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<sup>mul / d</sup>NIN.SAR is an ancient Mesopotamian deity, also depicted as an asterism.
Authors:  {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
==Dictionary==
----
[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg|thumb|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium (CC BY SMH).]]
<sup>mul / d</sup>NIN.SAR (𒀯𒊩𒌆𒊬) should now be read <sup>mul /</sup> <sup>d</sup>Nin-nisig, paired with [[Erragal]] are two stars in [[Lyra]] for which see the Erragal entry. Multiple readings of the sign SAR in the divine name are possible. See also NUN.SAR.        


=== Krebernik (2023) ===
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
Goddess (but in late texts also a male deity), “butcher” of Enlil’s palace Ekur, wife of Erragal. The name should be be read <sup>d</sup>''Nin-nisig'', see RlA s.v. <sup>d</sup>''Nin''-SAR (EN 25–26r).
The reading of the sign SAR in the name is not certain.  


===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
'''Var. reading:'''
The reading of the sign SAR in the name is not certain. Var. reading:


* <sup>d</sup>Nin.sar,  
* <sup>d</sup>Nin-nisig
* <sup>d</sup>Nin.sar,
* <sup>d</sup>Nin.šar,
* <sup>d</sup>Nin.šar,
* <sup>d</sup>nin.mu<sub>2</sub>;  
* <sup>d</sup>nin.mu<sub>2</sub>;  
For the alternate readings see Lambert (2013) Creation 506.
For the alternate readings see Lambert (2013)<ref>Lambert, W.G. (2013). Babylonian Creation Myths, Eisenbraun, Winnona Lake.</ref> Creation 506.
 
Goddess (but in late texts also a male deity), “butcher” of Enlil’s palace [[Ekur]], wife of Erragal. The name should be be read <sup>d</sup>''Nin-nisig'', see RlA s.v. <sup>d</sup>''Nin''-SAR (Enlil 25–26, right).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>
 
  {| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Sources
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Identification
|-
|'''MUL.APIN''' (I i 27)
 
* DIŠ 2 MUL<sup>meš</sup> ša<sub>2</sub> EGIR-šu<sub>2</sub> GUB<sup>meš</sup>-zu <sup>d</sup>Nin-SAR u <sup>d</sup>Er<sub>3</sub>-ra-gal
* The two stars which stand behind it [the Goat]: Nin-nisig and Erragal
|theta and eta Lyrae (θ and η Lyr)
|-
|'''List of stars V R 46, 1:18.'''
* <sup>mul</sup>''Nin''-SAR ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Er''<sub>3</sub>-''ra-gal'' = <sup>d</sup>U.GUR ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Aḫ-bi-tum''
* "Ninsar and Erragal = Nergal and Aḫbitum" [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref> 51; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, 162-3].
|
|}
 
=== Previous Identifications ===
In astronomical texts usually recorded in pair with Erragal; identified with the star in the constellation Lyrae (ε Lyrae) [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 60; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 126; Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 402; Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 326], see (Kurtik e21) [[Erragal|<sup>d</sup>''Erragal'']].
 
Commentary: ε Lyrae is a visual double star (in telescopes even resolved as quadruple). Yet, more striking and really "behind the Goat" is the douplette of two stars θ and η Lyr.


In astronomical texts usually recorded in pair with Erragal; identified with the star in the constellation Lyrae (ε Lyrae) [Litke 1998, 60; MA, 126; Tallqvist 1938, 402; G. 326], see (Kurtik e21) [[Erragal|<sup>d</sup>''Erragal'']].
==Historical Dictionaries==  
==Historical Dictionaries==  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
|-
|-
|вар. чтения: <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR, <sup>d</sup>nin.mu<sub>2</sub>; божество (богиня?), в астрономических текстах записывается обычно в паре с Эррагаль; отождествляется со звездой в созвездии Лира (ε Lyrae) [Litke  1998, 60; MA, 126; Tallqvist 1938, 402; G. 326], см. e21<sup>d</sup>Erragal
|вар. чтения: <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR, <sup>d</sup>nin.mu<sub>2</sub>; божество (богиня?), в астрономических текстах записывается обычно в паре с Эррагаль; отождествляется со звездой в созвездии Лира (ε Lyrae) [Litke  1998, 60; MA, 126; Tallqvist 1938, 402; Gössmann 1950, 326], см. e21<sup>d</sup>Erragal
|Example
|Example
|}
|}
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[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Sumerian]]  
[[Category:Sumerian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:Asterism]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Constellation]]
[[Category:Deity]]
[[Category:Deity]][[Category:Lyr]]

Latest revision as of 14:59, 16 June 2026

Authors: Susanne M Hoffmann, Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Wayne Horowitz, Youla Azkarrula, Jan Safford

NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium (CC BY SMH).

mul / dNIN.SAR (𒀯𒊩𒌆𒊬) should now be read mul / dNin-nisig, paired with Erragal are two stars in Lyra for which see the Erragal entry. Multiple readings of the sign SAR in the divine name are possible. See also NUN.SAR.

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

The reading of the sign SAR in the name is not certain.

Var. reading:

  • dNin-nisig
  • dNin.sar,
  • dNin.šar,
  • dnin.mu2;

For the alternate readings see Lambert (2013)[2] Creation 506.

Goddess (but in late texts also a male deity), “butcher” of Enlil’s palace Ekur, wife of Erragal. The name should be be read dNin-nisig, see RlA s.v. dNin-SAR (Enlil 25–26, right).[3]

Sources Identification
MUL.APIN (I i 27)
  • DIŠ 2 MULmeš ša2 EGIR-šu2 GUBmeš-zu dNin-SAR u dEr3-ra-gal
  • The two stars which stand behind it [the Goat]: Nin-nisig and Erragal
 theta and eta Lyrae (θ and η Lyr)
List of stars V R 46, 1:18.
  • mulNin-SAR u dEr3-ra-gal = dU.GUR u dAḫ-bi-tum
  • "Ninsar and Erragal = Nergal and Aḫbitum" [HBA[4] 51; Wee 2016[5], 162-3].

Previous Identifications

In astronomical texts usually recorded in pair with Erragal; identified with the star in the constellation Lyrae (ε Lyrae) [Litke 1998[6], 60; MA[7], 126; Tallqvist 1938[8], 402; Gössmann[9] 326], see (Kurtik e21) dErragal.

Commentary: ε Lyrae is a visual double star (in telescopes even resolved as quadruple). Yet, more striking and really "behind the Goat" is the douplette of two stars θ and η Lyr.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, n40) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: dNin.SAR, dnin.mu2; божество (богиня?), в астрономических текстах записывается обычно в паре с Эррагаль; отождествляется со звездой в созвездии Лира (ε Lyrae) [Litke  1998, 60; MA, 126; Tallqvist 1938, 402; Gössmann 1950, 326], см. e21dErragal Example

References

  1. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  2. ↑ Lambert, W.G. (2013). Babylonian Creation Myths, Eisenbraun, Winnona Lake.
  3. ↑ Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579
  4. ↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
  5. ↑ Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.
  6. ↑ Litke R.L. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:dA-nu-um and AN:Anu ša2 amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).
  7. ↑ Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
  8. ↑ Tallqvist K. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.
  9. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
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