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[[File:LintangSREN.jpg|thumb|Lintang Sungenge in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali Inventary no. 09.752)]]
[[File:Sangenge.png|thumb|Lintang Sangenge in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]
[[File:Sangenge.png|thumb|Lintang Sangenge in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)]]
Sungenge is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of srěngenge is found in intersection of Saniscara (Saturday, in saptawara) and Pon (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang srěngenge means Sun.<ref>Maass, Alfred, “Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen,” in Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Feestbundel bij gelegenheid van zijn 150 jarig bestaan 1778-1928, 2 vols. (Weltevreden, 1929), Vol. 2, 126-157.</ref>   
Sungenge is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of srěngenge is found in intersection of Saniscara (Saturday, in saptawara) and Pon (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang srěngenge means Sun.<ref>Maass, Alfred, “Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen,” in Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Feestbundel bij gelegenheid van zijn 150 jarig bestaan 1778-1928, 2 vols. (Weltevreden, 1929), Vol. 2, 126-157.</ref>   

Revision as of 15:45, 4 February 2026

Authors: Youla Azkarrula, Susanne M Hoffmann

Lintang Sungenge in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali Inventary no. 09.752)
Lintang Sangenge in lontar Prasi Palelintangan (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)

Sungenge is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of srěngenge is found in intersection of Saniscara (Saturday, in saptawara) and Pon (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang srěngenge means Sun.[1]

Etymology and History

Sungenge (IPA: [suˈŋə.ŋə]), is balinese term for marigold tree, common sunflower and Sun.

Spelling Variants

  • sangenge
  • sěngenge
  • sungenge
  • ngarang srěngenge
  • matahari
  • matan ai
  • matanai
Tree marigold/Kapitan (Tithonia diversiflora), CC-BY Ni Made Sriandani.
Results of 6 Varieties of Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the Alahan Panjang Plateau[2], CC-BY Nugraha Ramadhan, Rachmad Hersi Martinsyah, Jamsari.

Origin of Constellation

Sungenge is the name of a flower, Kembang Sungenge, which refers to the Kipahit, the Tree Marigold (Tithonia diversiflora). This type of flower grows wild and relies solely on nature for its growth. The appearance of this flower is truly captivating, especially in the morning when the sun rises above the crown. It does resemble the sun.[3] However, in the Centhini series, Kembang Sungenge also refers to the common sunflower (Helianthus annuus).[4] This type of flower is used in traditional medicine throughout Indonesia. Although both flowers belong to the same family, Asteraceae, they have distinct morphologies.

Characteristics Helianthus annuus (Common Sunflower) Tithonia diversiflora (Mexican Sunflower/Kipahit/Tree Marigold)
Plant Type Annual herb (generally grows from seed every year) Perennial upright shrub (woody and lives for many years)
Height Generally reaches 1.5 - 3 meters. Can grow taller, up to approximately 5 meters, making it widely used by farmers as a fence to prevent pests and diseases from entering fields.
Leaves Oval to heart-shaped, covered with coarse hairs, and generally unlobed in cultivated varieties. Leaves are alternate, often with 3-7 pointed lobes (cage-shaped), with serrated edges.
Flower Center The flower disc (center) is orange-brown to dark brown. The flower disc is bright yellow or orange.
Flower Arrangement Cultivated varieties typically have a single large flower head at the end of the stem, while wild varieties may branch. Inflorescences are compound, often appearing at the tips of twigs and on long stalks, with multiple flower heads per plant. The flowers are medium-sized, with 7 to 13 petals surrounding hundreds of stamens.
Native Habitat Native to the western United States, Canada, and northern Mexico Native to Mexico and Central America

In short, cultivated H. annuus is better known as a single herbaceous plant with very large flowers, while T. diversiflora is a taller woody shrub with numerous smaller flowers and lobed leaves.

General information

Identification of Balinese constellations (Maaß 1929, appendix).

The astronomical identification of the constellation is taken from Maaß (1929)[5] who explains in general that these constellations and the according ritual practice

"sind seit alten Zeiten in einem Werk ,,wariga" niedergelegt, in dem wir zwei Kulturschichten, nämlich indische und malaio-polynesische Bestandteile wiederfinden."

English: "are written down in a work called "wariga" since old times; there we recognise two cultural layers, i.e. the Indian and the Malayo-Polynesian."

He also quotes other scholars[6][7][8][9] and his earlier work[10][11] reporting that this work dates back to the 9th century CE when Bali was part of a Hindu empire on the neighbouring island of Java.[5] Neubronner van der Tuuk even uses the Old Javanese spelling.

