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* = ''kayyamānu''(''m''), lit. "Constant, unchanging, lasting";  
* = ''kayyamānu''(''m''), lit. "Constant, unchanging, lasting";  
* = Saturn [Gössman 1950, 333]; the name reflects the slow character of Saturn's motion relative to the stars. See also (Kurtik a49)[[AŠ.ME]], (Kurtik g10) [[GENNA]], (Kurtik g11) [[GI.GI]], (Kurtik m24) [[MES.LAM.TA.E3.A|<sup>d</sup>MES.LAM.TA.E<sub>3</sub>.A]], (Kurtik n43) [[NIN.URTA|<sup>d</sup>NIN.URTA]], (Kurtik u09) [[UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ]].
* = Saturn [Gössman 1950<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 333]; the name reflects the slow character of Saturn's motion relative to the stars. See also (Kurtik a49)[[AŠ.ME]], (Kurtik g10) [[GENNA]], (Kurtik g11) [[GI.GI]], (Kurtik m24) [[MES.LAM.TA.E3.A|<sup>d</sup>MES.LAM.TA.E<sub>3</sub>.A]], (Kurtik n43) [[NIN.URTA|<sup>d</sup>NIN.URTA]], (Kurtik u09) [[UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ]].
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* (a) <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul ''kit-tu''<sub>2</sub> ''u me-šar'' = <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ <sup>d</sup>UTU "Star gi.gi = Star of truth and justice = Saturn, Shamash,"  
* (a) <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul ''kit-tu''<sub>2</sub> ''u me-šar'' = <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ <sup>d</sup>UTU "Star gi.gi = Star of truth and justice = Saturn, Shamash,"  
* (b) <sup>mul</sup>gi<sub>6</sub> = AN<sup>''ṣa-al-me''</sup> DUL<sub>3</sub> = min,  
* (b) <sup>mul</sup>gi<sub>6</sub> = AN<sup>''ṣa-al-me''</sup> DUL<sub>3</sub> = min,  
* (c) <sup>mul</sup>zi.ba.an.na = ''zi-ba-ni-tum'' = min [MSL XI, 40:39-41].
* (c) <sup>mul</sup>zi.ba.an.na = ''zi-ba-ni-tum'' = min [MSL XI<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 40:39-41].
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|'''EAE.'''  
|'''EAE.'''  
See. [BPO 3, 286; NSAM 2, 247; SpTU I, 84:9; SpTU V, 264 r. 2].  
See. [BPO 3<ref name=":0">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, 286; NSAM 2<ref>''Verderame L.'' Le Tavole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 247; SpTU I<ref name=":1">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 84:9; SpTU V<ref name=":2">''URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18''. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.</ref>, 264 r. 2].  
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|'''"Reports."'''  
|'''"Reports."'''  
See. [SAA 8, 491 r. 4].  
See. [SAA 8<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 491 r. 4].  
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|'''"Catalog of 30 stars".''' 
|'''"Catalog of 30 stars".''' 


