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Píng (屏, Screen) is a Chinese constellation. Its meaning is a screen in front of a toilet. | |||
== Concordance, Etymology, History == | == Concordance, Etymology, History == | ||
Ping (屏), Ce ( | Ping (屏, Screen), Ce (廁, or Tiance 天廁, Celestial Toilet), and Shi (屎, or Tianshi 天矢, Celestial Excrement) are a group of semantically related constellations. Ping is the barrier in front of the Celestial Toilet. These three constellations were used for divining epidemics and diseases across the land. | ||
Public latrines in the pre-Qin period already followed certain standards regarding site selection and construction. The ''Mozi'' (''Mozi'', 墨子), in the chapter “Qízhì” (Flags, 旗幟), records:<blockquote>“Outside the roadway a screen wall should be built; thirty paces beyond it a circular enclosure is to be constructed, one ''zhang'' in height. This is to serve as the people’s latrine, with walls no less than twelve ''chi'' high.”</blockquote>The term ''píng'' (屏, Screen) here refers to a screen wall used to enclose the latrine, while ''hùn'' (溷) was another ancient designation for a toilet. | |||
=== Identification of stars === | === Identification of stars === | ||
Through out the history of imperial China, epsilon Lep is the determinative star in most times. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
!Star Names or Orders( | !Star Names or Orders(Qing) | ||
!Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.</ref> | !Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.</ref> | ||
Based on catalogue in 18th century | Based on catalogue in 18th century | ||
| Line 22: | Line 25: | ||
Song Huangyou(1052) | Song Huangyou(1052) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1st/ | | 1st/Determinative | ||
| mu Lep | | mu Lep | ||
| epsilon Lep | |||
| epsilon Lep | |||
| epsilon Lep | |||
| epsilon Lep | |||
|- | |||
| 2nd | |||
| epsilon Lep | |||
| HIP 24927 | |||
| mu Lep | | mu Lep | ||
| mu Lep | | mu Lep | ||
| mu Lep | | mu Lep | ||
|} | |||
=== Maps (Gallery) === | |||
The reconstruction of Ping (屏, Screen) is relatively consistent. Apart from Pan Nai's reconstruction based on the ''Xinyixiang Fayao''Star Map from the Song Dynasty, the results generally point to the two stars ε and μ Leporis. The table below only lists partial historical star charts from periods prior to the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
!historical map | |||
!modern identification | |||
!same in Stellarium 24.4 | |||
|- | |||
|[[File:Ping in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido.png|alt=Ping in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido|center|thumb|Ping in ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'']] | |||
|[[File:Ping (Screen) before Tang dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023).png|center|thumb|153x153px|Ping before Tang dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)]] | |||
|[[File:Ping (Screen) before Tang dynasty in Stellarium.png|center|thumb|Ping before Tang dynasty in Stellarium]] | |||
|- | |||
|[[File:Ping (Screen) in Xinyixiang Fayao Star Map.png|center|thumb|Ping in ''Xinyixiang Fayao'' Star Map]] | |||
|[[File:Ping (Screen) in Song Dynasty reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009).png|center|thumb|Ping in Song Dynasty reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009)]] | |||
|[[File:Ping (Screen) in Song Dynasty in Stellarium reconstructed by Pan Nai.png|center|thumb|Ping in Song Dynasty in Stellarium reconstructed by Pan Nai]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Ping (Screen) in 18th Century Star Map.png|center|thumb|Ping in 18th Century Star Map]] | ||
| | |[[File:Ping (Screen) in 18th Century Reconstructed by YI Shitong (1981).png|center|thumb|Ping in 18th Century Reconstructed by YI Shitong (1981)]] | ||
| | |[[File:Ping (Screen) before Tang dynasty in Stellarium.png|center|thumb|Ping in 18th Century in Stellarium]] | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
== References == | == IAU Working Group on Star Names == | ||
[[References (Chinese)]]<references /> | In 2026, the name of the historical constellation Píng (屏, Screen) was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. It could be either epsilon or mu Lep, for both have served as determinative star, though the former is more commonly used. | ||
Decision: ... | |||
==References == | |||
[[References (Chinese)]] | |||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Asterism ]] | [[Category:Asterism ]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:14, 5 March 2026
Authors: Lyu Haocheng, Susanne M Hoffmann
Píng (屏, Screen) is a Chinese constellation. Its meaning is a screen in front of a toilet.
Concordance, Etymology, History
Ping (屏, Screen), Ce (廁, or Tiance 天廁, Celestial Toilet), and Shi (屎, or Tianshi 天矢, Celestial Excrement) are a group of semantically related constellations. Ping is the barrier in front of the Celestial Toilet. These three constellations were used for divining epidemics and diseases across the land.
Public latrines in the pre-Qin period already followed certain standards regarding site selection and construction. The Mozi (Mozi, 墨子), in the chapter “Qízhì” (Flags, 旗幟), records:
“Outside the roadway a screen wall should be built; thirty paces beyond it a circular enclosure is to be constructed, one zhang in height. This is to serve as the people’s latrine, with walls no less than twelve chi high.”
The term píng (屏, Screen) here refers to a screen wall used to enclose the latrine, while hùn (溷) was another ancient designation for a toilet.
Identification of stars
Through out the history of imperial China, epsilon Lep is the determinative star in most times.
| Star Names or Orders(Qing) | Yi Shitong[1]
Based on catalogue in 18th century |
Pan Nai[2]
based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map |
SUN X. & J. Kistemaker[3]
Han Dynasty |
Boshun Yang[4]
before Tang dynasty |
Boshun Yang[4]
Song Huangyou(1052) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st/Determinative | mu Lep | epsilon Lep | epsilon Lep | epsilon Lep | epsilon Lep |
| 2nd | epsilon Lep | HIP 24927 | mu Lep | mu Lep | mu Lep |
Maps (Gallery)
The reconstruction of Ping (屏, Screen) is relatively consistent. Apart from Pan Nai's reconstruction based on the Xinyixiang FayaoStar Map from the Song Dynasty, the results generally point to the two stars ε and μ Leporis. The table below only lists partial historical star charts from periods prior to the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty.
| historical map | modern identification | same in Stellarium 24.4 |
|---|---|---|
 |
_before_Tang_dynasty_reconstructed_by_Boshun_Yang_(2023).png) |
_before_Tang_dynasty_in_Stellarium.png) |
_in_Xinyixiang_Fayao_Star_Map.png) |
_in_Song_Dynasty_reconstructed_by_Pan_Nai_(2009).png) |
_in_Song_Dynasty_in_Stellarium_reconstructed_by_Pan_Nai.png) |
_in_18th_Century_Star_Map.png) |
_in_18th_Century_Reconstructed_by_YI_Shitong_(1981).png) |
|
IAU Working Group on Star Names
In 2026, the name of the historical constellation Píng (屏, Screen) was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. It could be either epsilon or mu Lep, for both have served as determinative star, though the former is more commonly used.
Decision: ...
References
- ↑ Yi Shitong伊世同. Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.
- ↑ Pan Nai潘鼐. Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.
- ↑ Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. The Chinese sky during the Han. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.
