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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ḫaniš''}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ḫaniš''}}
<sup>mul / d</sup>''Ḫaniš'' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
----
<sup>mul / d</sup>''Ḫaniš'' (𒀯𒈗) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism, most probably a name for a single star. It occurs only in combination with the name <sup>d</sup>''Šullat''(PA), which likely refers to two similar asterisms or single-stars o (e.g. of similar appearance,brightness, close to each other).  This explains he inclusion of  Šullat and Hanish in the list of '7 twins' in The Great Star List and the parallel lists in 5R 46 and the compendium KAR 142.  In MUL.APIN the pair are listed as a single entity standing after  <sup>mul giš</sup>[[GAN2.UR3|GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub>]] "the Harrow."  In the star-catalogue of Astrolab B (KAV 218) the deities Šullat and Hanish are identified with <sup>mul</sup>[[MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL|MAŠ.TA.BA.GAL.GAL]], 'The Great Twins.'   


==Dictionary==
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
See ''[[Šullat]]'' (Kurtin sh26) & ''[[Ḫaniš]]'' (Kurtk h03).
Var. readings: <sup>d</sup>Ḫanīš (LUGAL, BAD) "Subjugation, bringing into submission(?)". [Gelb 1950, 196; Litke 1998, 145:272; Roberts 1972, 29]; a deity that paired with <sup>d</sup>Šullat(PA) (sh26) denoted a constellation within Centaurus (Centaurus) [G. 182; 240, I A].
 
Var. readings:  
 
* <sup>d</sup>''Ḫanīš'' (LUGAL, BAD) "Subjugation, bringing into submission(?)". [Gelb 1950<ref>''Gelb I.J.'' Šullat and Daniš // ArOr. 1950. V. 18, № 1-2. P. 189-198.</ref>, 196; Litke 1998<ref name=":0">''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 145:272; Roberts 1972<ref name=":1">''Roberts J.J.M''. The Earliest Semitic Pantheon. Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins Univ. Press. 1972.</ref>, 29]; a deity that paired with <sup>d</sup>''Šullat''(PA) (sh26) denoted a constellation within [[Centaurus]] (Centaurus) [Gössmann<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 182; 240, I A].
 
==== Sources and Identification(s) ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!Sources!!Identifications
!Sources!!Identifications
|-
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|'''"Three Stars Each (Astrolabes)".'''  
|'''Three Stars Each (Astrolabe Group).'''
Astrolabe B. List (12´3): <sup>mul</sup>maš.tab.ba.gal.gal ša<sub>2</sub> ina igi-it <sup>d</sup>A-nim gub / <sup>d</sup>Šullat(pa) u<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>Ḫaniš(lugal) "The Great Twins that stand ahead of Anu, Shullat and Hanish" [KAV 218, B ii 22-23; Horowitz 2014, 38 rev. col. ii 3-4]. Text Nv. 10. <sup>(mul)</sup>lugal — the asterism AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA in the month of simanu, see sh17[[ŠU.PA]]; lugal = <sup>d</sup>Ḫaniš(α Cen), according to [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 70, Anm. 16].  
Horowitz 2014 (<sup>mul</sup>Šullat <sup>d</sup>Haniš) 
|Example
 
Star Catalogue (Šullat and Haniš identified with <sup>mul</sup>maš.tab.ba.gal.gal, 'The Great Twins)
* <sup>mul</sup>maš.tab.ba.gal.gal ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' igi-''it'' <sup>d</sup>''A-nim'' gub / <sup>d</sup>''Šullat''(pa) ''u''<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Ḫaniš''(lugal)
* "The Great Twins that stand ahead of Anu, Šullat and Hanish" [Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 38 rev. col. ii 3-4, KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, B ii 22-23].  
CT 33 9 and Nv. 10:   
 
* CT 33 9 r. 19):
** <sup>mul d</sup>''Šullat''(˹pa˺<sup>?</sup>) u <sup><mul> d</sup>''Ḫaniš''(lugal), (Ea 9) [Horowitz 2014: 210 (Ea 9). 
* Nv. 10: 32:
** ˹<sup>mul</sup>PA u <sup>d</sup>˺LUGAL (AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA in the month of ''Simanu''),  
* See also Nv. 10: 7:
** [<sup>mul</sup>LUGAL] u MUL ˹<sup>šu˺</sup>.PA (for [Haniš] and Šullat), [Fincke 2025: 67-68; Horowitz 2014 216-218, with discussion on p. 223; Donbaz-Koch 1995<ref>''Donbaz V., Koch J.'' Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS. 1995. Vol. 47. P. 63-83.</ref>, 70, Anm. 16].
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* Star Catalogue
** There is no necessity to read "the great twins" as a proper name. As they are said to be "two stars" in MUL.APIN, we can well read the star catalogue in the same way: Šullat and Ḫaniš are great twins (in the sense of two very bright stars next to each other): that would be in line with the identification of α and β Cen from the GU-text.
 
* CT 33 and Nv. 10.
** no contradiction
** no contradiction
** no contradiction - taking this as a punning reference to the [[ŠU.PA]] asterism in [[Bootes]] which is straight north of α and β Cen would even stress the identification
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|'''The stars of Ea, Anu and Enlil.'''List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 9): <sup>mul d</sup>Šullat(˹pa˺<sup>?</sup>) u <sup><mul> d</sup>Ḫaniš(lugal) [CT, 33, 9 r. 19; HBA, 104; MCG, 176].  
|'''<s>The stars of Ea, Anu and Enlil.</s>'''
<s>List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 9):</s>
* <s><sup>mul d</sup>''Šullat''(˹pa˺<sup>?</sup>) u <sup><mul> d</sup>''Ḫaniš''(lugal) [CT<ref name=":3">''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref>, 33, 9 r. 19; HBA<ref name=":4">''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 104; MCG<ref>''Horowitz W''. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).</ref>, 176].</s>
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|'''EAE.'''  
|'''EAE.'''  
See. [Largement 1957, 248-249:66].  
See. [Largement 1957<ref name=":5">''Largement R.'' Contribution à l’Etudes des Astres errants dans l’Astrologie chaldéenne // ZA. 1957. Bd. 18. S.235-264. Abbreviated ACh.</ref>, 248-249:66].
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|'''MUL.APIN.'''  
|'''MUL.APIN.'''  
Stars of Ea (no. 7): 2 MUL<sup>meš</sup> ša<sub>2</sub> EGIR-šu<sub>2</sub> GUB<sup>me</sup>-zu <sup>d</sup>Šullat(PA) u <sup>d</sup>Ḫaniš(LUGAL) <sup>d</sup>UTU u dIM "2 stars that stand behind him (i.e. after <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> "the Harrow"), Shullat and Hanish, Shamash and Adad" (I ii 25) [MA, 37].  
Stars of Ea (no. 7):
 
