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<sup>mul</sup>GI.GI is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
==Dictionary==
----
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
__FORCETOC__
[G. 88, 230], the name of Saturn and Libra.
<sup>mul</sup>ZAG.GAR (𒀯𒍠𒃻) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism that only occurs in the commentary to the Urra XXII star-list, namely the series Urgud (Hg). Here the asterism is identified as the consort of the goddess [[Išḫara|<sup>d</sup>''Išḫara'']], who herself is identified with [[Scorpius]]. No identification with any specific star(s) is possible.    
{| class="wikitable"
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!Sources
!Identifications
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|'''Lexic. texts.'''
(1) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-tu<sub>2</sub> u me-šar = <sup>d</sup>sag.uš <sup>d</sup>utu "Star gi.gi = Star of truth and justice = Saturn, Shamash" [MSL XI, 40:39], later parallel: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-[tu<sub>2</sub> ...] [SpTU III, 116: Rs. iii 8]. (2) mulgi.[gi...] [CT 26, 50, K.12619 ii 4]; according to Koch's interpretation, text K.12619 ii 4-6: <sup>mul</sup>GI-[GI...] / kakkab kit-ti [u mi-ša-ri] / MUL MI <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>zi-ba-an-na] "Star GI.GI = Star of truth and justice = Dark star = Star of Libra" [Koch 1989, 60-61]. Planisphere K. 8538. In sector 6 the inscription: ˹<sup>mul</sup>GI-GI˺ and the figure of Libra(?) [Koch 1989, 59; Kurtik 2007, fig. 9].
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=== Additional ===
need to check in Litke and MSL XI????.      
         '''II. Identification.'''


         (1) = Saturn;
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
Star or constellation.


         (2) = constellation Librae = β(γ)λα2ισ Librae + 381G. Centauri, according to [Koch 1989, 79].
Occurs only in the Ḫg series. B VI:


         '''III. Astrology.'''
* <sup>mul</sup>zag.gar = (omission) = DAM <sup>d</sup>''be-let'' ˹EDIN˺ "Zaggar = (omission) = consort of the Lady of the plains(?)" [MSL XI<ref name=":0">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 41:53].


         (1) The Star of Truth has weakened; DIŠ MUL ki-tu<sub>4</sub> ŠER<sub>2</sub>.ŠER<sub>2</sub> KUR ARḪUŠ u SILIM-mu [...] "If the Star of Truth weakens: the country, of mercy and peace [...]" [ACh Ištar, 25:26].
In the same text, in a line above, the correspondence:  
 
         (2) The Star of Truth approaches the Crown of Anu; [DIŠ MUL ki-t]u<sub>4</sub> a-na <sup>mul</sup>AGA.AN.NA TE <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA KUR-ma "[If the Star of Truth] approaches the Crown of Anu, (this means): Saturn appears in the middle of the Celestial Bull." [ACh Ištar, 30:20].


* (omission) = <sup>d</sup>''al-ma-nu'' = DAM <sup>d</sup>''iš-ḫa-ra'' "Almanu = the wife of I''š''hara" [MSL XI<ref name=":0" />, 41:52].
* Cf. <sup>d</sup>Sag.˹gar˺ and <sup>d</sup>Al.ma.nu as I''š''hara's wife in the list of AN = <sup>d</sup>''Anum'' gods (IV 281, 283) [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 166]. See also (Kurtik i17) [[Išḫara|<sup>d</sup>''Išḫara'']].
== Historical Dictionaries ==  
== Historical Dictionaries ==  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022, z02)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)  
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)  
|-
|-
| [G. 88, 230], название Сатурна и Весов.
| звезда или созвездие. Встречается только в серии Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>zag.gar = (пропуск) = DAM <sup>d</sup>be-let ˹EDIN˺ «Заггар = (пропуск) = супруг госпожи равнины(?)» [MSL XI, 41:53]. В том же тексте строкой выше приводится соответствие: (пропуск) = <sup>d</sup>al-ma-nu = DAM <sup>d</sup>iš-ḫa-ra «Алману = муж Ишхары» [MSL XI, 41:52]. Ср. <sup>d</sup>Sag.˹gar˺ и <sup>d</sup>Al.ma.nu как мужья Ишхары в списке богов AN = <sup>d</sup>Anum (IV 281, 283) [Litke 1998, 166]. См. также i17<sup>d</sup>Išḫara.
I. Источники.
 