Identification

The identifications, Maaß (1929) gives according to the aforementioned and his own studies during visits of the country and in European and Batavian libraries (p.150).[5]

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

Mythology / Religion

In art, Kembang Sungenge are often depicted as motifs in temple carvings, songket, and endek. Furthermore, the leaves of the sungenge flower (kipahit/wild sunflower) are used as an ingredient in making botanical pesticides, along with lemongrass and galangal.[12]

In the Bungaya Traditional Village community in Karangasem Regency, Kembang Sungenge are used to make "sumbu" in the Usaba Sumbu ceremony, held annually during Sasih Sada (the tenth month of the Balinese calendar). This is because Kembang Sungenge are known as symbols of the Sun God.

Image Variants

  • Lintang Sangenge (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)
    Lintang Sangenge (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)
  • Lintang Sungenge in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali Inventary no. 09.746)
    Lintang Sungenge in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali Inventary no. 09.746)
  • Lintang Sungenge in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali Inventary no. 09.752)
    Lintang Sungenge in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali Inventary no. 09.752)
  • Lintang Aran Sungenge (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula taken in the ceiling of Taman Gili Klungkung Palace Bali)
    Lintang Aran Sungenge (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula taken in the ceiling of Taman Gili Klungkung Palace Bali)

Cultural Beliefs

Numerology (Neptu/Urip)

Saniscara (Saturday, in saptawara) has a value of 9 and Pon (in pancawara) has a value of 7. Thus, the total urip on this lintang is 16.[13]

Astrological Characteristics

Not dying from a serious illness, can live to old age, long life, loved by great and powerful people. But unfortunately, they like to show off and elevate themselves so that many people are annoyed by it.[13]

Matching Gemstones

Cempaka (yellow sapphire).[13]

All HIP Stars within this constellation

Balinese realize that the Sun is a star, so they refer to the Sun as lintang Srěngenge.

References

  1. ↑ Maass, Alfred, “Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen,” in Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Feestbundel bij gelegenheid van zijn 150 jarig bestaan 1778-1928, 2 vols. (Weltevreden, 1929), Vol. 2, 126-157.
  2. ↑ Ramadhan,Nugraha, Martinsyah,Rachmad Hersi, & Jamsari, "Growth and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus Annus L.) on Recent Field in Upland of Alahan Panjang" Jurnal Galung Tropika, (2022) Vol. 11 No. 1, 45-52 https://doi.org/10.31850/jgt.v11i1.870
  3. ↑ Andani, Ni Made Sri, "Bunga Matahari Liar: Cemerlangnya Si Kembang Tegalan." (2011) https://nimadesriandani.wordpress.com/2011/09/24/bunga-matahari-liar-cemerlangnya-si-kembang-tegalan/#more-2069
  4. ↑ Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia, "SERIAL THE POWER OF OBAT ASLI INDONESIA: RAMUAN OBAT TRADISIONAL INDONESIA SERAT CENTHINI, BUKU JAMPI DAN KITAB TIBB" (2016) https://api.minio.jatimprov.go.id/dinkes-mmb/ebooks/Serat%20CenthinI.pdf
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1
  6. ↑ Friedrich, R. (1849). Voorloopig verslag van het eiland Bali, Batavia, Verb. Bat Gen. Deel 23, Nr. 13
  7. ↑ HINLOOPEN LABBERT0N, D. VAN (1910). Geillustreerd handboek van Insulinde. Amsterdam: "Vivat"
  8. ↑ PIGEAUD, TH. (1925). Een stuk over sterrenkunde uit het Anggastyaparwwa ...... Weltevreden: Albrecht. Tijdsch. v. lnd, T.-, L.- en Vk. deel LXV
  9. ↑ Nieuwenkamp, W. O. J. (1905), Schetsen van Bali en Lombok. (Eigen Haard)
  10. ↑ MAASS, ALFRED (1920). Sterne und Sternbilder im malaiischen Archipel. Berlin. Zeitschrift für Ethnologie Jg. 1920/21, H. 1
  11. ↑ MAASS, ALFRED (1924). Sternkunde und Sterndeuterei im malaiischen Archipel. Batavia, den Haag. Tijdsch. v. T.-, L.-en Vk. deel LX IV
  12. ↑ Dinas Pertanian, "Temu Teknis Inovasi Pertanian Tingkat Provinsi Bali "Teknologi Budidaya, Panen, Pasca Panen, dan Pengolahan Bawang Merah " BPP Abiansemal." (2019) https://distan.bulelengkab.go.id/informasi/detail/berita/temu-teknis-inovasi-pertanian-tingkat-provinsi-bali-teknologi-budidaya-panen-pasca-panen-dan-pengolahan-bawang-merah-bpp-abiansemal-99
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Tim Kajian Palelintangan, “Gabungan Kajian Palelintangan,” Museum Bali (2021), 1-149.
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