Qigong: Difference between revisions
Boshunyang (talk | contribs) Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE: Qigong (七公)}} Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}} ---- Chinese constellation. == Concordance, Etymology, History == ... === Identification of stars === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Star Names or Orders(Traditional/Qing) !Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref> !Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒..." |
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Chinese | ''Qī Gōng'' (Seven Excellencies, 七公) is a Chinese asterism composed of seven stars. Its configuration resembles that of ''[[Tianji]]'' (Celestial Discipline, 天紀), forming an east–west alignment that stretches across the modern constellations ''Hercules'', ''Corona Borealis'', and ''Boötes''. The coordinate of its determinative star was first measured in the Western Han period (around 100 BCE), indicating that the asterism has existed for at least twenty-one centuries. | ||
== Concordance, Etymology, History == | == Concordance, Etymology, History == | ||
... | The name ''Qigong'' (“Seven Dukes”) refers to a group of high-ranking officials responsible for deliberation and judicial review. As explained in the ''Shì shi zan'' (Star Canon of Master Shi, 石氏星經):<blockquote>“The Seven Dukes deliberate on doubts and distinguish good from evil; they serve as the ministers who administer justice in Heaven.”</blockquote>The asterism symbolically comprises the officials ''Sān Gōng'' (Three Excellencies，三公), ''Zuǒ Fǔ'' (Left Assistant，左辅), ''Yòu Bì'' (Right Aide，右弼), ''Qián Yí'' (Front Counselor，前疑), and ''Hòu Chéng'' (Rear Minister，后丞). Together they were imagined as adjudicating doubtful legal cases, examining punishments, and ensuring careful judicial deliberation. Astrological interpretation held that if the stars appeared orderly and bright, the laws of the state would be just and well administered; if they appeared irregular(in position or brightness), wrongful judgments and miscarriages of justice would increase. | ||
The ''Wei shu'' (Book of Wei, 魏書), juan 91 (“Treatise on Arts and Techniques”), explicitly associates ''Qī Gōng'' with ''Guàn Suǒ'' (Heavenly Prison, 貫索):<blockquote>“The Seven Dukes, seven stars, lie east of ''Zhāo Yáo'' and close to ''Guàn Suǒ''. ''Guàn Suǒ'' represents the celestial prison; when punishments and judgments lose their proper balance, the Seven Dukes deliberate and rectify injustices.”</blockquote>In addition, the asterism ''Tiān Jì'' (Celestial Discipline, 天紀) lies immediately to the lower left of ''Qī Gōng''. Together, these three asterisms form a closely related symbolic complex representing the judicial institutions of Heaven. | |||
=== Identification of stars === | === Identification of stars === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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!historical map | !historical map | ||
!modern identification | !modern identification | ||
(Yang 2023) | !same in Stellarium | ||
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|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Dunhuang Star Map.jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo in Dunhuang Star Map]] | |||
|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo before Tang dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang based on Dunhuang Star Map and Master Shi's Star Catalogue (about 100 BCE).jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo before Tang dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang(2023) based on Dunhuang Star Map and Master Shi's Star Catalogue (about 100 BCE)]] | |||
|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo before Tang dynasty reconstructed based on Dun Huang Star Map and Master Shi's Star Catalogue (about 100 BCE).jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo before Tang dynasty reconstructed based on Dun Huang Star Map and Master Shi's Star Catalogue (about 100 BCE)]] | |||
|- | |||
|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido.jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo in ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'']] | |||
| | |||
|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo before Tang dynasty based on Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido (by Boshun Yang).jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo before Tang dynasty based on ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'' (by Boshun Yang)]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Gezi yuejin tu.jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo in ''Gezi yuejin tu'']] | ||
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|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Tang dynasty (8th century) reconstructed based on Gezi yuejin tu by Boshun Yang.jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo in Tang dynasty (8th century) reconstructed based on ''Gezi yuejin tu'' by Boshun Yang]] | |||
|- | |||
|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Xin yixiang fayao Star Map.jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo in ''Xin yixiang fayao'' Star Map]] | |||
|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Song dynasty reconstructed by Pan Nai.jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo in Song dynasty reconstructed by Pan Nai based on ''Xin yixiang fayao'' Star Map and Huangyou Star Catalogue]] | |||