Лексич. тексты. (1) Серия Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-tu<sub>2</sub> u me-šar = <sup>d</sup>sag.uš <sup>d</sup>utu «Звезда gi.gi = Звезда правды и справедливости = Сатурн, Шамаш» [MSL XI, 40:39],  поздняя параллель: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-[tu<sub>2</sub> …] [SpTU III, 116: Rs. iii 8]. (2) <sup>mul</sup>gi.[gi…] [CT 26, 50, K.12619 ii 4]; согласно интерпретации Коха, текст K.12619 ii 4-6: <sup>mul</sup>GI-[GI…] / kakkab kit-ti [u mi-ša-ri] / MUL MI <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>zi-ba-an-na] «Звезда GI.GI = Звезда правды и справедливости = Темная звезда = Звезда Весы» [Koch 1989, 60–61]. Планисферa K. 8538. В секторе 6 надпись: ˹<sup>mul</sup>GI-GI˺ и изображение фигуры Весов(?) [Koch 1989, 59; Куртик 2007, рис. 9].
 
II. Отождествление.
 
(1)  = Сатурн;
 
(2)  = созвездие Весы = β(γ)λα2ισ Librae + 381G. Centauri, согласно [Koch 1989, 79].
 
III. Астрология.
 
(1) Звезда Правды ослабела; DIŠ MUL ki-tu<sub>4</sub> ŠER<sub>2</sub>.ŠER<sub>2</sub> KUR ARḪUŠ u SILIM-mu […] «Если Звезда Правды ослабела: странa милосердие и мир […]» [ACh Ištar, 25:26].
 
(2) Звезда Правды приближается к Короне Ану; [DIŠ MUL ki-t]u<sub>4</sub> a-na <sup>mul</sup>AGA.AN.NA TE <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA KUR-ma «[Если Звезда Прав]ды к Короне Ану приближается, (это означает): Сатурн в середине Небесного Быка появляется» [ACh Ištar, 30:20].
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Latest revision as of 10:21, 8 April 2026

Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Wayne Horowitz, Susanne M Hoffmann

mulZAG.GAR (𒀯𒍠𒃻) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism that only occurs in the commentary to the Urra XXII star-list, namely the series Urgud (Hg). Here the asterism is identified as the consort of the goddess dIšḫara, who herself is identified with Scorpius. No identification with any specific star(s) is possible.

need to check in Litke and MSL XI????.

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

Star or constellation.

Occurs only in the Ḫg series. B VI:

  • mulzag.gar = (omission) = DAM dbe-let ˹EDIN˺ "Zaggar = (omission) = consort of the Lady of the plains(?)" [MSL XI[2], 41:53].

In the same text, in a line above, the correspondence:

  • (omission) = dal-ma-nu = DAM diš-ḫa-ra "Almanu = the wife of Išhara" [MSL XI[2], 41:52].
  • Cf. dSag.˹gar˺ and dAl.ma.nu as Išhara's wife in the list of AN = dAnum gods (IV 281, 283) [Litke 1998[3], 166]. See also (Kurtik i17) dIšḫara.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, z02) Gössmann (1950)
звезда или созвездие. Встречается только в серии Ḫg. B VI: mulzag.gar = (пропуск) = DAM dbe-let ˹EDIN˺ «Заггар = (пропуск) = супруг госпожи равнины(?)» [MSL XI, 41:53]. В том же тексте строкой выше приводится соответствие: (пропуск) = dal-ma-nu = DAM diš-ḫa-ra «Алману = муж Ишхары» [MSL XI, 41:52]. Ср. dSag.˹gar˺ и dAl.ma.nu как мужья Ишхары в списке богов AN = dAnum (IV 281, 283) [Litke 1998, 166]. См. также i17dIšḫara. Example

References

  1. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = hubullu. Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.
  3. ↑ Litke R.L. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:dA-nu-um and AN:Anu ša2 amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).
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