* Anu. 3. MUL ''ša i-na'' ZI IM.ULU<sub>3</sub><sup>lu</sup> ''a-na'' IGI <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB GUB-''zu'' KI.GUB-''su''<sub>2</sub> ''ut''-˹''ta''˺-[''na-kar'' (...)] "The star which stands at the rising of the south wind, in front of 'Scorpius', constantly chang[ing] its position..." (A. 17). [MUL S]A<sub>5</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' ZI IM.ULU<sub>3</sub><sup>lu</sup> IGI-''it'' <sup>múl</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB GUB<sub>3</sub><sup>!</sup> MUL<sub>2</sub> UDU.IDIM: <sup>d</sup>''z''[''i-ba-ni-tum''] / [<sup>(mul)</sup>SA]G.UŠ<sup>!</sup> MUL ''bi-ib-bu zi-ba-ni-tum'' <sup>d</sup>UTU ''a''-˹''na''˺ [...] "The [re]d [star], which stands at the rising of the south wind and in front of Scorpius, is a planet: Li[bra, Sa]turn, the planet, Libra Shamash. For..." (B.17-18) [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, 178-179].
* Anu. 3. MUL ''ša i-na'' ZI IM.ULU<sub>3</sub><sup>lu</sup> ''a-na'' IGI <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB GUB-''zu'' KI.GUB-''su''<sub>2</sub> ''ut''-˹''ta''˺-[''na-kar'' (...)] "The star which stands at the rising of the south wind, in front of 'Scorpius', constantly chang[ing] its position..." (A. 17). [MUL S]A<sub>5</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' ZI IM.ULU<sub>3</sub><sup>lu</sup> IGI-''it'' <sup>múl</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB GUB<sub>3</sub><sup>!</sup> MUL<sub>2</sub> UDU.IDIM: <sup>d</sup>''z''[''i-ba-ni-tum''] / [<sup>(mul)</sup>SA]G.UŠ<sup>!</sup> MUL ''bi-ib-bu zi-ba-ni-tum'' <sup>d</sup>UTU ''a''-˹''na''˺ [...] "The [re]d [star], which stands at the rising of the south wind and in front of Scorpius, is a planet: Li[bra, Sa]turn, the planet, Libra Shamash. For..." (B.17-18) [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98<ref>''Oelsner J., Horowitz W.'' The 30-Star-Catalogue HS 1897 and The Late Parallel BM 55502 // AfO. 1997-1998. Bd. 44-45. S. 176-185.</ref>, 178-179].
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|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia."'''
|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia."'''
* List of planets: <sup>mul</sup>sag.uš before Mercury and Mars [Mesop.Astrol., App. B: 242].
* List of planets: <sup>mul</sup>sag.uš before Mercury and Mars [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B: 242].
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|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''  
|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''  
We find the designation SAG.UŠ and <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ in two early diaries. [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I, No. -681:8, -567:2], then GENNA everywhere else in the "diaries."  
We find the designation SAG.UŠ and <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ in two early diaries. [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I<ref>''Sachs A., Hunger H''. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.</ref>, No. -681:8, -567:2], then GENNA everywhere else in the "diaries."  
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|'''Late astrology.'''
|'''Late astrology.'''
* (1) Predictions of grain prices by the positions of the planets relative to the zodiacal constellations and other phenomena: <sup>múl</sup>SAG.UŠ [SpTU I, 94:7, 15, 47].  
* (1) Predictions of grain prices by the positions of the planets relative to the zodiacal constellations and other phenomena: <sup>múl</sup>SAG.UŠ [SpTU I<ref name=":1" />, 94:7, 15, 47].  
* (2) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. BM 36746+: <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ, passim [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 134-136], see (Kurtik s20) ''[[Sîn]]''.  
* (2) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. BM 36746+: <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ, passim [Rochberg-Halton 1984<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.</ref>, 134-136], see (Kurtik s20) ''[[Sîn]]''.  
* (3) Predictions of enemy attacks from observations of positions and visibility of planets relative to zodiacal constellations [TCL 6, 13 obv. ii 14, 28; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 213-214, 216].
* (3) Predictions of enemy attacks from observations of positions and visibility of planets relative to zodiacal constellations [TCL 6<ref>Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see TU.</ref>, 13 obv. ii 14, 28; Rochberg-Halton 1987b<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA 77, 207-228.</ref>, 213-214, 216].
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==== Deity. ====
==== Deity. ====
        The name is written often with the determinative d.  
        The name is written often with the determinative 'd'.  


===== Prayers and rituals. =====
===== Prayers and rituals. =====
          (1) In the Šurpu series (II 180): <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ... ''lip-ṭu-ru'' "Saturn ... let him deliver" [Reiner 1970, 18].
          (1) In the Šurpu series (II 180): <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ... ''lip-ṭu-ru'' "Saturn ... let him deliver" [Reiner 1970<ref>''Reiner E.'' Šurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations. Osnabrück, 1970 ( AfO, Beiheft 11).</ref>, 18].