|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Song dynasty reconstructed by Pan Nai (in Stellarium).jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo in Song dynasty reconstructed by Pan Nai (in Stellarium)]] | |||
|- | |||
|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Suzhou Star Map.jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo in Suzhou Star Map]] | |||
|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Song dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang based on Suzhou Star Map and Huangyou Star Catalogue (about 1052 CE).jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo in Song dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang(2023) based on Suzhou Star Map and Huangyou Star Catalogue (about 1052 CE)]] | |||
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|[[File:Qigong in Yuan dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang based on Tianwen huichao Star Catalogue (1360s).jpg|thumb|Qigong in Yuan dynasty reconstructed by Boshun Yang based on ''Tianwen huichao'' Star Catalogue (1360s)]] | |||
|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Yuan dynasty (1360s) in Stellarium.jpg|thumb|'''Qigong and Guansuo in Yuan dynasty (1360s) in Stellarium''']] | |||
|- | |||
|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Yixiang kaocheng Stat Map (18th century).jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo in ''Yixiang kaocheng'' Stat Map (18th century)]] | |||
|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Qing dynasty reconstructed by YI Shitong based on Yixiang kaocheng Star Catalogue (18th century).jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo in Qing dynasty reconstructed by YI Shitong based on ''Yixiang kaocheng'' Star Catalogue (18th century)]] | |||
|[[File:Qigong and Guansuo in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium.jpg|thumb|Qigong and Guansuo in Qing dynasty (18th century) in Stellarium]] | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 10:12, 4 March 2026
Authors: Boshun YANG
Qī Gōng (Seven Excellencies, 七公) is a Chinese asterism composed of seven stars. Its configuration resembles that of Tianji (天纪) (Celestial Discipline, 天紀), forming an east–west alignment that stretches across the modern constellations Hercules, Corona Borealis, and Boötes. The coordinate of its determinative star was first measured in the Western Han period (around 100 BCE), indicating that the asterism has existed for at least twenty-one centuries.
Concordance, Etymology, History
The name Qigong (“Seven Dukes”) refers to a group of high-ranking officials responsible for deliberation and judicial review. As explained in the Shì shi zan (Star Canon of Master Shi, 石氏星經):
“The Seven Dukes deliberate on doubts and distinguish good from evil; they serve as the ministers who administer justice in Heaven.”
The asterism symbolically comprises the officials Sān Gōng (Three Excellencies，三公), Zuǒ Fǔ (Left Assistant，左辅), Yòu Bì (Right Aide，右弼), Qián Yí (Front Counselor，前疑), and Hòu Chéng (Rear Minister，后丞). Together they were imagined as adjudicating doubtful legal cases, examining punishments, and ensuring careful judicial deliberation. Astrological interpretation held that if the stars appeared orderly and bright, the laws of the state would be just and well administered; if they appeared irregular(in position or brightness), wrongful judgments and miscarriages of justice would increase. The Wei shu (Book of Wei, 魏書), juan 91 (“Treatise on Arts and Techniques”), explicitly associates Qī Gōng with Guàn Suǒ (Heavenly Prison, 貫索):
“The Seven Dukes, seven stars, lie east of Zhāo Yáo and close to Guàn Suǒ. Guàn Suǒ represents the celestial prison; when punishments and judgments lose their proper balance, the Seven Dukes deliberate and rectify injustices.”
In addition, the asterism Tiān Jì (Celestial Discipline, 天紀) lies immediately to the lower left of Qī Gōng. Together, these three asterisms form a closely related symbolic complex representing the judicial institutions of Heaven.
Identification of stars
| Star Names or Orders(Traditional/Qing) | Ho PENG YOKE[1] | Yi Shitong[2]
Based on catalogue in 18th century |
Pan Nai[3]
based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map |
Pan Nai[4]
based on catalogues in Yuan dynasty |
SUN X. & J. Kistemaker[5]
Han Dynasty |
Boshun Yang[6]
before Tang dynasty |
Boshun Yang[6]
Song Jingyou(1034) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st/4th | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| 2nd/3rd | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| 3rd/2nd | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| 4th/1st | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
Maps (Gallery)
| historical map | modern identification | same in Stellarium |
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_reconstructed_based_on_Gezi_yuejin_tu_by_Boshun_Yang.jpg) | |
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Star Name Discussion (IAU)
In 202x, the name of the historical constellation "xxx" was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. ...
Decision: ...
References
- ↑ P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” Vistas in Astronomy, 5(1962), 127-225.
- ↑ Yi Shitong伊世同. Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.
- ↑ Pan Nai潘鼐. Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.
- ↑ Pan Nai潘鼐. Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 2009. p443.
- ↑ Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. The Chinese sky during the Han. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.
