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[[File:Hyaden+plejaden smh2025 isle.JPG|alt=photograph-map|thumb|The Babylonian constellation "Jaw of the Bull", Sumerian DA, Akkadian ''is lê,'' typically identified with the Hyades. (Map: Susanne M Hoffmann 2025, with own photography of the star clusters and Jupiter).]] | [[File:Hyaden+plejaden smh2025 isle.JPG|alt=photograph-map|thumb|The Babylonian constellation "Jaw of the Bull", Sumerian DA, Akkadian ''is lê,'' typically identified with the Hyades. (Map: Susanne M Hoffmann 2025, with own photography of the star clusters and Jupiter).]] | ||
<sup>múl giš</sup>DA (𒋼𒄑𒁕) = ''is lê,'' is a name for the ‘Bull's Jaw’ asterism in the constellation [[Taurus]]. | <sup>múl giš</sup>DA (𒋼𒄑𒁕) = ''is lê,'' is a name for the ‘Bull's Jaw’ asterism in the constellation [[Taurus]]. Here, Sumerian <sup>giš</sup>DA, a standard term for a type of cuneiform tablet and writing board (<sup>giš</sup>''lēʼu''), is used to create a sort of pseudo-homonym by way of reading Sumerian GIŠ, the determinative for trees, woods and wooden implements = Akkadian ''iṣu'', as /iṣ/. | ||
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>== | ==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>== | ||
= ''is le''<sub>10</sub> | = ''is le''<sub>10</sub>ː a pseudo-Sumerogram for the constellation <sup>mul</sup>''Is lê'' "Bull's Jaw" (= [[Hyades]] + [[Aldebaran]]). | ||
Standard meaning <sup>giš</sup>DA = <sup>giš</sup>''lēʼu'' "tablet (for writing)" [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 546-547]. The use of <sup>giš</sup>DA for ''is lê'' is explained by two coincidences: | Standard meaning <sup>giš</sup>DA = <sup>giš</sup>''lēʼu'' "tablet (for writing)" [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 546-547]. The use of <sup>giš</sup>DA for ''is lê'' is explained by two coincidences: | ||
* 1) ''is'' and giš are graphically the same sign, | * 1) ''is'' and giš are graphically the same sign, | ||
* 2) ''lê'' (from | * 2) ''lê'' (from ''lû, līʼu'' "bull" [AHw, 560]) is phonetically close to ''lēʼu'' "tablet" [3 Erg.<ref>3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.</ref> 336; Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 77, 96]. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Sources!!Identifications | !Sources!!Identifications | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''“Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts”''' | |'''“Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts”''' | ||
The name was used (usually without the determinative) to refer to α Tauri (= Aldebaran) as a normal star (see Kurtik m39) [[MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ|MUL<sub>2</sub>.ŠID.MEŠ]]; for the earliest examples see | The name was used (usually without the determinative) to refer to α Tauri (= Aldebaran) as a normal star (see Kurtik m39) [[MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ|MUL<sub>2</sub>.ŠID.MEŠ]]; for the earliest examples see [ADRT I<ref>''Sachs A., Hunger H''. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.</ref>, -384 Rev. 9, -378 Obv. 6', -372 A Col. I 6, 10 and passim]. See also [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1564 r. 7, 1567:4], in the latter case the name is given with the determinative mul<sub>2</sub>. See also (Kurtik i15) [[Is le10|Is le<sub>10</sub>]]. | ||
|Example | |Example | ||
|} | |} | ||
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*[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]] | *[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]] | ||
[[Category:Mesopotamian]] [[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Eurasia]] | [[Category:Mesopotamian]] [[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Eurasia]] | ||
[[Category:Cuneiform]] | [[Category:Cuneiform]] | ||
[[Category:Tau]] | [[Category:Tau]] | ||
Latest revision as of 08:14, 22 May 2026
Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Susanne M Hoffmann, Wayne Horowitz, Youla Azkarrula, Hermann Hunger
múl gišDA (𒋼𒄑𒁕) = is lê, is a name for the ‘Bull's Jaw’ asterism in the constellation Taurus. Here, Sumerian gišDA, a standard term for a type of cuneiform tablet and writing board (gišlēʼu), is used to create a sort of pseudo-homonym by way of reading Sumerian GIŠ, the determinative for trees, woods and wooden implements = Akkadian iṣu, as /iṣ/.
Concordance, Etymology, History[1]
= is le10ː a pseudo-Sumerogram for the constellation mulIs lê "Bull's Jaw" (= Hyades + Aldebaran).
Standard meaning gišDA = gišlēʼu "tablet (for writing)" [AHw[2], 546-547]. The use of gišDA for is lê is explained by two coincidences:
- 1) is and giš are graphically the same sign,
- 2) lê (from lû, līʼu "bull" [AHw, 560]) is phonetically close to lēʼu "tablet" [3 Erg.[3] 336; Gössmann[4] 77, 96].
| Sources | Identifications |
|---|---|
| “Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts”
The name was used (usually without the determinative) to refer to α Tauri (= Aldebaran) as a normal star (see Kurtik m39) MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ; for the earliest examples see [ADRT I[5], -384 Rev. 9, -378 Obv. 6', -372 A Col. I 6, 10 and passim]. See also [LBAT[6], 1564 r. 7, 1567:4], in the latter case the name is given with the determinative mul2. See also (Kurtik i15) is lê. |
Example |
Historical Dictionaries
| Kurtik (2022, d01) | Gössmann (1950) |
|---|---|
| = is le10; псевдошумерограмма для обозначения созвездия mulIs lê «Челюсть Быка» (= Гиады + Альдебаран).
Стандартное значение gišDA = gišlēʼu «табличка (для письма)» [AHw, 546–547]. Использование gišDA для обозначения is lê объясняется двумя совпадениями: 1) is и giš графически один и тот же знак, 2) lê (от lû, līʼu «бык» [AHw, 560]) фонетически близко lēʼu «табличка» [3 Erg. 336; G. 77, 96]. Название использовалось в «Дневниках наблюдений» (как правило, без детерминатива) для обозначения α Tauri (= Альдебаран) как нормальной звезды (см. m39 MÚL.ŠID.MEŠ); самые ранние примеры см. [ADRT I, -384 Rev. 9, -378 Obv. 6', -372 A Col. I 6, 10 and passim]. См. также [LBAT, 1564 r. 7, 1567:4], в последнем случае название дано с детерминативом múl. См. также i15Is lê. |
Example |
References
- ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
- ↑ Soden von W. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.
- ↑ 3.Ergänzungsheft zum ersten und zweiten Buch von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.
- ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
- ↑ Sachs A., Hunger H. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.
- ↑ A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier, Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.