* 2 MUL<sup>meš</sup> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB<sup>me</sup>-''zu'' <sup>d</sup>''Šullat''(PA) ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Ḫaniš''(LUGAL) <sup>d</sup>UTU ''u'' <sup>d</sup>IM
* "2 stars that stand behind him (i.e. after <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> "the Harrow"), Shullat and Hanish, Shamash and Adad" (I ii 25) [MA<ref name=":6">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 37].
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|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellenia".'''  
|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellenia".'''
(1) <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>Šullat u <sup>d</sup>Ḫaniš "Scintillation = Shullat and Hanish"; (2) 7 Heavenly Twins: <sup>mul d</sup>Šullat <sup>mul <d></sup>Ḫaniš [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:139, 234].  
* (1) <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>''Šullat u'' <sup>d</sup>''Ḫaniš'' "Scintillation = Shullat and Hanish";  
* (2) 7 Heavenly Twins: <sup>mul d</sup>''Šullat'' <sup>mul <d></sup>''Ḫaniš'' [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":7">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:139, 234].
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|'''List of stars VR 46, 1:30.'''  
|'''List of stars VR 46, 1:30.'''  
<sup>d</sup>Šullat(pa) u <sup>d</sup>Ḫaniš(lugal) = <sup>d</sup>utu u dim "Shullat and Hanish = Shamash and Adad" [HBA, 52:30; Wee 2016, 162-3].  
* <sup>d</sup>''Šullat''(pa) ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Ḫaniš''(lugal) = <sup>d</sup>utu ''u'' <sup>d</sup>im "Shullat and Hanish = Shamash and Adad" [HBA<ref name=":4" />, 52:30; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, 162-3].
* '''<u>KAV 142 obv. i 29: MUL.PA >[(x?)] ḪI< dLUGAL check with Pongrat Leisten???</u>'''
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|'''GU text.'''  
|'''GU text.'''  
<sup>d</sup>Šullat(PA) u Ḫaniš(LUGAL) "Shullat and Hanish" (ε Cen), see a06AB.SIN<sub>2</sub>.  
* <sup>d</sup>''Šullat''(PA) ''u Ḫaniš''(LUGAL) "Shullat and Hanish", see (Kurtin a06) [[AB.SIN|AB.SIN<sub>2</sub>]].
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|[[File:GU XI.jpg|thumb|GU XI with Šullat & Ḫaniš at its southern end; three options.]]
 
* α and β Cen<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). ''Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy'', tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin, 193-204</ref>
 
or Crux and these two as double-asterism
|-
|'''Dalbanna-text.'''
* § V. <sup>mul</sup>''Šullat''(PA) 4-''šu''<sub>2</sub> (in [G. 359] erroneously: pagar ŠU<sub>2</sub>) <sup>mul</sup>mar.[gid<sub>2</sub>].˹da˺ <sup>mul</sup>''Ḫaniš''(LUGAL) x [...] ˹mul.me˺ ''ḫe-pi''<sub>2</sub> 2 dal.ba.a[n.na dal. ba.an.n]a m[ul ...] "4 (stars) Shullata (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), Ch[ar]iot (η UMa), Hanish (α Cen?) [....] stars. Damage. 2 inter[val, inter]val. S[tar ...] [Walker 1995, 34; ASM<ref name=":8">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 107; Koch 1995<ref name=":9">''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 47, 60 Anm. 18].
* §W. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag [...] x <sup>mul d</sup>PA<sup>?</sup> x [...] <sup>mul</sup>''ku''-[''ma''-''ru'' ...] "Right foot [...], Shullat [...], shoul[der...]." [Walker 1995, 34-35; ASM<ref name=":8" />, 107]; according to [Koch 1995<ref name=":9" />, 46, 60]: <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag [ur.idim] <sup>mul d</sup>PA<sup>?</sup> ˹4˺-[šu<sub>2</sub>] <sup>mul</sup>''ku''-[''ma-ru'' Za.ba<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub>] "Right paw [Mad Dog] (γ Lup?), 4 (stars) of Shullat (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), shou[lder of Zababa] (ζ Oph).
* §X. a) <sup>mul d?</sup>PA<sup>?</sup>[4-''šu''<sub>2</sub>] "[4] (stars) of Shullat" (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), b) [<sup>mul</sup>LUGAL(''Ḫaniš'')] "[''Haniš'']" (α Cen), see (Kurtik e13) [[EN.TE.NA.BAR.ḪUM]].
* §g. <sup>mul</sup>''Šullat''(PA) <sup>mul</sup>''Ḫaniš''(LUGAL) ''u''<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag g[u<sub>4</sub>.alim 3 m]ul.meš du<sub>3</sub> šu<sub>2</sub>[x] "Shullat (β Cen?), Hanish (α Cen?), the right leg of the B[ull (κ Oph): 3 stars]. All of them? [...]" [Walker 1995, 36; Koch 1995<ref name=":9" />, 78; ASM<ref name=":8" />, 108-109].
* §h. <sup>mul</sup>''Šullat''(pa); according to [Koch 1995, 49, 61 Anm. 22] it should be <sup>mul</sup>''Ḫaniš''(lugal) here (α Cen?), see (Kurtik g19)[[GIR2.TAB|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]].
* §j. <sup>mul</sup>''Šullat''(pa) "shullat" (β Cen?), see (Kurtin g19) [[GIR2.TAB|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]]. See also: <sup>mul</sup>eme ur.gi<sub>7</sub> <sup>mul</sup>uz<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>sag sa.ri <<''u''<sub>3</sub>>> <sup>mul <d></sup>bad u<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> "Dog's tongue, Goat, Wildcat's head, Hanish and the Eagle." [ACh Sin<ref name=":10">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 13:31] as a variant entry of §z (?).
|to be updated after publication
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|'''Dalbanna-text.'''  
|'''LBAT 1502.'''  
§ V. <sup>mul</sup>Šullat(PA) 4-šu<sub>2</sub> (in [G. 359] erroneously: pagar ŠU<sub>2</sub>) <sup>mul</sup>mar.[gid<sub>2</sub>].˹da˺ <sup>mul</sup>Ḫaniš(LUGAL) x [...] ˹mul.me˺ ḫe-pi<sub>2</sub> 2 dal.ba.a[n.na dal. ba.an.n]a m[ul ...] "4 (stars) Shullata (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), Ch[ar]iot (η UMa), Hanish (α Cen?) [....] stars. Damage. 2 inter[val, inter]val. S[tar ...] [Walker 1995, 34; ASM, 107; Koch 1995, 47, 60 Anm. 18]. §W. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag [...] x <sup>mul d</sup>PA<sup>?</sup> x [...] mulku-[ma-ru ...] "Right foot [...], Shullat [...], shoul[der...]." [Walker 1995, 34-35; ASM, 107]; according to [Koch 1995, 46, 60]: <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag [ur.idim] <sup>mul d</sup>PA<sup>?</sup> ˹4˺-[šu<sub>2</sub>] <sup>mul</sup>ku-[ma-ru Za.ba<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub>] "Right paw [Mad Dog] (γ Lup?), 4 (stars) of Shullat (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), shou[lder of Zababa] (ζ Oph).
* <sup>d</sup>''Šullat''(PA) ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Ḫaniš''(LUGAL) — MUL<sub>2</sub> AN.TA.GUB.BA, see (Kurtin g05) [[GAM-ti|GAM-''ti'']].
 
