Niandao: Difference between revisions
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== Concordance, Etymology, History == | == Concordance, Etymology, History == | ||
Niandao is the way along which the emperor "roams freely and travels privately", governing leisurely and harmonious journeys. | ''Niandao'' is the way along which the emperor "roams freely and travels privately", governing leisurely and harmonious journeys. | ||
''Dongjin Ji'' (东晋纪) says:<blockquote>Niandao governs the concubines' chambers and the spring‑autumn palaces.</blockquote>''Chunqiu Wei'' (春秋纬) calls it the "Concubines' Palace" or the "Palace of Excursions", symbolizing a place where the ruler and ministers flourish in virtue. | ''Dongjin Ji'' (东晋纪) says:<blockquote>Niandao governs the concubines' chambers and the spring‑autumn palaces.</blockquote>''Chunqiu Wei'' (春秋纬) calls it the "Concubines' Palace" or the "Palace of Excursions", symbolizing a place where the ruler and ministers flourish in virtue. | ||
The Book of Jin: Astronomical Treatise states: <blockquote>It is the path for the king to take his pleasure and roam; the Han dynasty's Niandao connecting the Northern and Southern Palaces is its earthly image.</blockquote>In Luoyang of the Eastern Han dynasty, a covered passageway (an aerial double corridor) was built to link the Northern and Southern Palaces, imitating the celestial Niandao constellation. Thus the Niandao | The Book of Jin: Astronomical Treatise states: <blockquote>It is the path for the king to take his pleasure and roam; the Han dynasty's ''Niandao'' connecting the Northern and Southern Palaces is its earthly image.</blockquote>In Luoyang of the Eastern Han dynasty, a covered passageway (an aerial double corridor) was built to link the Northern and Southern Palaces, imitating the celestial Niandao constellation. Thus the ''Niandao'' not only represents the physical imperial road but also touches upon the emperor's consorts and recreational life. Its changes can be used to divine whether the emperor's private travels are excessive and whether the state is peaceful. | ||
In the year of 1408, the Chinese astronomers observed a new star in the southeastern region of Niandao, the record in the “''Memorial of Congratulations on the Auspicious Star'' 贺瑞星表" in ''Hu wenmugong quanji'' 胡文穆公全集 is the only one that demonstrates a strong proof of it being a nova or superova.<ref>Boshun Yang, Nikolaus Vogt, Susanne M Hoffmann. Was there a (Super)nova in 1408?. ''The Astronomical Journal'', Volume 170, Issue 1, id.17, 10 pp.</ref> | In the year of 1408, the Chinese astronomers observed a new star in the southeastern region of ''Niandao'', the record in the “''Memorial of Congratulations on the Auspicious Star'' 贺瑞星表" in ''Hu wenmugong quanji'' 胡文穆公全集 is the only one that demonstrates a strong proof of it being a nova or superova.<ref>Boshun Yang, Nikolaus Vogt, Susanne M Hoffmann. Was there a (Super)nova in 1408?. ''The Astronomical Journal'', Volume 170, Issue 1, id.17, 10 pp.</ref> | ||
[[File:The location of 1408 (super)Nova is located near "Niandao".jpeg|thumb|'''The location of 1408 (super)Nova is located near ''Niandao''''']] | [[File:The location of 1408 (super)Nova is located near "Niandao".jpeg|thumb|'''The location of 1408 (super)Nova is located near ''Niandao''''']] | ||
<blockquote>The Qintianjian reported: In the sixth year of the Yongle era, on the sixth day (1408.10.24) of the tenth month at early dusk, a star was observed in the southern region of the Niandao in the middle of the sky, appearing as large as a Zhan (cup), with pure yellow color, smooth and bright. The star remained stationary and calm over 10 days of measurement and observation.</blockquote> | <blockquote>The Qintianjian reported: In the sixth year of the Yongle era, on the sixth day (1408.10.24) of the tenth month at early dusk, a star was observed in the southern region of the ''Niandao'' in the middle of the sky, appearing as large as a ''Zhan'' (cup), with pure yellow color, smooth and bright. The star remained stationary and calm over 10 days of measurement and observation.</blockquote> | ||
=== Identification of stars === | === Identification of stars === | ||
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== IAU Working Group on Star Names == | == IAU Working Group on Star Names == | ||
In | In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Niandao" was suggested to be used for 13 Lyr in this constellation. This star has been used as the determinative star of ''Niandao'' for more than 2,000 years, and ''Niandao'' is important for it was used to record a historical (super)Nova in 1408. This is the only reliable record for this event in the whole world. | ||
Decision: ... | Decision: ... | ||
Latest revision as of 08:54, 24 May 2026
Authors: Lyu Haocheng, Boshun YANG
,_Jiantai_(lower)_and_Niandao_(upper_left).png)
Niǎn Dào (Imperial Passageway, 辇道), a Chinese constellation consists of 5 stars, belongs to the Ox (Niu, 牛) Lunar Mansion, the Gan school, and corresponds to parts of the modern constellations Lyra and Cygnus. Niandao is the road for the imperial chariot, symbolizing the emperor's path for going on excursions and private journeys.
