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==Dictionary==
==Dictionary==
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
= <sup>mul</sup>SA<sub>5</sub> "Red, Fiery Red"; the name of Mars, fixing the reddish color of that planet [G. 255; AHw, 590b; CAD M, 138-139; Reynolds 1998], see also s04SA<sub>5</sub>.
= <sup>mul</sup>SA<sub>5</sub> "Red, Fiery Red"; the name of Mars, fixing the reddish color of that planet [G. 255; AHw, 590b; CAD M, 138-139; Reynolds 1998], see also (Kurtik s04) [[SA5|SA<sub>5</sub>]].
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|'''Lexical texts.'''  
|'''Lexical texts.'''  
Series Ḫg. B VI: (a) <sup>mul</sup>sa<sub>5</sub> = ma-ak-ru-u<sub>2</sub> = <sup>d</sup>ṣal-[bat-a-nu] "Red = Mars," (b) <sup>mul</sup>DIRI = mi<sub>3</sub>-qit i-šat = [min] "Red Star = Falling Fire = [ditto] (= Mars)" [MSL XI, 40:28, 29].  
Series Ḫg. B VI: (a) <sup>mul</sup>sa<sub>5</sub> = ''ma-ak-ru-u''<sub>2</sub> = <sup>d</sup>''ṣal''-[''bat-a-nu''] "Red = Mars," (b) <sup>mul</sup>DIRI = ''mi''<sub>3</sub>''-qit i-šat'' = [min] "Red Star = Falling Fire = [ditto] (= Mars)" [MSL XI, 40:28, 29].  
|Example
|Example
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|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellenia."'''  
|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellenia."'''
(1) List of Mars’ names: <sup>mul</sup>ma-ak-ru-u = <sup>d</sup>min(= <sup>d</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu) "Red star = Mars"; (2) <sup>ul</sup>sa<sub>5</sub> = <sup>d</sup>udu.idim "Red star = planet"; (3) <sup>ul</sup>sa<sub>5</sub> = šub-tim izi "Red star = Fall of Fire" [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:85, 170, 172].  
* (1) List of Mars’ names: <sup>mul</sup>''ma-ak-ru-u'' = <sup>d</sup>min(= <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'') "Red star = Mars";  
* (2) <sup>ul</sup>sa<sub>5</sub> = <sup>d</sup>udu.idim "Red star = planet";  
* (3) <sup>ul</sup>sa<sub>5</sub> = ''šub-tim'' izi "Red star = Fall of Fire" [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:85, 170, 172].
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|'''Astrol. comm.'''  
|'''Astrol. comm.'''  
<sup>mul</sup>ma-ak-ru-u = tam-šil <sup>d</sup>Girru(GIŠ.BAR) "Red star = likeness of Girru (= Fire)," quoted in [CAD M, 139a; Reynolds 1998, 349]. III R, 53,2:6.  
<sup>mul</sup>''ma-ak-ru-u'' = ''tam-šil'' <sup>d</sup>''Girru''(GIŠ.BAR) "Red star = likeness of Girru (= Fire)," quoted in [CAD M, 139a; Reynolds 1998, 349]. III R, 53,2:6.  
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|'''List of the 12 names of Marduk:'''  
|'''List of the 12 names of Marduk:'''  
<sup>iti</sup>ne <sup>d</sup>Ma-ak-ru-u<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "Month Abu, Red (star) = Marduk"; parallel: [<sup>iti</sup>ne] <sup>d</sup>Ma-ak-ru-u <sup>d</sup>Ṣal-bat-a-nu "[Month Abu], Red (star) = Mars" (S.777:6) [CT 26, 49]. See also [CT 26, 41, K. 11283:2; HBA, 22].
<sup>iti</sup>ne <sup>d</sup>''Ma-ak-ru-u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "Month Abu, Red (star) = Marduk"; parallel: [<sup>iti</sup>ne] <sup>d</sup>''Ma-ak-ru-u'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' "[Month Abu], Red (star) = Mars" (S.777:6) [CT 26, 49]. See also [CT 26, 41, K. 11283:2; HBA, 22].
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===Additional===
===Additional===
         '''II. Deity.'''


==== II. Deity. ====
         Mars, as the Red Star was associated with the fire god Hirra, see Astrol. comm. above, and also g21[[GIŠ.BAR]].
         Mars, as the Red Star was associated with the fire god Hirra, see Astrol. comm. above, and also g21[[GIŠ.BAR]].


         '''III. Astrology.'''
==== III. Astrology. ====
 
         Identifications:
         Identifications:


         (1) = Pisces, see k24[[KU6|KU<sub>6</sub>]], V 4.
         (1) = Pisces, see (Kurtik k24) [[KU6|KU<sub>6</sub>]], V 4.