          (2) In the Namburbi spell series, see. [CT 41, 23:13-14; Ebeling 1954, 12-13].
          (2) In the Namburbi spell series, see. [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 41, 23:13-14; Ebeling 1954<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Beschwörungsserie Namburbi // RA 48, № 1, 1-15.</ref>, 12-13].


==== Astrology. ====
==== Astrology. ====


===== Identifications: =====
===== Identifications: =====
          (1) = Black Star; MUL MI = <sup>d</sup>SAG.U[Š]: <sup>d</sup>GUD.UD "Black Star = Saturn[n], var.: Mercury" [BPO 3, 248, K.2346+:54].
          (1) = Black Star; MUL MI = <sup>d</sup>SAG.U[Š]: <sup>d</sup>GUD.UD "Black Star = Saturn[n], var.: Mercury" [BPO 3<ref name=":0" />, 248, K.2346+:54].


          (2) = Star of the Sun; see Lexical texts above.
          (2) = Star of the Sun; see Lexical texts above.
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          (5) = Great Twins = Jupiter and Saturn; see (Kurtik m17) [[MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL]], VI 1.
          (5) = Great Twins = Jupiter and Saturn; see (Kurtik m17) [[MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL]], VI 1.


          (6) = ŠU.PA; cf. [BPO 3, 134: 27′].
          (6) = ŠU.PA; cf. [BPO 3<ref name=":0" />, 134: 27′].


          For other examples of astrological identifications associated with Saturn, see (Kurtik u09) [[UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ]], III.
          For other examples of astrological identifications associated with Saturn, see (Kurtik u09) [[UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ]], III.


===== Predictions: =====
===== Predictions: =====
          (7) Venus bears a black crown; ˹DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>˺''Dil-bat'' AGA MI ''a''[''p-rat'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.U]Š ''ina'' IGI-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''ma'' "If Venus be[ars] a black crown - [Satu]rn is ahead of her" [BPO 3, K.148+:10].
          (7) Venus bears a black crown; ˹DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>˺''Dil-bat'' AGA MI ''a''[''p-rat'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.U]Š ''ina'' IGI-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''ma'' "If Venus be[ars] a black crown - [Satu]rn is ahead of her" [BPO 3<ref name=":0" />, K.148+:10].


          (8) Venus bears the Sun's crown; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat'' AGA <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ap-rat ma-gal i''<sub>3</sub>-''ba-il''<sub>3</sub>-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ''ina'' IGI-''šu''<sub>2</sub> DU-ma "If Venus bears the Sun's crown — it becomes very bright, Saturn stands in front of Venus" [bpo 3 k.148+:10] [BPO 3, K.148+:15].
          (8) Venus bears the Sun's crown; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat'' AGA <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ap-rat ma-gal i''<sub>3</sub>-''ba-il''<sub>3</sub>-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ''ina'' IGI-''šu''<sub>2</sub> DU-ma "If Venus bears the Sun's crown — it becomes very bright, Saturn stands in front of Venus" [BPO 3<ref name=":0" /> k.148+:10] [BPO 3<ref name=":0" />, K.148+:15].


        (9) Venus' place is yellow-green; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat'' ...] KI.GUB-''ša''<sub>2</sub> SIG<sub>7</sub> <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ KI-''ša''<sub>2</sub> DU-''ma'' "[If Venus ...], its seat is yellow-green, (meaning): Saturn stands with her." [BPO 3, 84, K.6021+ r. 6′], see also: [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat'' ... KI.GUB-''sa''<sub>3</sub>] SIG<sub>7</sub> ... "[If Venus' place is] yellow-green: pregnant women will die with babies in their wombs. (This happens if) Saturn ([<sup>d</sup>UDU.BAD.SA]G.UŠ) stands with her." [BPO 3, 100, K. 35:17].
        (9) Venus' place is yellow-green; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat'' ...] KI.GUB-''ša''<sub>2</sub> SIG<sub>7</sub> <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ KI-''ša''<sub>2</sub> DU-''ma'' "[If Venus ...], its seat is yellow-green, (meaning): Saturn stands with her." [BPO 3<ref name=":0" />, 84, K.6021+ r. 6′], see also: [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat'' ... KI.GUB-''sa''<sub>3</sub>] SIG<sub>7</sub> ... "[If Venus' place is] yellow-green: pregnant women will die with babies in their wombs. (This happens if) Saturn ([<sup>d</sup>UDU.BAD.SA]G.UŠ) stands with her." [BPO 3<ref name=":0" />, 100, K. 35:17].