§X. a) <sup>mul d?</sup>PA<sup>?</sup>[4-šu<sub>2</sub>] "[4] (stars) of Shullat" (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), b) [<sup>mul</sup>LUGAL(Ḫaniš)] "[Haniš]" (α Cen), see e13 [[EN.TE.NA.BAR.ḪUM]]. §g. <sup>mul</sup>Šullat(PA) <sup>mul</sup>Ḫaniš(LUGAL) u<sub>3</sub> mulgir<sub>3</sub> zag g[u<sub>4</sub>.alim 3 m]ul.meš du<sub>3</sub> šu<sub>2</sub>[x] "Shullat (β Cen?), Hanish (α Cen?), the right leg of the B[ull (κ Oph): 3 stars]. All of them? [...]" [Walker 1995, 36; Koch 1995, 78; ASM, 108-109]. §h. <sup>mul</sup>Šullat(pa); according to [Koch 1995, 49, 61 Anm. 22] it should be <sup>mul</sup>Ḫaniš(lugal) here (α Cen?), see g19[[GIR2.TAB|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]]. §j. <sup>mul</sup>Šullat(pa) "shullat" (β Cen?), see g19[[GIR2.TAB|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]]. See also: <sup>mul</sup>eme ur.gi<sub>7</sub> <sup>mul</sup>uz<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>sag sa.ri <<u<sub>3</sub>>> <sup>mul <d></sup>bad u<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> "Dog's tongue, Goat, Wildcat's head, Hanish and the Eagle." [ACh Sin, 13:31] as a variant entry of §z (?). LBAT 1502. <sup>d</sup>Šullat(PA) u <sup>d</sup>Ḫaniš(LUGAL) — MUL<sub>2</sub> AN.TA.GUB.BA, see g05[[GAM-ti]].
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In a late text of predicting nature found from Uruk, <sup>d</sup>PA and <sup>d</sup>LUGAL seem to be identified with <sup>múl</sup>E<sub>4</sub>.RU<sub>6</sub> and <sup>múl</sup>KI<sup>didli</sup> respectively [SpTU III, 1:13].
In a late text of predicting nature found from Uruk, <sup>d</sup>PA and <sup>d</sup>LUGAL seem to be identified with <sup>múl</sup>E<sub>4</sub>.RU<sub>6</sub> and <sup>múl</sup>KI<sup>didli</sup> respectively [SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 1:13].


See also <sup>d</sup>BAD <sup>d</sup>SAG.ME.GAR-ma... [ACh Suppl., 54:16].
See also <sup>d</sup>BAD <sup>d</sup>SAG.ME.GAR-''ma''... [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":10" />, 54:16].


====Stars within the Constellation Area ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
|-
!id
! Label
! IAU design.
!description
!Vmag
|-
|1
|[[Rigil Kentaurus]]
|HIP 71683
|within constellation lines
|0.01
|-
|2
|[[Hadar]]
|HIP 68702
|within constellation lines
|0.58
|}
===Additional===
===Additional===
         '''II. Deity.'''


         <sup>d</sup>Ḫanīš — an Akkadian deity whose name has been known since the Old Akkadian times; the name usually appears after and in pairs with that of the name <sup>d</sup>Šullat. The name apparently acquired astral significance no earlier than the 1st millennium B.C. In the Old Babylonian lists of the gods—inclusive of AN: <sup>d</sup>Anum (also in MUL.APIN and in V R 46,1, see above)—the name has been identified with Adad, the god of thunder [Litke 1998, 146-147:283, 283a; Roberts 1972, 30; Weidner 1924-25, 18:29]. However, in the epic of Gilgamesh (XI 96-100), Shullat and Hanish precede Adad and are called his "messengers". [I will reveal it to you., 189]; perhaps they were embodied representations of the leading and overhanging edge of storm clouds [Roberts 1972, 30; Tallqvist 1938, 321].
==== II. Deity. ====
         <sup>d</sup>''Ḫanīš'' — an Akkadian deity whose name has been known since the Old Akkadian times; the name usually appears after and in pairs with that of the name <sup>d</sup>''Šullat''. The name apparently acquired astral significance no earlier than the 1st millennium B.C. In the Old Babylonian lists of the gods—inclusive of AN: <sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (also in MUL.APIN and in V R 46,1, see above)—the name has been identified with Adad, the god of thunder [Litke 1998<ref name=":0" />, 146-147:283, 283a; Roberts 1972<ref name=":1" />, 30; Weidner 1924-25<ref>''Weidner E.'' Altbabylonische Götterlisten // AfO. 1924-1925. Bd. 2. S. 1-18, 71-82.</ref>, 18:29]. However, in the epic of Gilgamesh (XI 96-100), Shullat and Hanish precede Adad and are called his "messengers". [I will reveal it to you., 189]; perhaps they were embodied representations of the leading and overhanging edge of storm clouds [Roberts 1972<ref name=":1" />, 30; Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 321].


         '''III. Identification.'''
==== III. Identification. ====
         “Shullat and Hanish” is interpreted as being a part of one constellation consisting of 2 stars, see MUL.APIN and text 82-5-22, 512 [CT<ref name=":3" /> 33, 9].


         “Shullat and Hanish” is interpreted as being a part of one constellation consisting of 2 stars, see MUL.APIN and text 82-5-22, 512 [CT 33, 9].
         = α Centauri [Gössmann<ref name=":2" /> 240, I A].


         = α Centauri [G. 240, I A].
         = α + β Centauri, respectively <sup>mul</sup>''Šullat'' and <sup>mul</sup>''Ḫaniš'' [Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 79-80].


         = α + β Centauri, respectively <sup>mul</sup>Šullat and <sup>mul</sup>Ḫaniš [Weidner 1957-59, 79-80].
         = μ and ν Centauri(?) respectively <sup>mul</sup>''Šullat'' and <sup>mul</sup>''Ḫaniš'' [MA<ref name=":6" />, 138].


         = μ and ν Centauri(?) respectively <sup>mul</sup>Šullat and <sup>mul</sup>Ḫaniš [MA, 138].
         = ε Centauri [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, 320; ASM<ref name=":8" />, 92].


         = ε Centauri [Pingree-Walker 1988, 320; ASM, 92].
         = β and α Centauri respectively <sup>d</sup>''Šullat'' and ''Ḫaniš'' [Koch 1992<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161 // WO. 1992. Bd. 23. S. 39-67.</ref>, 58].


         = β and α Centauri respectively <sup>d</sup>Šullat and Ḫaniš [Koch 1992, 58].
         = part of Centauri (?) [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":7" />, 208, App. C].


         = part of Centauri (?) [Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C].
         = ε or ν Centauri(?) [ASM<ref name=":8" />, 273].
 
         = ε or ν Centauri(?) [ASM, 273].


         See also the dalbanna-text, which refers to the four stars of Shullat.
         See also the dalbanna-text, which refers to the four stars of Shullat.


