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==Etymology and History==
==Etymology and History==


Kunitzsch and Smart (2006):<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.</ref><blockquote>The formation of this name begins with the ancient Arabic name for α Boo: al-simak al-ramih, "the Lance-bearing simak" (the meaning of simak is uncertain). It seems that later Arabic poets expanded upon this name by making mention of some separate "lance" (al-rumh) that accompanied the star α Boo. Subsequent Arabs attempted to identify this fictitious lance with actual stars, sometimes saying it was η Boo with nearby stars, sometimes saying it was "η Boo alone" (where "alone", in Arabic, is written mufradan). From these discussions came, with a slight copying mistake in the Arabic, the erroneous Arabic name mufrad al-ramih, roughly translating as "the Isolated Single One of the Lance-Bearer". With a wrong vocalization and with abbreviation, this erroneous name, as "Muphrid", was applied in recent times.</blockquote>Roland Laffitte (2025)<ref>Roland Laffitte (2025), ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots</ref> writes: <blockquote>'''''Muphrid''''' ''(η Boo: 2.68) /'' '''المفرد''' '''.''' Borrowed two centuries ago and now adopted by the IAU, this name corresponds to the late Arabic phrase ''Mufrad al-Rāmiḥ'', ‘the isolated [star] of Alramech’, which is explained by its position near the main star of the constellation (see ''supra'', ''Fig. 53b''). Arabic: ''Mufrad al-Rāmiḥ'', Uluġ Bēg, ''‘Muphrid AlRâmih’'', Hyde > ''Miphrid'', Bode and Piazzi > French: ''Moufride'', Coulier, ''Muphrid'', Francœur. ''Muphrid'' & var., Allen, Rumrill, Hoffleit, but ''Muphrid'' alone, Rhoads, etc., Simbad, IAU.</blockquote>
Kunitzsch and Smart (2006):<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.</ref><blockquote>The formation of this name begins with the ancient Arabic name for α Boo: al-simak al-ramih, "the Lance-bearing simak" (the meaning of simak is uncertain). It seems that later Arabic poets expanded upon this name by making mention of some separate "lance" (al-rumh) that accompanied the star α Boo. Subsequent Arabs attempted to identify this fictitious lance with actual stars, sometimes saying it was η Boo with nearby stars, sometimes saying it was "η Boo alone" (where "alone", in Arabic, is written mufradan). From these discussions came, with a slight copying mistake in the Arabic, the erroneous Arabic name mufrad al-ramih, roughly translating as "the Isolated Single One of the Lance-Bearer". With a wrong vocalization and with abbreviation, this erroneous name, as "Muphrid", was applied in recent times.</blockquote>
[[File:Rumh of Simakan RL map+draw.png|thumb|Arabian constellation al-Simak with Lances and Armes (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]
Roland Laffitte (2025)<ref>Roland Laffitte (2025), ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots</ref> writes: <blockquote>'''''Muphrid''''' ''(η Boo: 2.68) /'' '''المفرد''' '''.''' Borrowed two centuries ago and now adopted by the IAU, this name corresponds to the late Arabic phrase ''Mufrad al-Rāmiḥ'', ‘the isolated [star] of Alramech’, which is explained by its position near the main star of the constellation (see ''supra'', ''Fig. 53b''). Arabic: ''Mufrad al-Rāmiḥ'', Uluġ Bēg, ''‘Muphrid AlRâmih’'', Hyde > ''Miphrid'', Bode and Piazzi > French: ''Moufride'', Coulier, ''Muphrid'', Francœur. ''Muphrid'' & var., Allen, Rumrill, Hoffleit, but ''Muphrid'' alone, Rhoads, etc., Simbad, IAU.</blockquote>  
{| class="wikitable"
! valign="top" |Name
(orig.)
! valign="top" |Name
! valign="top" |translation
! valign="top" |identification
(RL)
! valign="top" |author
! valign="top" |note
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |''al-Rumḥ''
| valign="top" |la  Lance
| valign="top" |''η Boo''
| valign="top" |Ṣūfī
|
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |''Mirzam al-Simāk''
| valign="top" |the Predecessor of Simak
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |Marzūqī
|
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |''Mufrad al-Rāmiḥ''
| valign="top" |The Isolated One of Alramech
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |Tīzīnī
|
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |''Rāyat al-Simāk''
| valign="top" |the Standard of Simak
| valign="top" |''ε Boo''
| valign="top" |Qutayba
|
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |''Tābiᶜ al-Simāk''
| valign="top" |the Follower of Simak
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |Ṣūfī
|
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |''al-ᶜAḍaba''
| valign="top" |the Belt
| valign="top" |''ρσ Boo''
| valign="top" |Ṣūfī
|
|-
| valign="top" |
| valign="top" |''al-Silāḥ''
| valign="top" |the Arms
| valign="top" |''τυ Boo''
| valign="top" |Ṣūfī
|
|}


==Mythology==
==Mythology==

Revision as of 09:35, 26 March 2026

Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, Susanne M Hoffmann, Roland Laffitte

Muphrid ( المفرد) is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 67927 (η Boo, HR 5235) in constellation Bootes.

Etymology and History

Kunitzsch and Smart (2006):[1]

The formation of this name begins with the ancient Arabic name for α Boo: al-simak al-ramih, "the Lance-bearing simak" (the meaning of simak is uncertain). It seems that later Arabic poets expanded upon this name by making mention of some separate "lance" (al-rumh) that accompanied the star α Boo. Subsequent Arabs attempted to identify this fictitious lance with actual stars, sometimes saying it was η Boo with nearby stars, sometimes saying it was "η Boo alone" (where "alone", in Arabic, is written mufradan). From these discussions came, with a slight copying mistake in the Arabic, the erroneous Arabic name mufrad al-ramih, roughly translating as "the Isolated Single One of the Lance-Bearer". With a wrong vocalization and with abbreviation, this erroneous name, as "Muphrid", was applied in recent times.

Arabian constellation al-Simak with Lances and Armes (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).

Roland Laffitte (2025)[2] writes:

Muphrid (η Boo: 2.68) / المفرد . Borrowed two centuries ago and now adopted by the IAU, this name corresponds to the late Arabic phrase Mufrad al-Rāmiḥ, ‘the isolated [star] of Alramech’, which is explained by its position near the main star of the constellation (see supra, Fig. 53b). Arabic: Mufrad al-Rāmiḥ, Uluġ Bēg, ‘Muphrid AlRâmih’, Hyde > Miphrid, Bode and Piazzi > French: Moufride, Coulier, Muphrid, Francœur. Muphrid & var., Allen, Rumrill, Hoffleit, but Muphrid alone, Rhoads, etc., Simbad, IAU.

Name

(orig.)

Name translation identification

(RL)

author note
al-Rumḥ la Lance η Boo Ṣūfī
Mirzam al-Simāk the Predecessor of Simak Marzūqī
Mufrad al-Rāmiḥ The Isolated One of Alramech Tīzīnī
Rāyat al-Simāk the Standard of Simak ε Boo Qutayba
Tābiᶜ al-Simāk the Follower of Simak Ṣūfī
al-ᶜAḍaba the Belt ρσ Boo Ṣūfī
al-Silāḥ the Arms τυ Boo Ṣūfī

Mythology

IAU Working Group on Star Names

The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/09/12.

Reference

  1. ↑ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.
  2. ↑ Roland Laffitte (2025), Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe, Orient des Mots
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