        (10) The connectivity of the Moon with Saturn; [DIŠ ''ina''] ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>UTU SAR-''uḫ ana'' URU LUGAL ŠU GIR<sub>3</sub> EŠ SI NA ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''ṣa-mar'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ "If the Sun shines in it’s (the Moon's) inner part: ... a conspiracy against the royal city(?); (Sun) = Saturn" [Verderame 2002, 93, IIIm: 7′].
        (10) The connectivity of the Moon with Saturn; [DIŠ ''ina''] ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>UTU SAR-''uḫ ana'' URU LUGAL ŠU GIR<sub>3</sub> EŠ SI NA ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''ṣa-mar'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ "If the Sun shines in it’s (the Moon's) inner part: ... a conspiracy against the royal city(?); (Sun) = Saturn" [Verderame 2002<ref>''Verderame L.'' Enūma Anu Enlil Tablets 1-13 // Under One Sky. Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near East. Ed. J.M.Steele – A.Imhausen. Münster, Ugarit-Verlag 2002. P. 447- 455.</ref>, 93, IIIm: 7′].


        (11) Saturn's head is red; SAG <sup>mul<sub>4</sub></sup>SAG.UŠ SA<sub>5</sub>: <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu ṭe''<sub>4</sub>-''ḫi-šum-ma'' ... "Saturn's head is red: (it is said so if) Mars comes close to Saturn" [SpTU I, 84:9; SpTU V, 264 r. 2].
        (11) Saturn's head is red; SAG <sup>mul<sub>4</sub></sup>SAG.UŠ SA<sub>5</sub>: <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu ṭe''<sub>4</sub>-''ḫi-šum-ma'' ... "Saturn's head is red: (it is said so if) Mars comes close to Saturn" [SpTU I<ref name=":1" />, 84:9; SpTU V<ref name=":2" />, 264 r. 2].


==Historical Dictionaries==  
==Historical Dictionaries==  

Latest revision as of 15:20, 10 January 2026


mul / dSAG.UŠ (𒀯𒊕𒍑) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

Also TUR.DIŠ;

  • = kayyamānu(m), lit. "Constant, unchanging, lasting";
  • = Saturn [Gössman 1950[2], 333]; the name reflects the slow character of Saturn's motion relative to the stars. See also (Kurtik a49)AŠ.ME, (Kurtik g10) GENNA, (Kurtik g11) GI.GI, (Kurtik m24) dMES.LAM.TA.E3.A, (Kurtik n43) dNIN.URTA, (Kurtik u09) UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ.
Sources Identifications
Lexical texts.

Series Ḫg. B VI:

  • (a) mulgi.gi = mul kit-tu2 u me-šar = dSAG.UŠ dUTU "Star gi.gi = Star of truth and justice = Saturn, Shamash,"
  • (b) mulgi6 = ANṣa-al-me DUL3 = min,
  • (c) mulzi.ba.an.na = zi-ba-ni-tum = min [MSL XI[3], 40:39-41].
EAE.

See. [BPO 3[4], 286; NSAM 2[5], 247; SpTU I[6], 84:9; SpTU V[7], 264 r. 2].

"Reports."

See. [SAA 8[8], 491 r. 4].

