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Occurrences in early Arabic astronomical, poetic, and cosmographical literature, with particular attention to constellation and anwāʾ texts.
Occurrences in early Arabic astronomical, poetic, and cosmographical literature, with particular attention to constellation and anwāʾ texts.


# Ibn Qutaybah (d. 889 CE), pp. 45–46.<ref name=":0" />
# Ibn Qutaybah (d. 889 CE), pp. 45–46.<ref name=":0" />– Classifies al‑Jawzāʾ among the southern (Yamānī) constellations, notes its alternative name al‑Jabbār (“the Giant / the Mighty One”), likened to a king seated on a throne, and describes Kursi al‑Jawzāʾ as four stars forming an irregular quadrilateral beneath Orion.
# Al‑Marzūqī (d. 1030 CE), 2nd vol., p. 246.<ref>Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (d. 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), critical edition by dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon.</ref> – States that beneath each of Orion’s legs there is a set of four stars termed ''Kursi al‑Jawzāʾ'' and notes that one of the two “chairs” is more conspicuous than the other.
# Al-Ṣūfī (ʿAbd  al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī, (d. 986 CE), Kitāb al-Kawākib, p. 740.<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. ''Kitāb al-kawākib.'' Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition 2021. ([https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr?usp=drive_link online])</ref> – in his description of ''al-Arnab'' ''(Lepus)'', states that the Arabs designated the seventh through tenth stars of Lepus—those located on its body—as ''Kursi al-Jawzāʾ al-Muʾakhkhar'' and ''ʿArsh al-Jawzāʾ'' because they lie between Orion’s two feet, in the position corresponding to a throne. Some works on ''al-Anwāʾ'' (“seasonal star risings”) also refer to these stars as ''al-Nihāl''.


– Classifies al‑Jawzāʾ among the southern (Yamānī) constellations, notes its alternative name al‑Jabbār (“the Giant / the Mighty One”), likened to a king seated on a throne, and describes Kursi al‑Jawzāʾ as four stars forming an irregular quadrilateral beneath Orion.
# Al‑Marzūqī (d. 1030 CE), 2nd vol., p. 246.<ref>Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (d. 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), critical edition by dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon.</ref>
– States that beneath each of Orion’s legs there is a set of four stars termed ''Kursi al‑Jawzāʾ'' and notes that one of the two “chairs” is more conspicuous than the other.
# Al-Ṣūfī (ʿAbd  al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī, (d. 986 CE), Kitāb al-Kawākib, p. 740.<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. ''Kitāb al-kawākib.'' Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition 2021. ([https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr?usp=drive_link online])</ref>
– in his description of ''al-Arnab'' ''(Lepus)'', states that the Arabs designated the seventh through tenth stars of Lepus—those located on its body—as ''Kursi al-Jawzāʾ al-Muʾakhkhar'' and ''ʿArsh al-Jawzāʾ'' because they lie between Orion’s two feet, in the position corresponding to a throne. Some works on ''al-Anwāʾ'' (“seasonal star risings”) also refer to these stars as ''al-Nihāl''.


Roland Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>) writes: <blockquote>'''''Arsh al-Jauzah (δ Lep : 3,8) /'' أرش''' Introduit à la fin du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, ce nom est ''<sup>c</sup>Arš al-Ğawzā’'', « le Repose-pied d’Elgeuze », qui correspond au groupe ''αβγδ Lep'' (voir aussi <sup> </sup>''α Lep''). Ar. ''<sup>c</sup>Arš al-Ğawzā’'', al-Ṣūfī p/ ''αβγδ Lep'' > ''‘Arsh AlGjauza’'', Hyde, noté ''Arsh'' p/ ''α Lep'', Allen. ''Arsh al-Jauzah,'' Rhoads. NB : cette étoile est en turc ''Ricl-ül-erneb-üş-şimâlî'' , soit « le Pied septentrional du Lièvre », tiré d’un traité en langue turque c/ Pultar. </blockquote><blockquote>'''''Arsh al-Jauzah (δ Lep: 3.8) /'' أرش''' Introduced at the end of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, this name is ''<sup>c</sup>Arš al-Ğawzā’'', ‘Elgeuze’s Footrest’, which corresponds to the ''αβγδ Lep'' group (see also  ''α Lep''). Ar. ''<sup>c</sup>Arš al-Ğawzā’'', al-Ṣūfī p/ ''αβγδ Lep'' > ''‘Arsh AlGjauza’'', Hyde, noted as ''Arsh'' p/ ''α Lep'', Allen. ''Arsh al-Jauzah,'' Rhoads. NB: this star is known in Turkish as ''Ricl-ül-erneb-üş-şimâlî'', meaning ‘the Northern Foot of the Hare’, taken from a treatise in Turkish c/ Pultar. </blockquote>
Roland Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>) writes: <blockquote>'''''Arsh al-Jauzah (δ Lep : 3,8) /'' أرش''' Introduit à la fin du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, ce nom est ''<sup>c</sup>Arš al-Ğawzā’'', « le Repose-pied d’Elgeuze », qui correspond au groupe ''αβγδ Lep'' (voir aussi <sup> </sup>''α Lep''). Ar. ''<sup>c</sup>Arš al-Ğawzā’'', al-Ṣūfī p/ ''αβγδ Lep'' > ''‘Arsh AlGjauza’'', Hyde, noté ''Arsh'' p/ ''α Lep'', Allen. ''Arsh al-Jauzah,'' Rhoads. NB : cette étoile est en turc ''Ricl-ül-erneb-üş-şimâlî'' , soit « le Pied septentrional du Lièvre », tiré d’un traité en langue turque c/ Pultar. </blockquote><blockquote>'''''Arsh al-Jauzah (δ Lep: 3.8) /'' أرش''' Introduced at the end of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, this name is ''<sup>c</sup>Arš al-Ğawzā’'', ‘Elgeuze’s Footrest’, which corresponds to the ''αβγδ Lep'' group (see also  ''α Lep''). Ar. ''<sup>c</sup>Arš al-Ğawzā’'', al-Ṣūfī p/ ''αβγδ Lep'' > ''‘Arsh AlGjauza’'', Hyde, noted as ''Arsh'' p/ ''α Lep'', Allen. ''Arsh al-Jauzah,'' Rhoads. NB: this star is known in Turkish as ''Ricl-ül-erneb-üş-şimâlî'', meaning ‘the Northern Foot of the Hare’, taken from a treatise in Turkish c/ Pultar. </blockquote>

