Tikpu: Difference between revisions
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Tikpu
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Tikpu''}} | {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Tikpu''}} | ||
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''tikpu'' (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍). The term, a noun from the root ''takāpu'' , 'to dot, to make spots, to sew, to stitch,' refers to asterisms consisting of small points of light bound close together to one another that form an element in a larger asterism or constellation. Seven such ''tikpu'' are listed in the Great Star List and VAT 9418 (KAR 142) including a ''tikpu'' in the constellation <sup>mul</sup>[[U5.RI2.IN|U<sub>5</sub>.RI<sub>2</sub>.IN]], this almost certainly being the three stars of the belt of [[Orion]]. | |||
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>== | ==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>== | ||
Lit. "Spot, speckled." [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 1357b; Weidner 1957-1959<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref> 80b]; "speckled or red stars pertaining to Mars" | Translation is given | ||
* Lit. German "Fleck, gefleckt" = English "Spot, speckled." [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 1357b; Weidner 1957-1959<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref> 80b]; | |||
* German "gefleckte oder rote Sterne" = English "speckled or red stars pertaining to Mars" [3. Erg.<ref name=":0">''Kugler F.X. '' Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.</ref>, 306-7]. | |||
The association with Mars is now known to be incorrect. See also [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1" />, 132] for this correction: Bezold's arguments are based on a misunderstanding of the word ''tikpu,'' which he takes as a variant of ''tibku'' "layer of bricks"'','' and interprets as "ziegelrot" (red like bricks). In any case, Mesopotamian 'red' covers a wide spectrum of shades from brown and orange to purple (Thavapalan 2020)<ref>Thavapalan, S. (2020). The Meaning of Color in Ancient Mesopotamia. Brill.</ref>. | |||
===Sources and Identifications=== | |||
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|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia".''' | |'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia".''' | ||
* <sup>mul</sup>gam<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>lugal / <sup>mul</sup>u<sub>5</sub>.ri<sub>2</sub>.in <sup>mul</sup>ka.muš.i<sub>3</sub>.nag.a / <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>li<sub>9</sub>.si<sub>4</sub>: 7 ''ti-ik-pi'' "Staff, King, Eagle(?), Pest, Bull's Jaw, Snake, Fox: 7 tikpi-(stars)" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:222-225]. | * <sup>mul</sup>gam<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>lugal / <sup>mul</sup>u<sub>5</sub>.ri<sub>2</sub>.in <sup>mul</sup>ka.muš.i<sub>3</sub>.nag.a / <sup>mul</sup>''is le-e'' <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>li<sub>9</sub>.si<sub>4</sub>: 7 ''ti-ik-pi'' | ||
| | * "Staff, King, Eagle(?), Pest, Bull's Jaw, Snake, Fox: 7 tikpi-(stars)" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:222-225]. | ||
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|'''VAT 9418.''' | |'''VAT 9418.''' | ||
* <sup>mul</sup>šu.g[i] <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.[na] / <sup>mul</sup>˹sipa˺.zi.an.na <sup>mul</sup>ur.g[u.la] / <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>2</sub>.tab <sup>mul</sup>lu.[lim<sup>?</sup>]: [7] ˹''ti''˺-''ik''-˹''pi''˺ Old M[an], Heaven[ly] Bull, True Shepherd of Anu, L[eo], Snake, Scorpius, De[er?] [7] tikpu-(stars)" [KAR<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.</ref>, 142 i 35-38]. | * <sup>mul</sup>šu.g[i] <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.an.[na] / <sup>mul</sup>˹sipa˺.zi.an.na <sup>mul</sup>ur.g[u.la] / <sup>mul</sup>muš <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>2</sub>.tab <sup>mul</sup>lu.[lim<sup>?</sup>]: [7] ˹''ti''˺-''ik''-˹''pi''˺ | ||
* Old M[an], Heaven[ly] Bull, True Shepherd of Anu, L[eo], Snake, Scorpius, De[er?] [7] ''tikpu''-(stars)" [KAR<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.</ref>, 142 i 35-38]. | |||
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In [Bezold 1920<ref>Antike Beobachtungen farbiger Sterne von Franz Boll. Mit einem Beitrag von Carl Bezold // Abhandlungen der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philos.- philolog.-hist. Kl. 1920. Bd. 30. S. 1-164.</ref>, 119ff.; 3. Erg.<ref name=":0" />, 306], the term ''tikpu'' is attributed to names of Mars. This is now known to be incorrect. See also [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":1" />, 132] for this connection. | |||
===Historical Dictionaries=== | ===Historical Dictionaries=== | ||
Latest revision as of 19:33, 26 March 2026
Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Wayne Horowitz, Susanne M Hoffmann
tikpu (𒀯𒋾𒅅𒁍). The term, a noun from the root takāpu , 'to dot, to make spots, to sew, to stitch,' refers to asterisms consisting of small points of light bound close together to one another that form an element in a larger asterism or constellation. Seven such tikpu are listed in the Great Star List and VAT 9418 (KAR 142) including a tikpu in the constellation mulU5.RI2.IN, this almost certainly being the three stars of the belt of Orion.