"Catalog of 30 stars". 
  • Anu. 3. MUL ša i-na ZI IM.ULU3lu a-na IGI mulGIR2.TAB GUB-zu KI.GUB-su2 ut-˹ta˺-[na-kar (...)] "The star which stands at the rising of the south wind, in front of 'Scorpius', constantly chang[ing] its position..." (A. 17). [MUL S]A5 ša2 ina ZI IM.ULU3lu IGI-it múlGIR2.TAB GUB3! MUL2 UDU.IDIM: dz[i-ba-ni-tum] / [(mul)SA]G.UŠ! MUL bi-ib-bu zi-ba-ni-tum dUTU a-˹na˺ [...] "The [re]d [star], which stands at the rising of the south wind and in front of Scorpius, is a planet: Li[bra, Sa]turn, the planet, Libra Shamash. For..." (B.17-18) [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98[9], 178-179].
"Great Star List and Miscellenia."
  • List of planets: mulsag.uš before Mercury and Mars [Mesop.Astrol.[10], App. B: 242].
"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."

We find the designation SAG.UŠ and dSAG.UŠ in two early diaries. [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I[11], No. -681:8, -567:2], then GENNA everywhere else in the "diaries."

Late astrology.
  • (1) Predictions of grain prices by the positions of the planets relative to the zodiacal constellations and other phenomena: múlSAG.UŠ [SpTU I[6], 94:7, 15, 47].
  • (2) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. BM 36746+: dSAG.UŠ, passim [Rochberg-Halton 1984[12], 134-136], see (Kurtik s20) Sîn.
  • (3) Predictions of enemy attacks from observations of positions and visibility of planets relative to zodiacal constellations [TCL 6[13], 13 obv. ii 14, 28; Rochberg-Halton 1987b[14], 213-214, 216].

Additional

Deity.

        The name is written often with the determinative 'd'.

Prayers and rituals.

          (1) In the Šurpu series (II 180): dSAG.UŠ ... lip-ṭu-ru "Saturn ... let him deliver" [Reiner 1970[15], 18].

          (2) In the Namburbi spell series, see. [CT[16] 41, 23:13-14; Ebeling 1954[17], 12-13].

Astrology.

Identifications:

          (1) = Black Star; MUL MI = dSAG.U[Š]: dGUD.UD "Black Star = Saturn[n], var.: Mercury" [BPO 3[4], 248, K.2346+:54].

          (2) = Star of the Sun; see Lexical texts above.

          (3) = Libra; see above Lexical texts.

          (4) = Pest; see (Kurtik k05) KA.MUŠ.I3.GU7.E, IV 2.

          (5) = Great Twins = Jupiter and Saturn; see (Kurtik m17) MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL, VI 1.

          (6) = ŠU.PA; cf. [BPO 3[4], 134: 27′].

          For other examples of astrological identifications associated with Saturn, see (Kurtik u09) UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ, III.

Predictions:

          (7) Venus bears a black crown; ˹DIŠ mul˺Dil-bat AGA MI a[p-rat dSAG.U]Š ina IGI-šu2 GUB-ma "If Venus be[ars] a black crown - [Satu]rn is ahead of her" [BPO 3[4], K.148+:10].

          (8) Venus bears the Sun's crown; DIŠ mulDil-bat AGA dUTU ap-rat ma-gal i3-ba-il3-ma dSAG.UŠ ina IGI-šu2 DU-ma "If Venus bears the Sun's crown — it becomes very bright, Saturn stands in front of Venus" [BPO 3[4] k.148+:10] [BPO 3[4], K.148+:15].

        (9) Venus' place is yellow-green; [DIŠ mulDil-bat ...] KI.GUB-ša2 SIG7 dSAG.UŠ KI-ša2 DU-ma "[If Venus ...], its seat is yellow-green, (meaning): Saturn stands with her." [BPO 3[4], 84, K.6021+ r. 6′], see also: [DIŠ mulDil-bat ... KI.GUB-sa3] SIG7 ... "[If Venus' place is] yellow-green: pregnant women will die with babies in their wombs. (This happens if) Saturn ([dUDU.BAD.SA]G.UŠ) stands with her." [BPO 3[4], 100, K. 35:17].

