Al-Ṣalīb: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Del arab Laffitte2025.png|thumb|Delphinus and its Arabian variants, the Cross and the Young Camels (Laffitte 2025).]] | |||
Al-Ṣalīb (الصليب), The Cross, is an Arabic/ Arabian asterism. It is a name of the quadrilateral asterism of Delphinus ( α, β, δ, γ<sub>1,2</sub> Del), named by common people, while the Arabs call it ''al-Qaʿūd'' as reported by al-Marzūqī, al-Ṣūfī, and ibn Qutayba (who has the corrupted version al-ʿuqūd). | |||
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'''Variants''' (in spelling, in name) | '''Variants''' (in spelling, in name) | ||
* . | * Al Salib (spelling without diacritica in Allen 1899, Rhoads 1971) | ||
* | * al-Ṣalīb al-Ṭā’ir, the Flying Cross (Bīrūnī, T.)<ref name=":0" /> | ||
* Ṣalīb al-Ṭā’ir , Cross of (al-Nasr) al-Wāqiʿ (Al-Ṣūfī) | |||
* ᶜAmūd al-Ṣalīb, the Pillar of the Cross (Al-Ṣūfī)<ref name=":0" /> --- according to al-Ṣūfī it only refers to ε Del (star name) | |||
===Etymology=== | ===Etymology=== | ||
< | Formerly, Kunitzsch (1961)<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.</ref> mentioned ... (English translation) | ||
Roland Laffitte (2012, 2025)<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> writes: <blockquote>Emprunté à la fin du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, ce nom n’est autre que ''al-Ṣalīb'', « la Croix », qui est bien une figure classique dans le ciel arabe traditionnel, puisque plusieurs groupes d’étoiles y portent cette appellation, tant dans le ciel boréal comme le groupe ''βγξν Dra'', ''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', « les Mères chamelles…», (voir ''β Dra'') que dans le ciel austral, comme ''Ṣalīb'' ''al-Quṭb'', « la Croix du Pôle », constituée par le groupe ''αβγδ Cru'' (voir la constellation ''Crux'', ''infra'', Ch. IX).</blockquote><blockquote>Ar. : Ibn Qutayba, al-Ṣūfī > ''‘al-Salīb’'', Schjellerup, ''‘Al-Ṣalīb’'', Allen. Puis ''Al Salib A et B'', Rhoads. </blockquote>in English: <blockquote>Coined at the end of the 20th century, this name is none other than al-Ṣalīb, “the Cross,” which is indeed a classic figure in the traditional Arab sky, since several star clusters bear this name, both in the northern sky—such as the βγξν Dra cluster, al-cAwā’iḏ, “the Mother Camels…,” (see β Dra) as in the southern sky, such as Ṣalīb al-Quṭb, “the Cross of the Pole,” formed by the αβγδ Cru group (see the constellation Crux, below, Ch. IX).</blockquote><blockquote>Arabic: Ibn Qutayba<ref name=":2" />, al-Ṣūfī<ref name=":3" /> > ‘al-Salīb’, Schjellerup, ‘Al-Ṣalīb’, Allen. Then Al Salib A and B, Rhoads.</blockquote>Al-Ajaji points out that the literal translation "The Flying Cross" from Al-Biruni's wording is misleading, as Al-Ṣūfī explicitely elaborated that it is not a "flying cross" but '''the Cross of the Flying One''', namely the Flying Eagle, ''al-Nasr al-Ṭāʾir.'' | |||
===Sources and Identification=== | === Sources and Identification === | ||
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|'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)'''<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref> | |'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)'''<ref name=":2">Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref> | ||
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[[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Khalid's most beautiful map with ASE-logo]] | [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Khalid's most beautiful map with ASE-logo]] | ||
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|'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref> | |'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref name=":3">al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref> | ||
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|... | |"والعامة تُسَمِّي الذي على كعبه الأيسر والنيِّرين من العَوَائِذِ اللذين على رأس التنين وهما الثالث والخامس من كواكبه مع الرابع الذي على موضع ذقنه: الصَّليبَ؛ لأنها قد صارت شبيهة بالصليب، وهو صَلِيبُ الوَاقِعِ، تشبيها بالصليب الذي يتبع للنَّسْرِ الطَّائِرِ، وهو من الأربعة الكواكب التي على بدن الدلفين." | ||
“The common people call the one on its left heel (ι Her), together with the two bright stars of al-ʿAwāʾidh that are on the head of the Dragon—these being the third and fifth of its stars (β, γ Dra)—along with the fourth, which lies at the position of its chin (ξ Dra), ‘the Cross,’ because they have come to resemble a cross. It is the Cross of ''al-Wāqiʿ'', by analogy with the cross that belongs to ''al-Nasr al-Ṭāʾir'' (the Flying Eagle), which is formed by four stars on the body of Delphinus.” | |||
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====Verbal Discussion/ Conclusion==== | ====Verbal Discussion/ Conclusion==== | ||
different opinions by modern scholars - e.g. Adams<ref>Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref>, Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>), AlAjaji, Kunitzsch, Ideler | different opinions by modern scholars - e.g. Adams<ref>Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref>, Laffitte (2012<ref name=":1">Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>), AlAjaji, Kunitzsch, Ideler | ||
... | ... | ||
Latest revision as of 14:09, 1 July 2026
Authors: Susanne M Hoffmann, Roland Laffitte
Al-Ṣalīb (الصليب), The Cross, is an Arabic/ Arabian asterism. It is a name of the quadrilateral asterism of Delphinus ( α, β, δ, γ1,2 Del), named by common people, while the Arabs call it al-Qaʿūd as reported by al-Marzūqī, al-Ṣūfī, and ibn Qutayba (who has the corrupted version al-ʿuqūd).