Concordance, Etymology, History
Niandao is the way along which the emperor "roams freely and travels privately", governing leisurely and harmonious journeys.
Dongjin Ji (东晋纪) says:
Niandao governs the concubines' chambers and the spring‑autumn palaces.
Chunqiu Wei (春秋纬) calls it the "Concubines' Palace" or the "Palace of Excursions", symbolizing a place where the ruler and ministers flourish in virtue. The Book of Jin: Astronomical Treatise states:
It is the path for the king to take his pleasure and roam; the Han dynasty's Niandao connecting the Northern and Southern Palaces is its earthly image.
In Luoyang of the Eastern Han dynasty, a covered passageway (an aerial double corridor) was built to link the Northern and Southern Palaces, imitating the celestial Niandao constellation. Thus the Niandao not only represents the physical imperial road but also touches upon the emperor's consorts and recreational life. Its changes can be used to divine whether the emperor's private travels are excessive and whether the state is peaceful.
In the year of 1408, the Chinese astronomers observed a new star in the southeastern region of Niandao, the record in the “Memorial of Congratulations on the Auspicious Star 贺瑞星表" in Hu wenmugong quanji 胡文穆公全集 is the only one that demonstrates a strong proof of it being a nova or superova.[1]
Nova_is_located_near_%22Niandao%22.jpeg)
The Qintianjian reported: In the sixth year of the Yongle era, on the sixth day (1408.10.24) of the tenth month at early dusk, a star was observed in the southern region of the Niandao in the middle of the sky, appearing as large as a Zhan (cup), with pure yellow color, smooth and bright. The star remained stationary and calm over 10 days of measurement and observation.
Identification of stars
| Star Names or Orders(Traditional/Qing) | Ho PENG YOKE[2][comment 1] | Yi Shitong[3]
Based on catalogue in 18th century |
Pan Nai[4]
based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map |
Pan Nai[5]
based on catalogues in Yuan dynasty |
SUN X. & J. Kistemaker[6]
Han Dynasty |
Boshun Yang[7]
before Tang dynasty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (determinative) | V545 Lyr ? | 13 Lyr | 13 Lyr | 13 Lyr | 13 Lyr | 13 Lyr |
| 2nd | θ Lyr | η Lyr [comment 2] | η Lyr | η Lyr | η Lyr | η Lyr |
| 3rd | 4 Cyg | θ Lyr | θ Lyr | θ Lyr | θ Lyr | θ Lyr |
| 4th | χ Cyg | 4 Cyg | 4 Cyg | 4 Cyg | 4 Cyg | 4 Cyg |
| 5th | ? | 17 Cyg | 8 Cyg | 8 Cyg | 8 Cyg | 8 Cyg |
- ↑ The star chart in the original material is not standard and only displays four stars. The modern star names given here are for reference only.
- ↑ In the original 18th century star catalog, the star (Niandao II) was actually 19 Lyr, not η Lyr. Due to a transcription error in the Flamsteed's catalog, the declination value was copied incorrectly by 10 degrees. The star catalog in Yixiang Kaocheng used incorrect coordinates, with 19 Lyr mistakenly corresponding to Niandao II. Later scholars often used incorrect coordinates to identify the star as η Lyr, but based on the original data, η Lyr should actually be Niandao Added II.
Maps (Gallery)
| historical map | modern identification
(Yang 2023) |
same in Stellarium 24.4 |
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IAU Working Group on Star Names
In 2026, the name of the historical constellation "Niandao" was suggested to be used for 13 Lyr in this constellation. This star has been used as the determinative star of Niandao for more than 2,000 years, and Niandao is important for it was used to record a historical (super)Nova in 1408. This is the only reliable record for this event in the whole world.
Decision: ...
References
- ↑ Boshun Yang, Nikolaus Vogt, Susanne M Hoffmann. Was there a (Super)nova in 1408?. The Astronomical Journal, Volume 170, Issue 1, id.17, 10 pp.
- ↑ P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” Vistas in Astronomy, 5(1962), 127-225.
- ↑ Yi Shitong伊世同. Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.
- ↑ Pan Nai潘鼐. Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.
- ↑ Pan Nai潘鼐. Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 2009. p443.
- ↑ Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. The Chinese sky during the Han. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.
- ↑ B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.