         '''IV. Astrology.'''
==== IV. Astrology. ====
 
         (1) The planet and Hanish; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM <sup>d</sup>BAD BUR<sub>3</sub> ''u ad''<sub>2</sub>-''riš'' TU DINGIR KUR-''ma'' DUG ''la'' ZAḪ<sub>3</sub> "If the planet pierces Hanish and becomes dark: a god will strike the dwellings, (but) it will not disappear" [AAT<ref>''Craig J.A.'' Astrological-astronomical Texts. Leipzig, 1899.</ref>, 42:14; Largement 1957<ref name=":5" />, 248-249:66; TU<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 16 r. 5].
         (1) The planet and Hanish; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM <sup>d</sup>BAD BUR<sub>3</sub> u ad<sub>2</sub>-riš TU DINGIR KUR-ma DUG la ZAḪ<sub>3</sub> "If the planet pierces Hanish and becomes dark: a god will strike the dwellings, (but) it will not disappear" [AAT, 42:14; Largement 1957, 248-249:66; TU, 16 r. 5].


         This seems to suggest an identification of Hanish with a planet or constellation within the zodiacal belt, since the Hanish constellation itself was located far outside of the belt.
         This seems to suggest an identification of Hanish with a planet or constellation within the zodiacal belt, since the Hanish constellation itself was located far outside of the belt.
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Kurtik (2022, a13)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Kurtik (2022, h03)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
|-
|-
|вар. чтения: dḪanīš (LUGAL, BAD) «Подчинение, приведение в покорность(?)» [Gelb 1950, 196; Litke 1998, 145:272; Roberts 1972, 29]; божество, которое в паре с dŠullat(PA) (sh26) обозначало созвездие в пределах Центавра (Centaurus) [G. 182; 240, I A].
|вар. чтения: <sup>d</sup>Ḫanīš (LUGAL, BAD) «Подчинение, приведение в покорность(?)» [Gelb 1950, 196; Litke 1998, 145:272; Roberts 1972, 29]; божество, которое в паре с <sup>d</sup>Šullat(PA) (sh26) обозначало созвездие в пределах Центавра (Centaurus) [G. 182; 240, I A].
           I. Источники.
           I. Источники.


«Астролябии». Astrolabe B. Список (12´3): mulmaš.tab.ba.gal.gal ša2 ina igi-it dA-nim gub / dŠullat(pa) u3 dḪaniš(lugal) «Большие Близнецы, которые стоят впереди Ану, Шуллат и Ханиш» [KAV 218, B ii 22–23; Horowitz 2014, 38 rev. col. ii 3–4]. Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ea (№ 9): mul dŠullat(˹pa˺?) u <mul> dḪaniš(lugal) [CT, 33, 9 r. 19; HBA, 104; MCG, 176]. EAE. См. [Largement 1957, 248–249:66]. MUL.APIN. Звезды Эа (№ 7): 2 MULmeš ša2 EGIR-šu2 GUBme-zu dŠullat(PA) u dḪaniš(LUGAL) dUTU u dIM «2 звезды, которые стоят позади него (т.е. после mul gišGAN2.UR3 «Борона»), Шуллат и Ханиш, Шамаш и Адад» (I ii 25) [MA, 37]. «Большой список звезд». (1) mulan.ta.sur.ra = dŠullat u dḪaniš «Сверкание = Шуллат и Ханиш»; (2) 7 Небесных Близнецов: mul dŠullat mul <d>Ḫaniš [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:139, 234]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:30. dŠullat(pa) u dḪaniš(lugal) = dutu u dim «Шуллат и Ханиш = Шамаш и Адад» [HBA, 52:30; Wee 2016, 162–3]. GU-текст. dŠullat(PA) u Ḫaniš(LUGAL) «Шуллат и Ханиш» (ε Cen), см. a06AB.SIN2. Dalbanna-текст. § V. mulŠullat(PA) 4-šu2 (в [G. 359] ошибочно: pagar ŠU2) mulmar.[gid2].˹da˺ mulḪaniš(LUGAL) x […] ˹mul.me˺ ḫe-pi2 2 dal.ba.a[n.na dal.ba.an.n]a m[ul …] «4 (звезды) Шуллата (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), Ко[лес]ница (η UMa), Ханиш (α Cen?) [….] звезды. Повреждение. 2 интер[вала, интер]вал. З[везда …] [Walker 1995, 34; ASM, 107; Koch 1995, 47, 60 Anm. 18]. §W. mulgir3 zag […] x mul dPA? x […] mulku-[ma-ru …] «Правая нога […], Шуллат […], пле[чо …]» [Walker 1995, 34–35; ASM, 107]; согласно [Koch 1995, 46, 60]: mulgir3 zag [ur.idim] mul dPA? ˹4˺-[šu2] mulku-[ma-ru  Za.ba4.ba4] «Правая лапа [Бешеного Пса] (γ Lup?), 4 (звезды) Шуллата (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), пле[чо Забабы] (ζ Oph)». §X. a) mul d?PA?[4-šu2] «[4] (звезды) Шуллата» (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), b) [mulLUGAL(Ḫaniš)] «[Ханиш]» (α Cen), см. e13EN.TE.NA.BAR.ḪUM. §g. mulŠullat(PA) mulḪaniš(LUGAL) u3 mulgir3 zag g[u4.alim 3 m]ul.meš du3 šu2[x] «Шуллат (β Cen?), Ханиш (α Cen?), правая нога Б[ыка (κ Oph): 3 зв]езды. Все из них? […]» [Walker 1995, 36; Koch 1995, 78; ASM, 108–109]. §h. mulŠullat(pa); согласно [Koch 1995, 49, 61 Anm. 22], здесь должно быть mulḪaniš(lugal) (α  Cen?), см. g19GIR2.TAB. §j. mulŠullat(pa) «Шуллат» (β Cen?), см. g19GIR2.TAB. См. также: muleme ur.gi7 muluz3 mulsag sa.ri <<u3>> mul <d>bad u3 mulTI8mušen «Язык Пса, Коза, Голова Дикого Кота, Ханиш и Орел» [ACh Sin, 13:31] как вариант записи §z (?). Текст Nv. 10. (mul)lugal ― звезда AN.TA.ŠU2.UR.RA в месяце симану, см. sh17ŠU.PA; lugal = dḪaniš(α Cen), согласно [Donbaz–Koch 1995, 70, Anm. 16]. LBAT  1502. dŠullat(PA) u dḪaniš(LUGAL) — MUL2 AN.TA.GUB.BA, см. g05GAM-ti.
«Астролябии». Astrolabe B. Список (12´3): <sup>mul</sup>maš.tab.ba.gal.gal ša<sub>2</sub> ina igi-it <sup>d</sup>A-nim gub / <sup>d</sup>Šullat(pa) u<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>Ḫaniš(lugal) «Большие Близнецы, которые стоят впереди Ану, Шуллат и Ханиш» [KAV 218, B ii 22–23; Horowitz 2014, 38 rev. col. ii 3–4]. Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ea (№ 9): <sup>mul d</sup>Šullat(˹pa˺<sup>?</sup>) u <sup><mul> d</sup>Ḫaniš(lugal) [CT, 33, 9 r. 19; HBA, 104; MCG, 176]. EAE. См. [Largement 1957, 248–249:66]. MUL.APIN. Звезды Эа (№ 7): 2 MUL<sup>meš</sup> ša<sub>2</sub> EGIR-šu<sub>2</sub> GUB<sup>me</sup>-zu <sup>d</sup>Šullat(PA) u <sup>d</sup>Ḫaniš(LUGAL) <sup>d</sup>UTU u <sup>d</sup>IM «2 звезды, которые стоят позади него (т.е. после <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> «Борона»), Шуллат и Ханиш, Шамаш и Адад» (I ii 25) [MA, 37]. «Большой список звезд». (1) <sup>mul</sup>an.ta.sur.ra = <sup>d</sup>Šullat u <sup>d</sup>Ḫaniš «Сверкание = Шуллат и Ханиш»; (2) 7 Небесных Близнецов: <sup>mul d</sup>Šullat <sup>mul <d></sup>Ḫaniš [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:139, 234]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:30. <sup>d</sup>Šullat(pa) u <sup>d</sup>Ḫaniš(lugal) = <sup>d</sup>utu u <sup>d</sup>im «Шуллат и Ханиш = Шамаш и Адад» [HBA, 52:30; Wee 2016, 162–3]. GU-текст. <sup>d</sup>Šullat(PA) u Ḫaniš(LUGAL) «Шуллат и Ханиш» (ε Cen), см. a06AB.SIN<sub>2</sub>. Dalbanna-текст. § V. <sup>mul</sup>Šullat(PA) 4-šu<sub>2</sub> (в [G. 359] ошибочно: pagar ŠU<sub>2</sub>) <sup>mul</sup>mar.[gid<sub>2</sub>].˹da˺ <sup>mul</sup>Ḫaniš(LUGAL) x […] ˹mul.me˺ ḫe-pi<sub>2</sub> 2 dal.ba.a[n.na dal.ba.an.n]a m[ul …] «4 (звезды) Шуллата (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), Ко[лес]ница (η UMa), Ханиш (α Cen?) [….] звезды. Повреждение. 2 интер[вала, интер]вал. З[везда …] [Walker 1995, 34; ASM, 107; Koch 1995, 47, 60 Anm. 18]. §W. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag […] x mul <sup>d</sup>PA? x […] <sup>mul</sup>ku-[ma-ru …] «Правая нога […], Шуллат […], пле[чо …]» [Walker 1995, 34–35; ASM, 107]; согласно [Koch 1995, 46, 60]: <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag [ur.idim] <sup>mul d</sup>PA? ˹4˺-[šu<sub>2</sub>] <sup>mul</sup>ku-[ma-ru  Za.ba<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub>] «Правая лапа [Бешеного Пса] (γ Lup?), 4 (звезды) Шуллата (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), пле[чо Забабы] (ζ Oph)». §X. a) <sup>mul d?</sup>PA<sup>?</sup>[4-šu<sub>2</sub>] «[4] (звезды) Шуллата» (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), b) [<sup>mul</sup>LUGAL(Ḫaniš)] «[Ханиш]» (α Cen), см. e13EN.TE.NA.BAR.ḪUM. §g. <sup>mul</sup>Šullat(PA) <sup>mul</sup>Ḫaniš(LUGAL) u<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag g[u<sub>4</sub>.alim 3 m]ul.meš <sup>d</sup>u<sub>3</sub> šu<sub>2</sub>[x] «Шуллат (β Cen?), Ханиш (α Cen?), правая нога Б[ыка (κ Oph): 3 зв]езды. Все из них? […]» [Walker 1995, 36; Koch 1995, 78; ASM, 108–109]. §h. <sup>mul</sup>Šullat(pa); согласно [Koch 1995, 49, 61 Anm. 22], здесь должно быть <sup>mul</sup>Ḫaniš(lugal) (α  Cen?), см. g19GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB. §j. <sup>mul</sup>Šullat(pa) «Шуллат» (β Cen?), см. g19GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB. См. также: <sup>mul</sup>eme ur.gi<sub>7</sub> <sup>mul</sup>uz<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>sag sa.ri <<u<sub>3</sub>>> <sup>mul <d></sup>bad u<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> «Язык Пса, Коза, Голова Дикого Кота, Ханиш и Орел» [ACh Sin, 13:31] как вариант записи §z (?). Текст Nv. 10. <sup>(mul)</sup>lugal ― звезда AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA в месяце симану, см. sh17ŠU.PA; lugal = <sup>d</sup>Ḫaniš(α Cen), согласно [Donbaz–Koch 1995, 70, Anm. 16]. LBAT  1502. <sup>d</sup>Šullat(PA) u <sup>d</sup>Ḫaniš(LUGAL) — MUL<sub>2</sub> AN.TA.GUB.BA, см. g05GAM-ti.


