Alfarasalkamil: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Alfarasalkamil profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg|thumb|Alfarasalkamil profile card (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour, OAE Iran).]] | [[File:Alfarasalkamil profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg|thumb|Alfarasalkamil profile card (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour, OAE Iran).]] | ||
Alfarasalkamil (الفرس الكامل), "The Complete Horse", is a modern star name given by the IAU in May 2025. It resembles an old and now obsolete constellation in | Alfarasalkamil (الفرس الكامل), "The Complete Horse", is a modern star name given by the IAU in May 2025. It resembles an old and now obsolete constellation in al-Ṣūfī and is adopted for the star ο And (HIP 113726) in constellation [[Andromeda]]; please also see [[Al Faras]]. | ||
==Etymology and History== | ==Etymology and History== | ||
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[[File:AlFaras asSufi1175.jpg|thumb|Al Faras al Kamil (the complete horse) in the earliest copies of as-Sufi's manuscript (12th century), reconstruction by Khalid Al-Ajaji for Stellarium.]] | [[File:AlFaras asSufi1175.jpg|thumb|Al Faras al Kamil (the complete horse) in the earliest copies of as-Sufi's manuscript (12th century), reconstruction by Khalid Al-Ajaji for Stellarium.]] | ||
[[File:And+horse+camel ArabianSky.png|thumb|The Indigenous Arabian constellations of The Horse and The Camel next to the adopted Syrian constellation of the Love Goddess with a Fish ([[Andromeda]]) in an al-Sufi manuscript dating AH 519/ 1125 CE, copied by 'Ali bin 'Abd al-Jalil bin 'Ali bin Muhammad. [https://biennale.org.sa/en/biennales/islamic-arts-biennale/islamic-arts-biennale-2025 Islamic Arts Biennale 2025 exhibition]: of al-Faras al-Kamil and al-Naqa. (Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar. MS.2.1998), study by [https://www.academia.edu/11565988/The_Most_Authoritative_Copy_of_%CA%BFAbd_al_Rahman_al_Sufi_s_Tenth_century_Guide_to_the_Constellations_In_God_is_Beautiful_He_Loves_Beauty_The_Object_in_Islamic_Art_and_Culture_ed_by_Sheila_Blair_and_Jonathan_Bloom_New_Haven_Yale_UP_2013_pp_122_155 Emilie Savage-Smith (2013)].]] | [[File:And+horse+camel ArabianSky.png|thumb|The Indigenous Arabian constellations of The Horse and The Camel next to the adopted Syrian constellation of the Love Goddess with a Fish ([[Andromeda]]) in an al-Sufi manuscript dating AH 519/ 1125 CE, copied by 'Ali bin 'Abd al-Jalil bin 'Ali bin Muhammad. [https://biennale.org.sa/en/biennales/islamic-arts-biennale/islamic-arts-biennale-2025 Islamic Arts Biennale 2025 exhibition]: of al-Faras al-Kamil and al-Naqa. (Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar. MS.2.1998), study by [https://www.academia.edu/11565988/The_Most_Authoritative_Copy_of_%CA%BFAbd_al_Rahman_al_Sufi_s_Tenth_century_Guide_to_the_Constellations_In_God_is_Beautiful_He_Loves_Beauty_The_Object_in_Islamic_Art_and_Culture_ed_by_Sheila_Blair_and_Jonathan_Bloom_New_Haven_Yale_UP_2013_pp_122_155 Emilie Savage-Smith (2013)].]] | ||
In contrast to the ancient Greek constellation "The Horse" (now called [[Pegasus]]) which has always been depicted halved, this constellation of A Horse in | In contrast to the ancient Greek constellation "The Horse" (now called [[Pegasus]]) which has always been depicted halved, this constellation of A Horse in al-Ṣūfī is smaller and complete. It overlaps only partially with Pegasus. It is certainly attested in al-Ṣūfī but its origin is currently unclear: | ||
Perhaps it was al- | Perhaps it was al-Ṣūfī's creation, or perhaps contemporary with him. Alternatively, it might be even earlier but unreported previously. It is even possible that the Arabian tradition roots in or connects to the Babylonian one which had a horse ([[ANŠE.KUR.RA]]) in that area of the sky, but we don't know where exactly: it must be north of the Pegasus-square and the identification suggestions range from the Cas/Peg-area to Cep/Dra north of Cygnus. The most telling reference is MUL.APIN line I i 30 (which carries almost no information on the position, but the other texts are too broken to derive anything). The Arabian [[Al Faras|الفرس (al Faras)]] could at least be inspired by a Babylonian predecessor. | ||
==Mythology== | ==Mythology== | ||
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* [[References|References (general)]] | * [[References|References (general)]] | ||
* [[References (Medieval and Early Modern)|References (early modern)]] | * [[References (Medieval and Early Modern)|References (early modern)]] | ||
[[Category:IAU-Star Name]] | [[Category:IAU-Star Name]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:07, 17 February 2026
Authors: Susanne M Hoffmann
Alfarasalkamil (الفرس الكامل), "The Complete Horse", is a modern star name given by the IAU in May 2025. It resembles an old and now obsolete constellation in al-Ṣūfī and is adopted for the star ο And (HIP 113726) in constellation Andromeda; please also see Al Faras ( الفرس ).
Etymology and History
In contrast to the ancient Greek constellation "The Horse" (now called Pegasus) which has always been depicted halved, this constellation of A Horse in al-Ṣūfī is smaller and complete. It overlaps only partially with Pegasus. It is certainly attested in al-Ṣūfī but its origin is currently unclear:
Perhaps it was al-Ṣūfī's creation, or perhaps contemporary with him. Alternatively, it might be even earlier but unreported previously. It is even possible that the Arabian tradition roots in or connects to the Babylonian one which had a horse (ANŠE.KUR.RA) in that area of the sky, but we don't know where exactly: it must be north of the Pegasus-square and the identification suggestions range from the Cas/Peg-area to Cep/Dra north of Cygnus. The most telling reference is MUL.APIN line I i 30 (which carries almost no information on the position, but the other texts are too broken to derive anything). The Arabian الفرس (al Faras) could at least be inspired by a Babylonian predecessor.
Mythology
In MUL.APIN, the Horse (ANŠE.KUR.RA) belongs to the entourage of the storm daemon UD.KA.DU8.A (𒌓𒅗𒂃𒀀), and the group likely designated the stormy season for astronomers of the 2nd millennium BCE, as its heliacal rise occurs in the same time of the year that the Greek Aratus announces as stormy season (with totally different asterisms).[1]
IAU Working Group on Star Names
The name was discussed and approved by the IAU WGSN in 2025.
Weblinks
Reference
- ↑ Hoffmann, S.M. (2024): Standing and Sitting Gods of MUL.APIN, Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 27(2), 261-272