Revision as of 10:47, 26 March 2026


Authors: Khalid Al-Ajaji, Susanne M Hoffmann, Roland Laffitte

Arshaljawza (عرش الجوزاء), the Throne of Al Jawza, is an Arabian asterism [1] [2] [3]

Concordance, Etymology, History

Adams (2018),[4] pp. xx-xx.

...

Khalid AlAjaji

Jawza with adjacent asterisms (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).

Concordance

Headword (Arabic): عَرْشُ الجَوْزَاءِ

Transliteration: ʿArsh al‑Jawzāʾ

IPA: ʕurʃul.dʒaw.zaːʔ

Gloss: “The Throne of al‑Jawzāʾ” – a quadrilateral asterism beneath the feet of al‑Jawzāʾ (Orion). Within the constellation al-Arnab (Lepus) lie four stars arranged in a quadrilateral pattern that Arabs referred to as ʿArsh al-Jawzāʾ (“the Throne of al-Jawzāʾ”) and Kursi al-Jawzāʾ al-Muʾakhkhar (“the Rear Chair of al-Jawzāʾ”). These designations derive from their position below the feet of al-Jawzāʾ (Orion). The “rear” qualifier distinguishes this group from the Front Chair of al-Jawzāʾ (al-Muqaddam), located within the constellation al-Nahr (Eridanus), which similarly consists of four stars in an analogous configuration near Orion’s left foot.

Corpus and scope:

Occurrences in early Arabic astronomical, poetic, and cosmographical literature, with particular attention to constellation and anwāʾ texts.

  1. Ibn Qutaybah (d. 889 CE), pp. 45–46.[1]– Classifies al‑Jawzāʾ among the southern (Yamānī) constellations, notes its alternative name al‑Jabbār (“the Giant / the Mighty One”), likened to a king seated on a throne, and describes Kursi al‑Jawzāʾ as four stars forming an irregular quadrilateral beneath Orion.
  2. Al‑Marzūqī (d. 1030 CE), 2nd vol., p. 246.[5] – States that beneath each of Orion’s legs there is a set of four stars termed Kursi al‑Jawzāʾ and notes that one of the two “chairs” is more conspicuous than the other.
  3. Al-Ṣūfī (ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī, (d. 986 CE), Kitāb al-Kawākib, p. 740.[6] – in his description of al-Arnab (Lepus), states that the Arabs designated the seventh through tenth stars of Lepus—those located on its body—as Kursi al-Jawzāʾ al-Muʾakhkhar and ʿArsh al-Jawzāʾ because they lie between Orion’s two feet, in the position corresponding to a throne. Some works on al-Anwāʾ (“seasonal star risings”) also refer to these stars as al-Nihāl.


Roland Laffitte (2012[7], 2025[8]) writes:

Arsh al-Jauzah (δ Lep : 3,8) / أرش Introduit à la fin du XXe siècle, ce nom est cArš al-Ğawzā’, « le Repose-pied d’Elgeuze », qui correspond au groupe αβγδ Lep (voir aussi  α Lep). Ar. cArš al-Ğawzā’, al-Ṣūfī p/ αβγδ Lep > ‘Arsh AlGjauza’, Hyde, noté Arsh p/ α Lep, Allen. Arsh al-Jauzah, Rhoads. NB : cette étoile est en turc Ricl-ül-erneb-üş-şimâlî , soit « le Pied septentrional du Lièvre », tiré d’un traité en langue turque c/ Pultar.

Arsh al-Jauzah (δ Lep: 3.8) / أرش Introduced at the end of the 20th century, this name is cArš al-Ğawzā’, ‘Elgeuze’s Footrest’, which corresponds to the αβγδ Lep group (see also α Lep). Ar. cArš al-Ğawzā’, al-Ṣūfī p/ αβγδ Lep > ‘Arsh AlGjauza’, Hyde, noted as Arsh p/ α Lep, Allen. Arsh al-Jauzah, Rhoads. NB: this star is known in Turkish as Ricl-ül-erneb-üş-şimâlî, meaning ‘the Northern Foot of the Hare’, taken from a treatise in Turkish c/ Pultar.

Discussion

IAU Working Group Star Names

The name was suggested to WGSN in 2026.

Reference

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab). Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.
  2. ↑ Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
  3. ↑ al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn. Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.
  4. ↑ Danielle Adams, Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise, 2018
  5. ↑ Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (d. 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), critical edition by dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon.
  6. ↑ al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. Kitāb al-kawākib. Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition 2021. (online)
  7. ↑ Roland Laffitte, Le ciel des Arabes, 2012
  8. ↑ Roland Laffitte, Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe, Orient des Mots, 2025 (online)
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