        (10) The connectivity of the Moon with Saturn; [DIŠ ina] ŠA3-šu2 dUTU SAR-uḫ ana URU LUGAL ŠU GIR3 EŠ SI NA u2-ṣa-mar dSAG.UŠ "If the Sun shines in it’s (the Moon's) inner part: ... a conspiracy against the royal city(?); (Sun) = Saturn" [Verderame 2002[18], 93, IIIm: 7′].

        (11) Saturn's head is red; SAG mul4SAG.UŠ SA5: dṢal-bat-a-nu ṭe4-ḫi-šum-ma ... "Saturn's head is red: (it is said so if) Mars comes close to Saturn" [SpTU I[6], 84:9; SpTU V[7], 264 r. 2].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, s10) Gössmann (1950)
также TUR.DIŠ; = kayyamānu(m), букв. «Постоянный, неизменный, долговременный»; = Сатурн [Gössman 1950, 333]; название отражает медленный характер движения Сатурна относительно звезд. См. также a49AŠ.ME, g10GENNA, g11GI.GI, m24dMES.LAM.TA.E3.A, n43dNIN.URTA,  u09UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ.

I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. Серия Ḫg. B VI: a) mulgi.gi = mul kit-tu2 u me-šar = dSAG.UŠ dUTU «Звезда gi.gi = Звезда правды и справедливости = Сатурн, Шамаш», b) mulgi6 = ANṣa-al-me DUL3 = min, c) mulzi.ba.an.na = zi-ba-ni-tum = min [MSL XI, 40:39–41]. EAE. См. [BPO 3, 286; NSAM 2, 247; SpTU I, 84:9; SpTU V, 264 r. 2]. «Рапорты». См. [SAA 8, 491 r. 4]. «Каталог 30 звезд».  Anu. 3. MUL ša i-na ZI IM.ULU3lu a-na IGI mulGIR2.TAB GUB-zu KI.GUB-su2 ut-˹ta˺-[na-kar (…)] «Звезда, которая стоит при восходе южного ветра, перед ‘Скорпионом’, постоянно изме[няя] свое положение…» (A. 17). [MUL S]A5 ša2 ina ZI IM.ULU3lu IGI-it múlGIR2.TAB GUB3! MUL2 UDU.IDIM: dz[i-ba-ni-tum] / [(mul)SA]G.UŠ! MUL bi-ib-bu zi-ba-ni-tum dUTU a-˹na˺ […] «[Крас]ная [звезда], которая стоит при восходе южного ветра перед Скорпионом, это планета: В[есы, Са]турн, планета, Весы Шамаша. Для…» (B.17–18) [Oelsner–Horowitz 1997–98, 178–179]. «Большой список звезд». Список планет: mulsag.uš перед Меркурием и Марсом [Mesop.Astrol., App. B: 242]. «Дневники наблюдений». Обозначение SAG.UŠ и dSAG.UŠ встречаем в двух ранних дневниках. [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I, No. –681:8, -567:2], далее в «дневниках» повсюду — GENNA. Поздняя астрология. (1) Предсказания цен на злаки по положениям планет относительно зодиакальных созвездий и другим явлениям: múlSAG.UŠ [SpTU I, 94:7, 15, 47]. (2) Предсказания, основанные на наблюдениях затмений Луны и положений Луны и планет относительно знаков зодиака. BM 36746+: dSAG.UŠ, passim [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 134–136], см. s20Sîn. (3) Предсказания нападения врагов из наблюдений положений и видимости планет относительно зодиакальных созвездий [TCL 6, 13 obv. ii 14, 28; Rochberg-Halton  1987b, 213–214, 216].

II. Божество.

Название записывается нередко с детерминативом d. Молитвы и ритуалы. (1) В серии Šurpu (II 180): dSAG.UŠ … lip-ṭu-ru «Сатурн … пусть избавит» [Reiner 1970, 18]. (2) В серии заклинаний Намбурби, см. [CT 41, 23:13–14; Ebeling 1954, 12–13].

III. Астрология.

Отождествления:

(1) = Черная звезда; MUL MI = dSAG.U[Š] : dGUD.UD «Черная звезда = Сатур[н], вар.: Меркурий» [BPO 3, 248, K.2346+:54].

