Jawza: Difference between revisions
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:al-Jawza (الجوزاء)}} | |||
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Jawza (الجوزاء)}} | |||
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}} | Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}} | ||
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al-Jawza is an Arabic/ Arabian | al-Jawza (الجوزاء) is an Arabic/ Arabian constellation | ||
<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref> | <ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref> | ||
<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.</ref> | <ref>Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.</ref> | ||
<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref> | <ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref> The huge figure is the origin of several modern star names such as [[Betelgeuse]], [[Arshaljawza]], [[Kursialjawza]], [[Siwarha]]. | ||
==Concordance, Etymology, History== | ==Concordance, Etymology, History== | ||
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[[File:Jawza laffitte2025 sufi+.jpg.png|thumb|Jawza in Arabic manuscripts: left the Greek "Orion", right the indigenous Arabian Jawza (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]] | |||
Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>), in his chapter on Orion (p. 331) writes: <blockquote>''By adopting the Greek sky, Arab astronomers of the classical period took up the Greek figure by borrowing its Syriac name, Gambara, ‘the Giant’, which gives al-Ğabbar. But this new name could not displace, in the Arab imagination, the well-established figure of al-Ğawzā’ ‘Elgeuze’, which literally means ‘the Median’, because it stands ‘in the middle’ of the sky (see infra, Fig. 68a and b)''</blockquote>The following star names are derived from it: | Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>), in his chapter on Orion (p. 331) writes: <blockquote>''By adopting the Greek sky, Arab astronomers of the classical period took up the Greek figure by borrowing its Syriac name, Gambara, ‘the Giant’, which gives al-Ğabbar. But this new name could not displace, in the Arab imagination, the well-established figure of al-Ğawzā’ ‘Elgeuze’, which literally means ‘the Median’, because it stands ‘in the middle’ of the sky (see infra, Fig. 68a and b)''</blockquote> | ||
[[File:Jawza laffitte202 kursiX5.jpg|thumb|Jawza with adjacent asterisms (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]] | |||
The following star names are derived from it: | |||
* '''''Cursa''''' ''[Post.]'' ''(τ Ori : 3,59)'' / ['''الجبّار'''] '''كرسي''' '''.''' Although it has recently appeared, albeit unsuccessfully, under the name given by Piazzi to ''β Eri'' (see that star), this refers to the Arabic ''Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Mu’aḫḫhar'', ‘the Posterior Footrest of Elgeuze’, which in fact designates the group ''αβγδ Lep.'' Arabic: ''Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Mu’aḫḫar,'' ‘the Anterior Footrest of Elgeuze’, al-Ṣūfī > ''‘Cúrsa AlGjauzâ AlMuácchera’'', Hyde. Then ''Cursa'' for ''τ Ori'': ''New Standard Dict.'' and Werner & Schmeidler. No further mention. | * '''''Cursa''''' ''[Post.]'' ''(τ Ori : 3,59)'' / ['''الجبّار'''] '''كرسي''' '''.''' Although it has recently appeared, albeit unsuccessfully, under the name given by Piazzi to ''β Eri'' (see that star), this refers to the Arabic ''Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Mu’aḫḫhar'', ‘the Posterior Footrest of Elgeuze’, which in fact designates the group ''αβγδ Lep.'' Arabic: ''Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Mu’aḫḫar,'' ‘the Anterior Footrest of Elgeuze’, al-Ṣūfī > ''‘Cúrsa AlGjauzâ AlMuácchera’'', Hyde. Then ''Cursa'' for ''τ Ori'': ''New Standard Dict.'' and Werner & Schmeidler. No further mention. | ||
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* '''''Kursialzawza''''' | * '''''Kursialzawza''''' | ||
==Discussion== | === Discussion (various authors) === | ||
==IAU Working Group Star Names== | ==IAU Working Group Star Names== | ||
Latest revision as of 07:43, 26 March 2026
Authors: Roland Laffitte
al-Jawza (الجوزاء) is an Arabic/ Arabian constellation [1] [2] [3] The huge figure is the origin of several modern star names such as Betelgeuse, Arshaljawza (عرش الجوزاء), Kursialjawza (كرسي الجوزاء), Siwarha.
Concordance, Etymology, History
Adams (2018),[4] pp. xx-xx.
...
per Khalid AlAjaji
...
Laffitte (2012[5], 2025[6]), in his chapter on Orion (p. 331) writes:
By adopting the Greek sky, Arab astronomers of the classical period took up the Greek figure by borrowing its Syriac name, Gambara, ‘the Giant’, which gives al-Ğabbar. But this new name could not displace, in the Arab imagination, the well-established figure of al-Ğawzā’ ‘Elgeuze’, which literally means ‘the Median’, because it stands ‘in the middle’ of the sky (see infra, Fig. 68a and b)
The following star names are derived from it:
- Cursa [Post.] (τ Ori : 3,59) / [الجبّار] كرسي . Although it has recently appeared, albeit unsuccessfully, under the name given by Piazzi to β Eri (see that star), this refers to the Arabic Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Mu’aḫḫhar, ‘the Posterior Footrest of Elgeuze’, which in fact designates the group αβγδ Lep. Arabic: Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Mu’aḫḫar, ‘the Anterior Footrest of Elgeuze’, al-Ṣūfī > ‘Cúrsa AlGjauzâ AlMuácchera’, Hyde. Then Cursa for τ Ori: New Standard Dict. and Werner & Schmeidler. No further mention.
- Cursa [Ant.] (β Eri : 2,78) / ] [الجوزاء كرسي. Coined by Piazzi and now recognised by the IAU, this name derives from the Arabic Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Muqaddam, ‘the Anterior Footrest of Elgeuze’, which is the name given to the square formed by the group τ Ori and λβψ Eri in the traditional Arabic sky. Arabic Kursī l-Ğawzā’, Ibn Qutayba, Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Muqaddam, ‘the Anterior Throne of Elgeuze’, al-Ṣūfī for τ Ori and λβψ Eri as opposed to that of the αβγδ Lep group, which is named Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Mu’aḫḫar, ‘the Posterior Throne of Elgeuze ’ (see Eri), hence ‘Cúrsa AlGjauzâ AlMutakáddem’, Hyde > Cursa, Piazzi, Fr.: Francœur. Cursa, Allen, etc., Simbad, UAI. Var.: Kursa, Nit. 01
- Kursi al Jabbar (γ Lep: 3.6) / الجبّار كرسي. Coined at the end of the 20thth century, this is Kursī l-Ğabbār, ‘the Giant’s Footstool’, a later designation for the αβγδ Lep group57, featuring a Greco-Arabic name (al-Ğabbār) within the traditional celestial sphere (Kursī).
- Arsh al-Jauzah (δ Lep : 3,8) / أرش .
- Kursialzawza
Discussion (various authors)
IAU Working Group Star Names
Weblinks
Reference
- ↑ Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab). Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.
- ↑ Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
- ↑ al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn. Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.
- ↑ Danielle Adams, Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise, 2018
- ↑ Roland Laffitte, Le ciel des Arabes, 2012
- ↑ Roland Laffitte, Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe, Orient des Mots, 2025 (online)