В позднем предсказательном тексте из Урука, dPA и dLUGAL отождествляются, кажется, с múlE4.RU6 и múlKIdidli соответственно [SpTU III, 1:13].
В позднем предсказательном тексте из Урука, <sup>d</sup>PA и <sup>d</sup>LUGAL отождествляются, кажется, с <sup>múl</sup>E<sub>4</sub>.RU<sub>6</sub> и <sup>múl</sup>KI<sup>didli</sup> соответственно [SpTU III, 1:13].


См. также dBAD dSAG.ME.GAR-ma… [ACh Suppl., 54:16].
См. также <sup>d</sup>BAD <sup>d</sup>SAG.ME.GAR-ma… [ACh Suppl., 54:16].


II. Божество.
II. Божество.


dḪanīš — аккадское божество, имя которого известно со староаккадского периода; встречается, как правило, в паре с dŠullat на втором месте. Астральное значение приобрело, по-видимому, не ранее I тыс. до н.э. В списках богов старовавилонского периода, в том числе в AN:dAnum (а также в MUL.APIN и в V R 46,1, см. выше) отождествляется с богом грозы Ададом [Litke 1998, 146–147:283, 283a; Roberts 1972, 30; Weidner 1924–25, 18:29]. Однако в эпосе о Гильгамеше (XI 96–100) Шуллат и Ханиш предшествуют Ададу и названы его «гонцами» [Я открою тебе., 189]; возможно, они олицетворяли нависающий передний край облаков приближающегося штормового фронта [Roberts 1972, 30; Tallqvist 1938, 321].
<sup>d</sup>Ḫanīš — аккадское божество, имя которого известно со староаккадского периода; встречается, как правило, в паре с <sup>d</sup>Šullat на втором месте. Астральное значение приобрело, по-видимому, не ранее I тыс. до н.э. В списках богов старовавилонского периода, в том числе в AN:<sup>d</sup>Anum (а также в MUL.APIN и в V R 46,1, см. выше) отождествляется с богом грозы Ададом [Litke 1998, 146–147:283, 283a; Roberts 1972, 30; Weidner 1924–25, 18:29]. Однако в эпосе о Гильгамеше (XI 96–100) Шуллат и Ханиш предшествуют Ададу и названы его «гонцами» [Я открою тебе., 189]; возможно, они олицетворяли нависающий передний край облаков приближающегося штормового фронта [Roberts 1972, 30; Tallqvist 1938, 321].


