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[[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the earliest map or drawing]]
[[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the earliest map or drawing]]
[[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the cultural object (e.g. in archaeological museum)]]
[[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the cultural object (e.g. in archaeological museum)]]
Kemenu (... ), [translation] ... ... is an Egyptian name, used in RSC/ ... .
Kemenu (... 𓈖...𓅓 𓅱), Crew, is an Egyptian constellation of three stars ρ Sgr - 44 Sgr, <s>used in Ramesside Star Clocks (RSC)</s>.  
 
<here comes a short explanation: what is the earliest known occurance, what does it mean in their culture, perhaps were it stems from if e.g. taken over from other roots...>


==Concordance, Etymology, History==
==Concordance, Etymology, History==
What does the term mean, does it always have the same meaning - was it changed over time.
=== Origin of Constellation ===
=== Origin of Constellation ===
The constellation is mentioned in the Ramesside Star Clocks and identified by right ascension. Ramesside Star clocks (RSC) are astronomical devices developed in ancient Egypt to measure time by the, most likely, meridian or close to meridian transit of stars.  These hour stars were single stars in a few cases or belong to constellations, some of them very large, of Egyptian sky maps. 
Juan, what is the origin here - is that in the RSC???  
 
There has been two dedicated approaches including an attempt to identify these hour stars: Leitz (1995)<ref name=":0">Leitz, Ch., 1995. Altägyptische Sternuhren. OLA, 62. Leuven: Peeters.</ref> and Belmonte (2003)<ref name=":1">Belmonte, J. A., 2003. The Ramesside star clocks and the ancient Egyptian constellations. In M. Blomberg, P. E. Blomberg and G. Henriksson (Eds.), ''Calendars, Symbols, and Orientations: Legacies of Astronomy in Culture'' (pp. 57–65). ''Uppsala Astronomical Observatory report'', 59. Uppsala Ocarina Books.</ref>. Pioneers Neugebauer and Parker (1969)<ref>Neugebauer, O. and Parker, R. A., 1969. ''Egyptian Astronomical Texts'', vol. III. Providence: Brown University.</ref> thought this was a worthless exercise.
 
Leitz (1995)<ref name=":0" /> followed  N&P hypothesis of stars transiting close to the southern horizon and reached a solution which for Belmonte (2003) was not satisfactory for various reasons. These are amply discussed in Lull and Belmonte (2006 & 2009)<ref name=":2">Belmonte, J.A. andd Lull, J., 2023. Astronomy in ancient Egypt: a cultural perspective. Cham: Springer. </ref>. This new hypothesis suggests that several RSC constellations were located in the northern skies such as the Giant (Nekht), the She-Hippo (Reret), the Mooring Post (Menyt) and the Bird (Apdu), among others of lesser entity (see also Davies, 1985<ref>Davis, V. L., 1985. Identifying Ancient Egyptian Constellations. ''Journal of the History of Astronomy'', ''16'', 102–104.</ref>). The constellation Bird could be the one represented in the northern sector of several celestial diagrams.  
 
Belmonte first  defended his ideas at SEAC2001 in Stockholm (Belmonte, 2003)<ref name=":1" /> that were later used for  posterior works such as Belmonte and Lull (2023)<ref>Belmonte, J.A. andd Lull, J., 2023. Astronomy in ancient Egypt: a cultural perspective. Cham: Springer. </ref>.


=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===
=== Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation ===
 
There is no identification of this constellation in Neugebauer and Parker, or in Leitz (1995), as their works focused on the so-called decan-constellation (further south). 
<gallery>
<gallery>
Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 1
File:Tumba de Ramsés V y de Ramsés VI, Valle de las Reyes, Luxor, Egipto, 2022-04-03, DD 69.jpg|Tombs of Ramses V and VI (Diego Delso).
Example.jpg|modern mapping by author XY
File:Lepsius-228-III-ramsèsVI-détail.jpg|Schema of a Ramesside Star Clock (Fonctionnement d'une horloge ramesside.) from Karl Richard Lepsius - Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien: Nach den Zeichnungen der von Seiner Majestät dem Könige von Preussen Friedrich Wilhelm IV nach diesen Ländern gesendeten und in den Jahren 1842-1845 ausgeführten wissenschaftlichen Expedition.
Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 2
File:Culmination-horloge-ramesside.jpg|Explanation of Ramesside Star Clock by Frank Monnier
Example.jpg|modern mapping by author AB
File:The tomb of Seti I 6.jpg|Tomb of Sethy I - front (CC BY Leon Petrosyan)
Example.jpg|something else ...  
File:Ramses IX - fig6.gif|Tomb of Ramses IX with a RSC, detail photograph by J. Belmonte.
</gallery>
</gallery>


== Religion/ Tales/ Mythology ==
== Religion/ Tales/ Mythology ==
mnemonic tales and cultural significance
mnemonic tales and cultural significance
== IAU WGSN star name discussion ==
The name was proposed to WGSN in 2025. As Kemenu means something as "crew", we are not sure if it would be appropriate for a single star. Juan Belmonte suggests to look for any pair of closing stars or a star which is multiple (not to the naked eye) in the area east of Kaus Australis, as in that case, it may suit. Therefore, we pick  HIP 89637 is 6.03 mag in V.


== Weblinks ==
== Weblinks ==

Latest revision as of 18:14, 5 July 2026

Authors: Susanne M Hoffmann

Image that shows the earliest map or drawing
Image that shows the cultural object (e.g. in archaeological museum)

Kemenu (... 𓈖...𓅓 𓅱), Crew, is an Egyptian constellation of three stars ρ Sgr - 44 Sgr, used in Ramesside Star Clocks (RSC).

Concordance, Etymology, History

Origin of Constellation

Juan, what is the origin here - is that in the RSC???

Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation

There is no identification of this constellation in Neugebauer and Parker, or in Leitz (1995), as their works focused on the so-called decan-constellation (further south).

  • Tombs of Ramses V and VI (Diego Delso).
    Tombs of Ramses V and VI (Diego Delso).
  • Schema of a Ramesside Star Clock (Fonctionnement d'une horloge ramesside.) from Karl Richard Lepsius - Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien: Nach den Zeichnungen der von Seiner Majestät dem Könige von Preussen Friedrich Wilhelm IV nach diesen Ländern gesendeten und in den Jahren 1842-1845 ausgeführten wissenschaftlichen Expedition.
    Schema of a Ramesside Star Clock (Fonctionnement d'une horloge ramesside.) from Karl Richard Lepsius - Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien: Nach den Zeichnungen der von Seiner Majestät dem Könige von Preussen Friedrich Wilhelm IV nach diesen Ländern gesendeten und in den Jahren 1842-1845 ausgeführten wissenschaftlichen Expedition.
  • Explanation of Ramesside Star Clock by Frank Monnier
    Explanation of Ramesside Star Clock by Frank Monnier
  • Tomb of Sethy I - front (CC BY Leon Petrosyan)
    Tomb of Sethy I - front (CC BY Leon Petrosyan)
  • Tomb of Ramses IX with a RSC, detail photograph by J. Belmonte.
    Tomb of Ramses IX with a RSC, detail photograph by J. Belmonte.

Religion/ Tales/ Mythology

mnemonic tales and cultural significance

IAU WGSN star name discussion

The name was proposed to WGSN in 2025. As Kemenu means something as "crew", we are not sure if it would be appropriate for a single star. Juan Belmonte suggests to look for any pair of closing stars or a star which is multiple (not to the naked eye) in the area east of Kaus Australis, as in that case, it may suit. Therefore, we pick HIP 89637 is 6.03 mag in V.

References

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