administer the mountains and forests, and Yougeng to administer the pastures. The ''Jin Shu·Tianwen Zhi'' (晉書·天文志, ''Book of Jin, Treatise on Astronomy'') confirms this division of labour:

<blockquote>Five stars east of Lou are called Zuogeng, the Mountain Warden (山虞). Five stars west of Lou are called Yougeng, the Pasture Officer (牧師). (婁東五星曰左更，山虞也；婁西五星曰右更，牧師也。)</blockquote>

The Mountain Warden (山虞) was an official in the ''Rites of Zhou'' (周禮) responsible for the administration of mountains, forests, marshes, and the harvesting of timber, bamboo, and vegetables. The Pasture Officer (牧師) governed the herding and breeding of cattle and horses.

The ''Gan Shi Zan'' (甘氏讚, ''Gan's Eulogy'') describes Zuogeng as "gathering firewood and harvesting vegetables in the rabbit garden" (左更採薪，菟園採茹) and Yougeng as "servants and livestock, pregnant with heavy calves and foals" (右更僕畜，孕重犢駒也).

The ''Kaiyuan Zhanjing'' (開元占經) preserves further astrological interpretations. Xi Meng (郗萌) states that Zuogeng governs the way of benevolence (仁之道) and Yougeng the way of ritual propriety (禮義). The ''Huangdi Zhan'' (黄帝占) records that if the stars of either asterism are incomplete, the roads of the realm will be impassable. Jiao Yanshou (焦延壽) adds that when Zuogeng is motionless and Yougeng alone moves, the king will travel in private; when both move, the king will go out with a thousand officials.

=== Identification of stars ===

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Star Names or Orders(Qing)
!3rd to 6th Century (Boshun Yang<ref name=":12">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023), Pp297-304.</ref>)
!Song Dynasty (Pan Nai<ref name=":02">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989, Pp220-226.</ref>, 1052 CE)
!Song Dynasty (Boshun Yang<ref name=":12" />, 1052 CE)
!Qing Dynaty (Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981.</ref>, 18th Century)
!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |Zuogeng
（左更）
|1st
| valign="center" |θ Ari
| valign="center" |HIP 11670
| valign="center" |HIP 11670
| valign="center" |ν Ari
| valign="center" |ν Ari
|-
|2nd
| valign="center" |15 Ari (determinative)
| valign="center" |HIP 10795
| valign="center" |HIP 10795
| valign="center" |μ Ari
| valign="center" |μ Ari
|-
|3rd
| valign="center" |HIP 9627
| valign="center" |η Ari
| valign="center" |η Ari
| valign="center" |ο Ari
| valign="center" |ο Ari
|-
|4th
| valign="center" |HIP 9533
| valign="center" |15 Ari (determinative)
| valign="center" |15 Ari (determinative)
| valign="center" |σ Ari
| valign="center" |σ Ari
|-
|5th
| valign="center" |19 Ari
| valign="center" |θ Ari
| valign="center" |θ Ari
| valign="center" |π Ari
| valign="center" |π Ari<ref group="comment">In Ho Peng Yoke's identification star chart, an additional star, ε Arietis, is connected.</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |Yougeng
（右更）
|1st
| valign="center" |ι Ari
| valign="center" |107 Psc (determinative)
| valign="center" |107 Psc (determinative)
| valign="center" |ρ Psc
| valign="center" |ρ Psc
|-
|2nd
| valign="center" |107 Psc (determinative)
| valign="center" |97 Psc
| valign="center" |HIP 7359
| valign="center" |η Psc
| valign="center" |η Psc
|-
|3rd
| valign="center" |ρ Psc
| valign="center" |87 Psc
| valign="center" |97 Psc
| valign="center" |π Psc
| valign="center" |π Psc
|-
|4th
| valign="center" |η Psc
| valign="center" |η Psc
| valign="center" |η Psc
| valign="center" |ο Psc
| valign="center" |ο Psc
|-
|5th
| valign="center" |4 Ari
| valign="center" |HIP 7447<ref group="comment">In Pan Nai's star chart, this star is identified as HIP 7447, but is labelled as 105 Piscium.</ref>
| valign="center" |105 Psc
| valign="center" |104 Psc
| valign="center" |?
|}

<references group="comment"/>

=== Maps (Gallery) ===

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!historical map
!modern identification
!same in Stellarium
|-
|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng on Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido.png|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng on Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido|thumb|Zuogeng and Yougeng in ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'']]
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng before Tang Dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023).png|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng before Tang Dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)|thumb|Zuogeng and Yougeng before Tang Dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)]]
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng before Song dynasty in Stellarium.png|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng before Song dynasty in Stellarium|thumb|Zuogeng and Yougeng before Tang dynasty in Stellarium reconstructed by Boshun Yang]]
|-
|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Dunhuang Star Map.png|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Dunhuang Star Map|thumb|Zuogeng and Yougeng in Dunhuang Star Map]]
|-
|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Geziyuejintu.png|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Geziyuejintu|thumb|Zuogeng and Yougeng in ''Geziyuejintu'']]
|-
|[[File:TIancang in Xinyixiangfayao Star Map.png|alt=TIancang in Xinyixiangfayao Star Map|thumb|TIancang in ''Xinyixiangfayao'' Star Map]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Song Dynasty (Huangyou period) reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009).png|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Song Dynasty (Huangyou period) reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009)|thumb|Zuogeng and Yougeng in Song Dynasty (Huangyou period) reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009)]][[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Song Dynasty (Huangyou period) reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023).png|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Song Dynasty (Huangyou period) reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)|thumb|Zuogeng and Yougeng in Song Dynasty (Huangyou period) reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Northern Song dynasty (11th century) in Stellarium.png|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Northern Song dynasty (11th century) in Stellarium|thumb|Zuogeng and Yougeng in Northern Song dynasty (11th century) in Stellarium]]
|-
|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Suzhou Star Map.png|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Suzhou Star Map|thumb|Zuogeng and Yougeng in Suzhou Star Map]]
|-
|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Yixiang kaocheng star map of 18th century.png|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Yixiang kaocheng star map of 18th century|thumb|Zuogeng and Yougeng in ''Yixiang kaocheng'' star map of 18th century]]
|[[File:Tiancang in Qing dynasty reconstructed by Yi Shitong based on Yixiang Kaocheng Star Catalogue (18th century).png|alt=Tiancang in Qing dynasty reconstructed by Yi Shitong based on Yixiang Kaocheng Star Catalogue (18th century)|thumb|Tiancang in Qing dynasty reconstructed by Yi Shitong based on ''Yixiang Kaocheng'' Star Catalogue (18th century)]]
|[[File:Zuogeng and Yougeng in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium.png|alt=Zuogeng and Yougeng in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium|thumb|Zuogeng and Yougeng in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium]]
|}

== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Zuogeng" was suggested to be used for η Arietis in this constellation, as it is the brightest star of the asterism.

Decision: ...

==References ==
[[References (Chinese)]]
[[Category:Asterism ]][[Category:Constellation ]]
[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:East Asian]]
[[Category:Chinese ]]
[[Category:Ari]]
[[Category:Psc]]

Zuogeng and Yougeng - Revision history

HaochengLyu: Fixed title

HaochengLyu: Fixed Star Map in Qing dynasty

HaochengLyu: Added new page "Zuogeng and Yougeng"