III. Отождествление.
III. Отождествление.
Line 102: Line 166:
= α Centauri [G. 240, I A].
= α Centauri [G. 240, I A].


= α + β Centauri, соответственно mulŠullat и mulḪaniš [Weidner 1957–59, 79–80].
= α + β Centauri, соответственно <sup>mul</sup>Šullat и <sup>mul</sup>Ḫaniš [Weidner 1957–59, 79–80].


= μ и ν Centauri(?) соответственно mulŠullat и mulḪaniš [MA, 138].
= μ и ν Centauri(?) соответственно <sup>mul</sup>Šullat и <sup>mul</sup>Ḫaniš [MA, 138].


= ε Centauri [Pingree–Walker 1988, 320; ASM, 92].
= ε Centauri [Pingree–Walker 1988, 320; ASM, 92].


= β и α Centauri соответственно dŠullat и Ḫaniš [Koch 1992, 58].
= β и α Centauri соответственно <sup>d</sup>Šullat и Ḫaniš [Koch 1992, 58].


= часть Центавра (?) [Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C].
= часть Центавра (?) [Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C].
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IV. Астрология.
IV. Астрология.


(1) Планета и Ханиш; DIŠ mulUDU.IDIM dBAD BUR3 u ad2-riš TU DINGIR KUR-ma DUG la ZAḪ3 «Если планета пронзает Ханиш и заходит темной: бог ударит по жилищу, (но) оно не исчезнет» [AAT, 42:14; Largement 1957, 248–249:66; TU, 16 r. 5].
(1) Планета и Ханиш; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM <sup>d</sup>BAD BUR<sub>3</sub> u ad<sub>2</sub>-riš TU DINGIR KUR-ma DUG la ZAḪ<sub>3</sub> «Если планета пронзает Ханиш и заходит темной: бог ударит по жилищу, (но) оно не исчезнет» [AAT, 42:14; Largement 1957, 248–249:66; TU, 16 r. 5].


Здесь предполагается, по-видимому, отождествление Ханиш с какой-либо планетой или созвездием из зодиакального пояса, поскольку само созвездие Ханиш находилось далеко за его пределами.
Здесь предполагается, по-видимому, отождествление Ханиш с какой-либо планетой или созвездием из зодиакального пояса, поскольку само созвездие Ханиш находилось далеко за его пределами.
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[[Category:Akkadian]]  
[[Category:Akkadian]]  
[[Category:Constellation]]  
[[Category:Constellation]]  
[[Category:West Asian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]]
[[Category:Deity]]
[[Category:Cen]]

Latest revision as of 11:52, 15 June 2026

Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Susanne M Hoffmann, Wayne Horowitz, Youla Azkarrula

mul / dḪaniš (𒀯𒈗) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism, most probably a name for a single star. It occurs only in combination with the name dŠullat(PA), which likely refers to two similar asterisms or single-stars o (e.g. of similar appearance,brightness, close to each other). This explains he inclusion of Šullat and Hanish in the list of '7 twins' in The Great Star List and the parallel lists in 5R 46 and the compendium KAR 142. In MUL.APIN the pair are listed as a single entity standing after mul gišGAN2.UR3 "the Harrow." In the star-catalogue of Astrolab B (KAV 218) the deities Šullat and Hanish are identified with mulMAŠ.TA.BA.GAL.GAL, 'The Great Twins.'

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

See Šullat (Kurtin sh26) & Ḫaniš (Kurtk h03).

Var. readings:

  • dḪanīš (LUGAL, BAD) "Subjugation, bringing into submission(?)". [Gelb 1950[2], 196; Litke 1998[3], 145:272; Roberts 1972[4], 29]; a deity that paired with dŠullat(PA) (sh26) denoted a constellation within Centaurus (Centaurus) [Gössmann[5] 182; 240, I A].

Sources and Identification(s)

Sources Identifications
Three Stars Each (Astrolabe Group).

Horowitz 2014 (mulŠullat dHaniš)

Star Catalogue (Šullat and Haniš identified with mulmaš.tab.ba.gal.gal, 'The Great Twins)

  • mulmaš.tab.ba.gal.gal ša2 ina igi-it dA-nim gub / dŠullat(pa) u3 dḪaniš(lugal)
  • "The Great Twins that stand ahead of Anu, Šullat and Hanish" [Horowitz 2014[6], 38 rev. col. ii 3-4, KAV[7] 218, B ii 22-23].

CT 33 9 and Nv. 10:

  • CT 33 9 r. 19):
    • mul dŠullat(˹pa˺?) u <mul> dḪaniš(lugal), (Ea 9) [Horowitz 2014: 210 (Ea 9).
  • Nv. 10: 32:
    • ˹mulPA u d˺LUGAL (AN.TA.ŠU2.UR.RA in the month of Simanu),
  • See also Nv. 10: 7:
    • [mulLUGAL] u MUL ˹šu˺.PA (for [Haniš] and Šullat), [Fincke 2025: 67-68; Horowitz 2014 216-218, with discussion on p. 223; Donbaz-Koch 1995[8], 70, Anm. 16].
  • Star Catalogue
    • There is no necessity to read "the great twins" as a proper name. As they are said to be "two stars" in MUL.APIN, we can well read the star catalogue in the same way: Šullat and Ḫaniš are great twins (in the sense of two very bright stars next to each other): that would be in line with the identification of α and β Cen from the GU-text.
  • CT 33 and Nv. 10.
    • no contradiction
    • no contradiction
    • no contradiction - taking this as a punning reference to the ŠU.PA asterism in Bootes which is straight north of α and β Cen would even stress the identification
The stars of Ea, Anu and Enlil.

List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 9):

  • mul dŠullat(˹pa˺?) u <mul> dḪaniš(lugal) [CT[9], 33, 9 r. 19; HBA[10], 104; MCG[11], 176].
EAE.

See. [Largement 1957[12], 248-249:66].

MUL.APIN.

Stars of Ea (no. 7):

  • 2 MULmeš ša2 EGIR-šu2 GUBme-zu dŠullat(PA) u dḪaniš(LUGAL) dUTU u dIM
  • "2 stars that stand behind him (i.e. after mul gišGAN2.UR3 "the Harrow"), Shullat and Hanish, Shamash and Adad" (I ii 25) [MA[13], 37].
"The Great Star List and Miscellenia".
  • (1) mulan.ta.sur.ra = dŠullat u dḪaniš "Scintillation = Shullat and Hanish";
  • (2) 7 Heavenly Twins: mul dŠullat mul <d>Ḫaniš [Mesop.Astrol.[14], App. B:139, 234].
List of stars VR 46, 1:30.
  • dŠullat(pa) u dḪaniš(lugal) = dutu u dim "Shullat and Hanish = Shamash and Adad" [HBA[10], 52:30; Wee 2016[15], 162-3].
  • KAV 142 obv. i 29: MUL.PA >[(x?)] ḪI< dLUGAL check with Pongrat Leisten???
GU text.
  • dŠullat(PA) u Ḫaniš(LUGAL) "Shullat and Hanish", see (Kurtin a06) AB.SIN2.
GU XI with Šullat & Ḫaniš at its southern end; three options.

