TU.TU: Difference between revisions
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<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is | Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim | ||
==Concordance, Etymology, History | ---- | ||
<sup>mul d</sup>TU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is a suggested restoration for a broken star-name in a Sumerian forerunner to the star-list of Urra XXII, to be dated no later than the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE). As such, this is to early for the later identification of one of Marduk's asterisms (both planets and/or stars), for example Jupiter and Marduk. No astronomical significance for Marduk is attested until the time of the composition of Enuma Elish (ca. 1100 BCE, see Lambert 2013: ???, Horowitz 2014: 6-8). Given such uncertainty, even of reading of this only example of the star-name, no identification with any asterism is advisable. For the convenience of the user, a short discussion of the divine-name Tutu and its incorporation into the Marduk/Nabu tradition of Babylon and Borsippa is retained below. | |||
= <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu''; one of the names of Marduk, as planet Jupiter or Mercury (?). | |||
'''Wayne check reading in Sum forerunner at University??''' | |||
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>== | |||
<s>= <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu''; one of the names of Marduk, as planet Jupiter or Mercury (?)</s>. | |||
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===Additional=== | ===Additional=== | ||
==== | ==== Deity. ==== | ||
The deity <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' has been known since the Old Akkadian periods [Roberts 1972<ref>''Roberts J.J.M''. The Earliest Semitic Pantheon. Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins Univ. Press. 1972.</ref>, 54]. In Hammurabi's time, it was considered the city god of Borsippa: ''na-ra-am'' TU.TU / ''mu-ri-iš'' / <sup>uru</sup>''bar-zi-pa''<sup>ki</sup> "Tutu's favorite, pleasing Borsippa" ZX (III 10-13) and in this period, apparently, was identified with Nabu. However, in the list of gods, both early and later, <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' is invariably identified with Marduk, cf. [Weidner 1924-25<ref>''Weidner E.'' Altbabylonische Götterlisten // AfO. 1924-1925. Bd. 2. S. 1-18, 71-82.</ref>, 74:28b; Genouillac 1923<ref>''Genouillac H. de''. Grande liste de noms divins sumériens // RA. 1923. Vol. 20. P. 95-106.</ref>, 101, AO 5376 col. iii 8; Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 91:196; KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref>, 63 iii 35]. This is also mentioned in Enuma Elish (VII 9-34), as one of the 50 names of Marduk and as an independent deity in Shurpu's collection of spells (IV 65, VIII 27) [Reiner 1970<ref>''Reiner E.'' Šurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations. Osnabrück, 1970 ( AfO, Beiheft 11).</ref>, 27, 40]. In the ritual list of the 7 sons of Enmesharra <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu ša''<sub>2</sub> a.meš ku<sub>3</sub>.meš ''zu-u''<sub>2</sub> "Tutu who knows the pure waters" is equated with Kus, the deity of the constellation Mad Dog (see Kurtik u21 [[UR.IDIM]]) [Livingstone 1986<ref>''Livingstone A.'' Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.</ref>, 190, O 175:12]. | The deity <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' has been known since the Old Akkadian periods [Roberts 1972<ref>''Roberts J.J.M''. The Earliest Semitic Pantheon. Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins Univ. Press. 1972.</ref>, 54]. In Hammurabi's time, it was considered the city god of Borsippa: ''na-ra-am'' TU.TU / ''mu-ri-iš'' / <sup>uru</sup>''bar-zi-pa''<sup>ki</sup> "Tutu's favorite, pleasing Borsippa" ZX (III 10-13) and in this period, apparently, was identified with Nabu. However, in the list of gods, both early and later, <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' is invariably identified with Marduk, cf. [Weidner 1924-25<ref>''Weidner E.'' Altbabylonische Götterlisten // AfO. 1924-1925. Bd. 2. S. 1-18, 71-82.</ref>, 74:28b; Genouillac 1923<ref>''Genouillac H. de''. Grande liste de noms divins sumériens // RA. 1923. Vol. 20. P. 95-106.</ref>, 101, AO 5376 col. iii 8; Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 91:196; KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref>, 63 iii 35]. This is also mentioned in Enuma Elish (VII 9-34), as one of the 50 names of Marduk and as an independent deity in Shurpu's collection of spells (IV 65, VIII 27) [Reiner 1970<ref>''Reiner E.'' Šurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations. Osnabrück, 1970 ( AfO, Beiheft 11).</ref>, 27, 40]. In the ritual list of the 7 sons of Enmesharra <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu ša''<sub>2</sub> a.meš ku<sub>3</sub>.meš ''zu-u''<sub>2</sub> "Tutu who knows the pure waters" is equated with Kus, the deity of the constellation Mad Dog (see Kurtik u21 [[UR.IDIM]]) [Livingstone 1986<ref>''Livingstone A.'' Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.</ref>, 190, O 175:12]. | ||
<s>Sumerian star list — the only source in which <sup>d</sup>''Tu-tu'' appears as an astral deity. It is probably one of the names of Marduk associated with Jupiter, but an identification with Nabu (= Mercury) cannot be ruled out (see above). If the latter were to be considered as true, this text can be regarded as the earliest known mention of the planet Mercury in Mesopotamian sources (?).</s> | |||
==Historical Dictionaries== | ==Historical Dictionaries== | ||
Latest revision as of 11:16, 8 March 2026
Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, David Hilder, Wayne Horowitz, Susanne M Hoffmann, Euin Choung Kim
mul dTU.TU (𒀯𒀭𒌅𒌅) is a suggested restoration for a broken star-name in a Sumerian forerunner to the star-list of Urra XXII, to be dated no later than the Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE). As such, this is to early for the later identification of one of Marduk's asterisms (both planets and/or stars), for example Jupiter and Marduk. No astronomical significance for Marduk is attested until the time of the composition of Enuma Elish (ca. 1100 BCE, see Lambert 2013: ???, Horowitz 2014: 6-8). Given such uncertainty, even of reading of this only example of the star-name, no identification with any asterism is advisable. For the convenience of the user, a short discussion of the divine-name Tutu and its incorporation into the Marduk/Nabu tradition of Babylon and Borsippa is retained below.