Provenance, Etymology, History
Variants (in spelling, in name)
- Al Salib (spelling without diacritica in Allen 1899, Rhoads 1971)
- al-Ṣalīb al-Ṭā’ir, the Flying Cross (Bīrūnī, T.)[1]
- Ṣalīb al-Ṭā’ir , Cross of (al-Nasr) al-Wāqiʿ (Al-Ṣūfī)
- ᶜAmūd al-Ṣalīb, the Pillar of the Cross (Al-Ṣūfī)[1] --- according to al-Ṣūfī it only refers to ε Del (star name)
Etymology
Formerly, Kunitzsch (1961)[2] mentioned ... (English translation)
Roland Laffitte (2012, 2025)[1] [3] writes:
Emprunté à la fin du XXe siècle, ce nom n’est autre que al-Ṣalīb, « la Croix », qui est bien une figure classique dans le ciel arabe traditionnel, puisque plusieurs groupes d’étoiles y portent cette appellation, tant dans le ciel boréal comme le groupe βγξν Dra, al-cAwā’iḏ, « les Mères chamelles…», (voir β Dra) que dans le ciel austral, comme Ṣalīb al-Quṭb, « la Croix du Pôle », constituée par le groupe αβγδ Cru (voir la constellation Crux, infra, Ch. IX).
Ar. : Ibn Qutayba, al-Ṣūfī > ‘al-Salīb’, Schjellerup, ‘Al-Ṣalīb’, Allen. Puis Al Salib A et B, Rhoads.
in English:
Coined at the end of the 20th century, this name is none other than al-Ṣalīb, “the Cross,” which is indeed a classic figure in the traditional Arab sky, since several star clusters bear this name, both in the northern sky—such as the βγξν Dra cluster, al-cAwā’iḏ, “the Mother Camels…,” (see β Dra) as in the southern sky, such as Ṣalīb al-Quṭb, “the Cross of the Pole,” formed by the αβγδ Cru group (see the constellation Crux, below, Ch. IX).
Arabic: Ibn Qutayba[4], al-Ṣūfī[5] > ‘al-Salīb’, Schjellerup, ‘Al-Ṣalīb’, Allen. Then Al Salib A and B, Rhoads.
Al-Ajaji points out that the literal translation "The Flying Cross" from Al-Biruni's wording is misleading, as Al-Ṣūfī explicitely elaborated that it is not a "flying cross" but the Cross of the Flying One, namely the Flying Eagle, al-Nasr al-Ṭāʾir.
Sources and Identification
| Sources | Identification(s) |
|---|---|
| Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)[4] | |
| orig. & transl. | identification (map)
 |
| Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)[5] | |
| "والعامة تُسَمِّي الذي على كعبه الأيسر والنيِّرين من العَوَائِذِ اللذين على رأس التنين وهما الثالث والخامس من كواكبه مع الرابع الذي على موضع ذقنه: الصَّليبَ؛ لأنها قد صارت شبيهة بالصليب، وهو صَلِيبُ الوَاقِعِ، تشبيها بالصليب الذي يتبع للنَّسْرِ الطَّائِرِ، وهو من الأربعة الكواكب التي على بدن الدلفين."
“The common people call the one on its left heel (ι Her), together with the two bright stars of al-ʿAwāʾidh that are on the head of the Dragon—these being the third and fifth of its stars (β, γ Dra)—along with the fourth, which lies at the position of its chin (ξ Dra), ‘the Cross,’ because they have come to resemble a cross. It is the Cross of al-Wāqiʿ, by analogy with the cross that belongs to al-Nasr al-Ṭāʾir (the Flying Eagle), which is formed by four stars on the body of Delphinus.” |
|
| Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)[6] | |
| ... |
Discussion
Image Variants, Transfer and Transformation
-
ancient manuscript 1 -
Laffitte's mapping
-
something else ...
Verbal Discussion/ Conclusion
different opinions by modern scholars - e.g. Adams[7], Laffitte (2012[3], 2025[1]), AlAjaji, Kunitzsch, Ideler ...
| Header text | Adams | AlAjaji | Laffitte |
|---|---|---|---|
| Example | Example | Example | Example |
| Star Name | beta | alpha | gamma |
| Example | Example | Example | Example |
.
IAU Working Group Star Names
In 202x, the name ... was suggest as a star name in the area that is covered by the historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for ...
WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ...
This star is <a red giant or whatelse> ... here astrophysical data will be added (by Eric, most likely) after the decision.
Weblinks
Reference
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Roland Laffitte, Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe, Orient des Mots, 2025 (online)
- ↑ Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Roland Laffitte, Le ciel des Arabes, 2012
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab). Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn. Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.
- ↑ الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 ه. Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon).
- ↑ Danielle Adams, Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise, 2018