or Crux and these two as double-asterism

Dalbanna-text.
  • § V. mulŠullat(PA) 4-šu2 (in [G. 359] erroneously: pagar ŠU2) mulmar.[gid2].˹da˺ mulḪaniš(LUGAL) x [...] ˹mul.me˺ ḫe-pi2 2 dal.ba.a[n.na dal. ba.an.n]a m[ul ...] "4 (stars) Shullata (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), Ch[ar]iot (η UMa), Hanish (α Cen?) [....] stars. Damage. 2 inter[val, inter]val. S[tar ...] [Walker 1995, 34; ASM[17], 107; Koch 1995[18], 47, 60 Anm. 18].
  • §W. mulgir3 zag [...] x mul dPA? x [...] mulku-[ma-ru ...] "Right foot [...], Shullat [...], shoul[der...]." [Walker 1995, 34-35; ASM[17], 107]; according to [Koch 1995[18], 46, 60]: mulgir3 zag [ur.idim] mul dPA? ˹4˺-[šu2] mulku-[ma-ru Za.ba4.ba4] "Right paw [Mad Dog] (γ Lup?), 4 (stars) of Shullat (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), shou[lder of Zababa] (ζ Oph).
  • §X. a) mul d?PA?[4-šu2] "[4] (stars) of Shullat" (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), b) [mulLUGAL(Ḫaniš)] "[Haniš]" (α Cen), see (Kurtik e13) *EN.TE.NA.BAR.ḪUM.
  • §g. mulŠullat(PA) mulḪaniš(LUGAL) u3 mulgir3 zag g[u4.alim 3 m]ul.meš du3 šu2[x] "Shullat (β Cen?), Hanish (α Cen?), the right leg of the B[ull (κ Oph): 3 stars]. All of them? [...]" [Walker 1995, 36; Koch 1995[18], 78; ASM[17], 108-109].
  • §h. mulŠullat(pa); according to [Koch 1995, 49, 61 Anm. 22] it should be mulḪaniš(lugal) here (α Cen?), see (Kurtik g19)GIR2.TAB, zuqaqīpu.
  • §j. mulŠullat(pa) "shullat" (β Cen?), see (Kurtin g19) GIR2.TAB, zuqaqīpu. See also: muleme ur.gi7 muluz3 mulsag sa.ri <<u3>> mul <d>bad u3 mulTI8mušen "Dog's tongue, Goat, Wildcat's head, Hanish and the Eagle." [ACh Sin[19], 13:31] as a variant entry of §z (?).
 to be updated after publication
LBAT 1502.
  • dŠullat(PA) u dḪaniš(LUGAL) — MUL2 AN.TA.GUB.BA, see (Kurtin g05) GAM, kippatu.

In a late text of predicting nature found from Uruk, dPA and dLUGAL seem to be identified with múlE4.RU6 and múlKIdidli respectively [SpTU III[20], 1:13].

See also dBAD dSAG.ME.GAR-ma... [ACh Suppl.[19], 54:16].

Stars within the Constellation Area

id Label IAU design. description Vmag
1 Rigil Kentaurus HIP 71683 within constellation lines 0.01
2 Hadar HIP 68702 within constellation lines 0.58

Additional

II. Deity.

         dḪanīš — an Akkadian deity whose name has been known since the Old Akkadian times; the name usually appears after and in pairs with that of the name dŠullat. The name apparently acquired astral significance no earlier than the 1st millennium B.C. In the Old Babylonian lists of the gods—inclusive of AN: dAnum (also in MUL.APIN and in V R 46,1, see above)—the name has been identified with Adad, the god of thunder [Litke 1998[3], 146-147:283, 283a; Roberts 1972[4], 30; Weidner 1924-25[21], 18:29]. However, in the epic of Gilgamesh (XI 96-100), Shullat and Hanish precede Adad and are called his "messengers". [I will reveal it to you., 189]; perhaps they were embodied representations of the leading and overhanging edge of storm clouds [Roberts 1972[4], 30; Tallqvist 1938[22], 321].

III. Identification.

         “Shullat and Hanish” is interpreted as being a part of one constellation consisting of 2 stars, see MUL.APIN and text 82-5-22, 512 [CT[9] 33, 9].

         = α Centauri [Gössmann[5] 240, I A].

         = α + β Centauri, respectively mulŠullat and mulḪaniš [Weidner 1957-59[23], 79-80].

         = μ and ν Centauri(?) respectively mulŠullat and mulḪaniš [MA[13], 138].

         = ε Centauri [Pingree-Walker 1988[24], 320; ASM[17], 92].

         = β and α Centauri respectively dŠullat and Ḫaniš [Koch 1992[25], 58].

         = part of Centauri (?) [Mesop.Astrol.[14], 208, App. C].

         = ε or ν Centauri(?) [ASM[17], 273].

         See also the dalbanna-text, which refers to the four stars of Shullat.

IV. Astrology.

         (1) The planet and Hanish; DIŠ mulUDU.IDIM dBAD BUR3 u ad2-riš TU DINGIR KUR-ma DUG la ZAḪ3 "If the planet pierces Hanish and becomes dark: a god will strike the dwellings, (but) it will not disappear" [AAT[26], 42:14; Largement 1957[12], 248-249:66; TU[27], 16 r. 5].

         This seems to suggest an identification of Hanish with a planet or constellation within the zodiacal belt, since the Hanish constellation itself was located far outside of the belt.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, h03) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: dḪanīš (LUGAL, BAD) «Подчинение, приведение в покорность(?)» [Gelb 1950, 196; Litke 1998, 145:272; Roberts 1972, 29]; божество, которое в паре с dŠullat(PA) (sh26) обозначало созвездие в пределах Центавра (Centaurus) [G. 182; 240, I A].