Wayne check reading in Sum forerunner at University??
Concordance, Etymology, History[1]
= dTu-tu; one of the names of Marduk, as planet Jupiter or Mercury (?).
| Sources | Identifications |
|---|---|
| Lexical texts. |
Additional
Deity.
The deity dTu-tu has been known since the Old Akkadian periods [Roberts 1972[4], 54]. In Hammurabi's time, it was considered the city god of Borsippa: na-ra-am TU.TU / mu-ri-iš / urubar-zi-paki "Tutu's favorite, pleasing Borsippa" ZX (III 10-13) and in this period, apparently, was identified with Nabu. However, in the list of gods, both early and later, dTu-tu is invariably identified with Marduk, cf. [Weidner 1924-25[5], 74:28b; Genouillac 1923[6], 101, AO 5376 col. iii 8; Litke 1998[7], 91:196; KAV[8], 63 iii 35]. This is also mentioned in Enuma Elish (VII 9-34), as one of the 50 names of Marduk and as an independent deity in Shurpu's collection of spells (IV 65, VIII 27) [Reiner 1970[9], 27, 40]. In the ritual list of the 7 sons of Enmesharra dTu-tu ša2 a.meš ku3.meš zu-u2 "Tutu who knows the pure waters" is equated with Kus, the deity of the constellation Mad Dog (see Kurtik u21 UR.IDIM) [Livingstone 1986[10], 190, O 175:12].
Sumerian star list — the only source in which dTu-tu appears as an astral deity. It is probably one of the names of Marduk associated with Jupiter, but an identification with Nabu (= Mercury) cannot be ruled out (see above). If the latter were to be considered as true, this text can be regarded as the earliest known mention of the planet Mercury in Mesopotamian sources (?).
Historical Dictionaries
| Kurtik (2022, t06) | Gössmann (1950) |
|---|---|
| = dTu-tu; одно из имен Мардука как планеты Юпитер или Меркурий (?).
I. Источники. Лексич. тексты. Старовавилонский одноязычный шумерский список звезд: mul dT[U.TU] [MSL XI, 136, Forerunner 2, rev. ii 2]. В последнем издании текста вместо mul dT[U.TU] приводится mul dx [x] [Horowitz 2005, 167]. II. Божество. Божество dTu-tu известно со староаккадского времени [Roberts 1972, 54]. Во времена Хаммурапи считалось городским богом Борсиппы: na-ra-am TU.TU / mu-ri-iš / urubar-zi-paki «Любимец Туту, радующий Борсиппу» ЗХ (III 10–13) и, по-видимому, в этот период отождествлялось с Набу. Однако в списках богов как ранних, так и более поздних dTu-tu неизменно отождествляется с Мардуком, см. [Weidner 1924–25, 74:28b; Genouillac 1923, 101, AO 5376 col. iii 8; Litke 1998, 91:196; KAV, 63 iii 35]. Упоминается также среди 50 имен Мардука в поэме Энума Элиш (VII 9–34) и как самостоятельное божество в собрании заклинаний Шурпу (IV 65, VIII 27) [Reiner 1970, 27, 40]. В ритуальном списке 7 сыновей Энмешарры dTu-tu ša2 a.meš ku3.meš zu-u2 «Туту, который чистые воды знает» приравнивается Кусу, божеству созвездия Бешеный Пес (см. u21UR.IDIM) [Livingstone 1986, 190, О 175:12]. Шумерский список звезд — единственный источник, в котором dTu-tu выступает в роли астрального божества. Вероятно, это одно из имен Мардука, связанного с Юпитером, однако отождествления с Набу (= Меркурий) исключить также нельзя (см. выше). Если верно последнее, то данный текст можно рассматривать как самое раннее известное нам упоминание планеты Меркурий в месопотамских источниках (?). |
Example |
References
- ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
- ↑ Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = hubullu. Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.
- ↑ Horowitz, W. (2005). Some thoughts on Sumerian star-names and Sumerian astronomy. In Y. Sefati, P. Artzi, C. Cohen, B. L. Eichler, & V. A. Hurowitz (Eds.), An Experienced Scribe Who Neglects Nothing: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Jacob Klein (pp. 163-178). CDL Press.
- ↑ Roberts J.J.M. The Earliest Semitic Pantheon. Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins Univ. Press. 1972.
- ↑ Weidner E. Altbabylonische Götterlisten // AfO. 1924-1925. Bd. 2. S. 1-18, 71-82.
- ↑ Genouillac H. de. Grande liste de noms divins sumériens // RA. 1923. Vol. 20. P. 95-106.
- ↑ Litke R.L. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:dA-nu-um and AN:Anu ša2 amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).
- ↑ Schroeder O. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.
- ↑ Reiner E. Šurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations. Osnabrück, 1970 ( AfO, Beiheft 11).
- ↑ Livingstone A. Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.
