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brief note
Alam (𒀩) is a Mesopotamian term in connection with the Sun and Venus, basically referring to their associated deities.
 
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
Variant readings:
 
* 1) an epithet of the sun god Šamaš;
* 2) an epithet of Ištar [Gössmann 216; Tallqvist 1938, 341].


==Dictionary==
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
Variant reading: 1) an epithet of the sun god Šamaš; 2) epithet of Ishtar like the planets of Venus [G. 216; Tallqvist 1938, 341].
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|
|-
|-
!Sources!!Identifications
!Sources!!Identifications
|-
|-
|'''Lexical texts.'''  
|'''Lexical texts.'''  
* '''(1)''' Series Antagal (Tabl. G 304): <sup>d kaš-še-bi</sup> 2´ UDU<sup>?</sup>.LUGAL = <sup>d</sup>UTU [CT 19, K.4386 rev. iv 52; MSL XVII, 229:304]; it is possible that the reading here should be ALAM instead of 2´UDU?.LUGAL.
* '''(1)''' Series Antagal (Tabl. G 304):  
** <sup>d kaš-še-bi</sup> 2´ UDU<sup>?</sup>.LUGAL = <sup>d</sup>UTU [CT 19, K.4386 rev. iv 52; MSL XVII, 229:304];  
** it is possible that the reading here should be ALAM instead of 2´UDU<sup>?</sup>.LUGAL.


* '''(2)''' Series AN:<sup>d</sup>Anum (III 109, IV 177): a) <sup>d (BI.še.ba)</sup>ALAM = <sup>d</sup>UD, b) <sup>d</sup>ALAM = min(= Iš<sub>8</sub>-tar<sub>2</sub> mul.<meš>) "<sup>d</sup>ALAM = Goddess of the Stars" [Litke 1998, 129:109 + note; 161:177].
* '''(2)''' Series AN:<sup>d</sup>Anum (III 109, IV 177):  
** a) <sup>d (KAŠ.še.ba)</sup>ALAM = <sup>d</sup>UD,  
** b) <sup>d</sup>ALAM = min(= ''Iš''<sub>8</sub>-''tar''<sub>2</sub> mul.<meš>) "<sup>d</sup>ALAM = Goddess of the Stars" [Litke 1998, 129:109 + note; 161:177].
|
|}
          Inscription on a Kassite seal: <sup>mul</sup>alam bu.gal / ḫe<sub>2</sub>.du<sub>7</sub> utaḫ šen.na "Star Alam, great light, ornament of the pure sky" [Limet 1971, 76; PSD A/3, 168].


          Inscriptions on the Kassite seal: <sup>mul</sup>Alan sir<sub>2</sub>.gal / ḫe<sub>2</sub>.du<sub>7</sub> utaḫ šen.na "Star Alan, the great light, the decoration of the pure sky" [Limet 1971, 76; PSD A/3, 163].
|Example
|-
|Example||Example
|}
===Additional===
==Historical Dictionaries==
==Historical Dictionaries==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|
|-
|-
!Kurtik (2022)!!Gössmann (1950)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Kurtik (2022, a20)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
|-
|вар. чтения: ALAN; 1) эпитет бога Солнца Шамаша; 2) эпитет Иштар как планеты Венеры [G. 216; Tallqvist 1938, 341].||
|-
|-
|вар. чтения: ALAN; 1) эпитет бога Солнца Шамаша; 2) эпитет Иштар как планеты Венеры [G. 216; Tallqvist 1938, 341].
|I. Источники.
I. Источники.
'''''Лексич. тексты'''''.  