(2) = Звезда Солнца; см. выше Лексич. тексты.

(3) = Весы; см. выше Лексич. тексты.

(4) = Вредитель; см. k05KA.MUŠ.I3.KU2.E, IV 2.

(5) Большие Близнецы = Юпитер и Сатурн; см. m17MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL, VI 1.

(6) = ŠU.PA; см. [BPO 3, 134: 27′].

Другие примеры астрологических отождествлений, связанных с Сатурном, см. u09UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ, III.

Предсказания:

(7) Венера несет черную корону; ˹DIŠ mul˺Dil-bat AGA MI a[p-rat dSAG.U]Š ina IGI-šu2 GUB-ma  «Если Венера не[сет] черную корону — [Сату]рн впереди нее стоит» [BPO 3, K.148+:10].

(8) Венера несет корону Солнца; DIŠ mulDil-bat AGA dUTU ap-rat ma-gal i3-ba-il3-ma dSAG.UŠ ina IGI-šu2 DU-ma «Если Венера несет корону Солнца — она становится очень яркой, Сатурн стоит впереди нее» [BPO 3, K.148+:15].

(9) Место Венеры желто-зеленое; [DIŠ mulDil-bat …] KI.GUB-ša2 SIG7 dSAG.UŠ KI-ša2 DU-ma «[Если Венера …], ее место желто-зеленое, (это означает): Сатурн стоит с ней» [BPO 3, 84, K.6021+ r. 6′], см. также: [DIŠ mulDil-bat …KI.GUB-sa3] SIG7 … «[Если место Венеры] желто-зеленое: беременные женщины будут умирать с детьми в своих утробах. (Это происходит, если) Сатурн ([dUDU.BAD.SA]G.UŠ) cтоит с ней» [BPO 3, 100, K. 35:17].

(10) Соединение Луны с Сатурном; [DIŠ ina] ŠA3-šu2 dUTU SAR-uḫ ana URU LUGAL ŠU GIR3 EŠ SI NA u2-ṣa-mar dSAG.UŠ «Если Солнце блестит в ее (Луны) внутренней части: … заговор против царского города(?); (Солнце) = Сатурн» [Verderame 2002, 93, IIIm: 7′].

(11) Голова Сатурна красная; SAG mul4SAG.UŠ SA5 : dṢal-bat-a-nu ṭe4-ḫi-šum-ma … «Голова Сатурна красная: (так говорят, если) Марс приблизился к нему» [SpTU I, 84:9; SpTU V, 264 r. 2].

Example

References

  1. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  2. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  3. ↑ Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = hubullu. Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Reiner E., Pingree D. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.
  5. ↑ Verderame L. Le Tavole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.
  8. ↑ Hunger H. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).
  9. ↑ Oelsner J., Horowitz W. The 30-Star-Catalogue HS 1897 and The Late Parallel BM 55502 // AfO. 1997-1998. Bd. 44-45. S. 176-185.
  10. ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
  11. ↑ Sachs A., Hunger H. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.
  12. ↑ Rochberg-Halton F. New Evidence for the History of Astrology // JNES. 1984. Vol. 43, № 2. P. 115-140.
  13. ↑ Textes cunéiformes. Musée du Louvre, vol. 6, see TU.
  14. ↑ Rochberg-Halton F. TCL 6 13: Mixed Traditions in Late Babylonian Astrology // ZA 77, 207-228.
  15. ↑ Reiner E. Šurpu. A Collection of Sumerian and Akkadian Incantations. Osnabrück, 1970 ( AfO, Beiheft 11).
  16. ↑ Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
  17. ↑ Ebeling E. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Beschwörungsserie Namburbi // RA 48, № 1, 1-15.
  18. ↑ Verderame L. Enūma Anu Enlil Tablets 1-13 // Under One Sky. Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near East. Ed. J.M.Steele – A.Imhausen. Münster, Ugarit-Verlag 2002. P. 447- 455.
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