           I. Источники.

«Астролябии». Astrolabe B. Список (12´3): mulmaš.tab.ba.gal.gal ša2 ina igi-it dA-nim gub / dŠullat(pa) u3 dḪaniš(lugal) «Большие Близнецы, которые стоят впереди Ану, Шуллат и Ханиш» [KAV 218, B ii 22–23; Horowitz 2014, 38 rev. col. ii 3–4]. Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ea (№ 9): mul dŠullat(˹pa˺?) u <mul> dḪaniš(lugal) [CT, 33, 9 r. 19; HBA, 104; MCG, 176]. EAE. См. [Largement 1957, 248–249:66]. MUL.APIN. Звезды Эа (№ 7): 2 MULmeš ša2 EGIR-šu2 GUBme-zu dŠullat(PA) u dḪaniš(LUGAL) dUTU u dIM «2 звезды, которые стоят позади него (т.е. после mul gišGAN2.UR3 «Борона»), Шуллат и Ханиш, Шамаш и Адад» (I ii 25) [MA, 37]. «Большой список звезд». (1) mulan.ta.sur.ra = dŠullat u dḪaniš «Сверкание = Шуллат и Ханиш»; (2) 7 Небесных Близнецов: mul dŠullat mul <d>Ḫaniš [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:139, 234]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:30. dŠullat(pa) u dḪaniš(lugal) = dutu u dim «Шуллат и Ханиш = Шамаш и Адад» [HBA, 52:30; Wee 2016, 162–3]. GU-текст. dŠullat(PA) u Ḫaniš(LUGAL) «Шуллат и Ханиш» (ε Cen), см. a06AB.SIN2. Dalbanna-текст. § V. mulŠullat(PA) 4-šu2 (в [G. 359] ошибочно: pagar ŠU2) mulmar.[gid2].˹da˺ mulḪaniš(LUGAL) x […] ˹mul.me˺ ḫe-pi2 2 dal.ba.a[n.na dal.ba.an.n]a m[ul …] «4 (звезды) Шуллата (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), Ко[лес]ница (η UMa), Ханиш (α Cen?) [….] звезды. Повреждение. 2 интер[вала, интер]вал. З[везда …] [Walker 1995, 34; ASM, 107; Koch 1995, 47, 60 Anm. 18]. §W. mulgir3 zag […] x mul dPA? x […] mulku-[ma-ru …] «Правая нога […], Шуллат […], пле[чо …]» [Walker 1995, 34–35; ASM, 107]; согласно [Koch 1995, 46, 60]: mulgir3 zag [ur.idim] mul dPA? ˹4˺-[šu2] mulku-[ma-ru  Za.ba4.ba4] «Правая лапа [Бешеного Пса] (γ Lup?), 4 (звезды) Шуллата (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), пле[чо Забабы] (ζ Oph)». §X. a) mul d?PA?[4-šu2] «[4] (звезды) Шуллата» (321G, 328G, 340G, υ Cen), b) [mulLUGAL(Ḫaniš)] «[Ханиш]» (α Cen), см. e13EN.TE.NA.BAR.ḪUM. §g. mulŠullat(PA) mulḪaniš(LUGAL) u3 mulgir3 zag g[u4.alim 3 m]ul.meš du3 šu2[x] «Шуллат (β Cen?), Ханиш (α Cen?), правая нога Б[ыка (κ Oph): 3 зв]езды. Все из них? […]» [Walker 1995, 36; Koch 1995, 78; ASM, 108–109]. §h. mulŠullat(pa); согласно [Koch 1995, 49, 61 Anm. 22], здесь должно быть mulḪaniš(lugal) (α  Cen?), см. g19GIR2.TAB. §j. mulŠullat(pa) «Шуллат» (β Cen?), см. g19GIR2.TAB. См. также: muleme ur.gi7 muluz3 mulsag sa.ri <<u3>> mul <d>bad u3 mulTI8mušen «Язык Пса, Коза, Голова Дикого Кота, Ханиш и Орел» [ACh Sin, 13:31] как вариант записи §z (?). Текст Nv. 10. (mul)lugal ― звезда AN.TA.ŠU2.UR.RA в месяце симану, см. sh17ŠU.PA; lugal = dḪaniš(α Cen), согласно [Donbaz–Koch 1995, 70, Anm. 16]. LBAT  1502. dŠullat(PA) u dḪaniš(LUGAL) — MUL2 AN.TA.GUB.BA, см. g05GAM-ti.

В позднем предсказательном тексте из Урука, dPA и dLUGAL отождествляются, кажется, с múlE4.RU6 и múlKIdidli соответственно [SpTU III, 1:13].

См. также dBAD dSAG.ME.GAR-ma… [ACh Suppl., 54:16].

II. Божество.

dḪanīš — аккадское божество, имя которого известно со староаккадского периода; встречается, как правило, в паре с dŠullat на втором месте. Астральное значение приобрело, по-видимому, не ранее I тыс. до н.э. В списках богов старовавилонского периода, в том числе в AN:dAnum (а также в MUL.APIN и в V R 46,1, см. выше) отождествляется с богом грозы Ададом [Litke 1998, 146–147:283, 283a; Roberts 1972, 30; Weidner 1924–25, 18:29]. Однако в эпосе о Гильгамеше (XI 96–100) Шуллат и Ханиш предшествуют Ададу и названы его «гонцами» [Я открою тебе., 189]; возможно, они олицетворяли нависающий передний край облаков приближающегося штормового фронта [Roberts 1972, 30; Tallqvist 1938, 321].

III. Отождествление.

Сочетание «Шуллат и Ханиш» трактовалось как одно созвездие, состоящее из 2 звезд, см. MUL.APIN и текст 82-5-22, 512 [CT 33, 9].

= α Centauri [G. 240, I A].

= α + β Centauri, соответственно mulŠullat и mulḪaniš [Weidner 1957–59, 79–80].

= μ и ν Centauri(?) соответственно mulŠullat и mulḪaniš [MA, 138].

= ε Centauri [Pingree–Walker 1988, 320; ASM, 92].

= β и α Centauri соответственно dŠullat и Ḫaniš [Koch 1992, 58].

= часть Центавра (?) [Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C].

= ε или ν Centauri(?) [ASM, 273].

Cм. также dalbanna-текст, где речь идет о 4 звездах Шуллат.

IV. Астрология.

(1) Планета и Ханиш; DIŠ mulUDU.IDIM dBAD BUR3 u ad2-riš TU DINGIR KUR-ma DUG la ZAḪ3 «Если планета пронзает Ханиш и заходит темной: бог ударит по жилищу, (но) оно не исчезнет» [AAT, 42:14; Largement 1957, 248–249:66; TU, 16 r. 5].

Здесь предполагается, по-видимому, отождествление Ханиш с какой-либо планетой или созвездием из зодиакального пояса, поскольку само созвездие Ханиш находилось далеко за его пределами.

Example

References

  1. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  2. ↑ Gelb I.J. Šullat and Daniš // ArOr. 1950. V. 18, № 1-2. P. 189-198.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Litke R.L. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:dA-nu-um and AN:Anu ša2 amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Roberts J.J.M. The Earliest Semitic Pantheon. Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins Univ. Press. 1972.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  6. ↑ Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.
  7. ↑ Schroeder O. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.
  8. ↑ Donbaz V., Koch J. Ein Astrolab der dritten Generation: Nv. 10 // JCS. 1995. Vol. 47. P. 63-83.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
  11. ↑ Horowitz W. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Largement R. Contribution à l’Etudes des Astres errants dans l’Astrologie chaldéenne // ZA. 1957. Bd. 18. S.235-264. Abbreviated ACh.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
  15. ↑ Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.
  16. ↑ Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin, 193-204
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Koch J. Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Ch. Virolleaud, L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)
  20. ↑ Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.
  21. ↑ Weidner E. Altbabylonische Götterlisten // AfO. 1924-1925. Bd. 2. S. 1-18, 71-82.
  22. ↑ Tallqvist K. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.
  23. ↑ Weidner E. mul gir2.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].
  24. ↑ Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.
  25. ↑ Koch J. Der Sternenkatalog BM 78161 // WO. 1992. Bd. 23. S. 39-67.
  26. ↑ Craig J.A. Astrological-astronomical Texts. Leipzig, 1899.
  27. ↑ Thureau-Dangin F. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).
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