Concordance, Etymology, History[1]
Translation is given
- Lit. German "Fleck, gefleckt" = English "Spot, speckled." [AHw[2], 1357b; Weidner 1957-1959[3] 80b];
- German "gefleckte oder rote Sterne" = English "speckled or red stars pertaining to Mars" [3. Erg.[4], 306-7].
The association with Mars is now known to be incorrect. See also [Mesop.Astrol.[5], 132] for this correction: Bezold's arguments are based on a misunderstanding of the word tikpu, which he takes as a variant of tibku "layer of bricks", and interprets as "ziegelrot" (red like bricks). In any case, Mesopotamian 'red' covers a wide spectrum of shades from brown and orange to purple (Thavapalan 2020)[6].
Sources and Identifications
| Sources | Identifications |
|---|---|
"Great Star List and Miscellenia".
|
|
VAT 9418.
|
In [Bezold 1920[8], 119ff.; 3. Erg.[4], 306], the term tikpu is attributed to names of Mars. This is now known to be incorrect. See also [Mesop.Astrol.[5], 132] for this connection.
Historical Dictionaries
| Kurtik (2022, t03) | Gössmann (1950) |
|---|---|
| букв. «Точка, крапинка» [AHw, 1357b; Weidner 1957–1959 80b]; «пятнистые или красные звезды, относящиеся к Марсу» (?) [3. Erg., 306–7].
I. Источники. «Большой список звезд». mulgam3 mullugal / mulu5.ri2.in mulka.muš.i3.nag.a / mulis le-e mulmuš mulli9.si4 : 7 ti-ik-pi «Посох, Царь, Орел(?), Вредитель, Челюсть Быка, Змея, Лиси: 7 tikpi-(звезд)» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:222–225]. VAT 9418. mulšu.g[i] mulgu4.an.[na] / mul˹sipa˺.zi.an.na mulur.g[u.la] / mulmuš mulgir2.tab mullu.[lim?] : [7] ˹ti˺-ik-˹pi˺ «Стари[к], Небес[ный] Бык, Праведный Пастух Ану, Л[ев], Змея, Скорпион, Ол[ень?]: [7] tikpu-(звезд)» [KAR, 142 i 35–38]. Названия в списках tikpu-звезд Бецольд и Шаумбергер относят к Марсу [Bezold 1920, 119ff.; 3. Erg., 306], что едва ли соответствует действительности; см. в этой связи также [Mesop.Astrol., 132]. |
Example |
References
- ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
- ↑ Soden von W. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.
- ↑ Weidner E. mul gir2.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kugler F.X. Sternkunde und Sterndienst in Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
- ↑ Thavapalan, S. (2020). The Meaning of Color in Ancient Mesopotamia. Brill.
- ↑ Ebeling E. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.
- ↑ Antike Beobachtungen farbiger Sterne von Franz Boll. Mit einem Beitrag von Carl Bezold // Abhandlungen der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philos.- philolog.-hist. Kl. 1920. Bd. 30. S. 1-164.