Лексич. тексты. (1) Серия Antagal (Tabl. G 304): <sup>d kaš-še-bi</sup> 2´ UDU?.LUGAL = <sup>d</sup>UTU [CT 19, K.4386 rev. iv 52; MSL XVII, 229:304]; не исключено, что здесь вместо 2´UDU?.LUGAL должно быть ALAM. (2) Cерия AN:<sup>d</sup>Anum (III 109, IV 177): a) <sup>d (BI.še.ba)</sup>ALAM = <sup>d</sup>UD, b) <sup>d</sup>ALAM = min(= Iš<sub>8</sub>-tar<sub>2</sub> mul.<meš>)  «<sup>d</sup>ALAM = Богиня звезд» [Litke 1998, 129:109 + note; 161:177].
* '''(1)''' Серия Antagal (Tabl. G 304): <sup>d</sup> <sup>kaš-še-bi</sup> 2´ UDU<sup>?</sup>.LUGAL = <sup>d</sup>UTU [CT 19, K.4386 rev. iv 52; MSL XVII, 229:304]; не исключено, что здесь вместо 2´UDU<sup>?</sup>.LUGAL должно быть ALAM.  
* '''(2)''' Cерия AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (III 109, IV 177): a) <sup>d (BI.še.ba)</sup>ALAM = <sup>d</sup>UD, b) <sup>d</sup>ALAM = min(= ''Iš''<sub>8</sub>-''tar''<sub>2</sub> mul.<meš>) «<sup>d</sup>ALAM = Богиня звезд» [Litke 1998, 129:109 + note; 161:177].


Надпись на касситской печати: <sup>mul</sup>Alan sir<sub>2</sub>.gal / ḫe<sub>2</sub>.du<sub>7</sub> utaḫ šen.na «Звезда Алан, великий свет, украшение чистого неба» [Limet 1971, 76; PSD A/3, 163].
Надпись на касситской печати: <sup>mul</sup>Alan sir<sub>2</sub>.gal / ḫe<sub>2</sub>.du<sub>7</sub> utaḫ šen.na «Звезда Алан, великий свет, украшение чистого неба» [Limet 1971, 76; PSD A/3, 163].
|Example
|
|-
|Example||Example
|}
|}
==References==
==References==
*[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]
*[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]
[[Category:Mesopotamian]] [[Category:Sumerian]] [[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Sumerian]]  
[[Category:Constellation]]  
[[Category:West Asian]]  
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Sun]]
[[Category:Solar System]]
[[Category:Planet]]
[[Category:Venus]]

Latest revision as of 09:26, 29 December 2025

Alam (𒀩) is a Mesopotamian term in connection with the Sun and Venus, basically referring to their associated deities.

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

Variant readings:

  • 1) an epithet of the sun god Šamaš;
  • 2) an epithet of Ištar [Gössmann 216; Tallqvist 1938, 341].
Sources Identifications
Lexical texts.
  • (1) Series Antagal (Tabl. G 304):
    • d kaš-še-bi 2´ UDU?.LUGAL = dUTU [CT 19, K.4386 rev. iv 52; MSL XVII, 229:304];
    • it is possible that the reading here should be ALAM instead of 2´UDU?.LUGAL.
  • (2) Series AN:dAnum (III 109, IV 177):
    • a) d (KAŠ.še.ba)ALAM = dUD,
    • b) dALAM = min(= Iš8-tar2 mul.<meš>) "dALAM = Goddess of the Stars" [Litke 1998, 129:109 + note; 161:177].

          Inscription on a Kassite seal: mulalam bu.gal / ḫe2.du7 utaḫ šen.na "Star Alam, great light, ornament of the pure sky" [Limet 1971, 76; PSD A/3, 168].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, a20) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: ALAN; 1) эпитет бога Солнца Шамаша; 2) эпитет Иштар как планеты Венеры [G. 216; Tallqvist 1938, 341].
I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты.

  • (1) Серия Antagal (Tabl. G 304): d kaš-še-bi 2´ UDU?.LUGAL = dUTU [CT 19, K.4386 rev. iv 52; MSL XVII, 229:304]; не исключено, что здесь вместо 2´UDU?.LUGAL должно быть ALAM.
  • (2) Cерия AN:dAnum (III 109, IV 177): a) d (BI.še.ba)ALAM = dUD, b) dALAM = min(= Iš8-tar2 mul.<meš>) «dALAM = Богиня звезд» [Litke 1998, 129:109 + note; 161:177].

Надпись на касситской печати: mulAlan sir2.gal / ḫe2.du7 utaḫ šen.na «Звезда Алан, великий свет, украшение чистого неба» [Limet 1971, 76; PSD A/3, 163].


References

  1. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
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