         (2) Colors of the planets; <sup>mul</sup>BABBAR <sup>mul</sup>SAG.ME.[G]AR <sup>mul</sup>SA<sub>5</sub> Ṣal-bat-a-nu <sup>mul</sup>SIG<sub>7</sub> <sup>d</sup>Dil-bat <sup>mul</sup>MI <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ : <sup>d</sup>GUD.UD "White star = Jupit[e]r, Red star = Mars, Green-yellow star = Venus, Black star = Saturn, var.: Mercury" [BPO 3, 248, K.2346+:54].
         (2) Colors of the planets; <sup>mul</sup>BABBAR <sup>mul</sup>SAG.ME.[G]AR <sup>mul</sup>SA<sub>5</sub> ''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' <sup>mul</sup>SIG<sub>7</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat'' <sup>mul</sup>MI <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ: <sup>d</sup>GUD.UD "White star = Jupit[e]r, Red star = Mars, Green-yellow star = Venus, Black star = Saturn, var.: Mercury" [BPO 3, 248, K.2346+:54].


         Predictions:
         Predictions:


         (3) Venus and the Red Star; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina SAR-ša<sub>2</sub> [<sup>mul</sup>Ma-ak-ru-u<sub>2</sub> ana ŠA<sub>3</sub>]-ša<sub>2</sub> TU-ma E<sub>3</sub>-a (var. reading: NU E<sub>3</sub>-a) DUMU LUGAL ana E<sub>2</sub> AD-šu<sub>2</sub> T[U-ma AŠ. TE DIB-bat] "If [the Red Star enters] Venus and goes on during the rising of Venus (var.: does not appear): the king's son will enter his father's house and seize the throne]" [BPO 2, IV 5a + Parallels, V 3a, VI 5-5a; BPO 3, 64, Sm.1354:4; 94, K.2226+:31, 34].
         (3) Venus and the Red Star; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' SAR-''ša''<sub>2</sub> [<sup>mul</sup>''Ma-ak-ru-u''<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' ŠA<sub>3</sub>]-''ša''<sub>2</sub> TU-''ma E''<sub>3</sub>-''a'' (var. reading: NU ''E''<sub>3</sub>-''a'') DUMU LUGAL ''ana'' E<sub>2</sub> AD-''šu''<sub>2</sub> T[U-''ma'' AŠ.TE DIB-''bat''] "If [the Red Star enters] Venus and goes on during the rising of Venus (var.: does not appear): the king's son will enter his father's house and seize the throne]" [BPO 2, IV 5a + Parallels, V 3a, VI 5-5a; BPO 3, 64, Sm.1354:4; 94, K.2226+:31, 34].


         (4) Moon and Red Star; DIŠ Ma-ak-ru-u<sub>2</sub> ana ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>30 TU NU E<sub>3</sub> DUMU LUGAL AŠ. TE DIB-bat "If the Red Star inside the Moon enters and does not appear: the king's son will seize the throne" [Largement 1957, 254:112; TU, 16 r. 51], see also [ACh Ištar, 20:98]; [... <sup>d</sup>Ma-a]k-ru-u<sub>2</sub> ina A<sub>2</sub>-šu<sub>2</sub> GUB MU.3.KAM<sub>2</sub> KUR NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> [...] "[If... the Re]d star stadns on its (the moon's) side: within 3 years Elam [...]" [ACh Suppl., 19: 12].
         (4) Moon and Red Star; DIŠ ''Ma-ak-ru-u''<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>30 TU NU E<sub>3</sub> DUMU LUGAL AŠ.TE DIB-''bat'' "If the Red Star inside the Moon enters and does not appear: the king's son will seize the throne" [Largement 1957, 254:112; TU, 16 r. 51], see also [ACh Ištar, 20:98]; [... <sup>d</sup>''Ma-a'']''k-ru-u''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' A<sub>2</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB MU.3.KAM<sub>2</sub> KUR NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> [...] "[If... the Re]d star stadns on its (the moon's) side: within 3 years Elam [...]" [ACh Suppl., 19: 12].


         (5) The red star in the path of (the star of) Ea; <sup>ul</sup>Ma-ak-ru-u<sub>2</sub> ina šu-ut <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-a DU [...] "The red star stands in the path of (the star of) Ea [...]" [BPO 3, 82, K.800:11].
         (5) The red star in the path of (the star of) Ea; <sup>ul</sup>''Ma-ak-ru-u''<sub>2</sub> ''ina šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' DU [...] "The red star stands in the path of (the star of) Ea [...]" [BPO 3, 82, K.800:11].


==Historical Dictionaries==
==Historical Dictionaries==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Kurtik (2022, M03)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Kurtik (2022, m03)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
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Revision as of 06:48, 19 April 2025

mul / dMakrû is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

Dictionary

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

= mulSA5 "Red, Fiery Red"; the name of Mars, fixing the reddish color of that planet [G. 255; AHw, 590b; CAD M, 138-139; Reynolds 1998], see also (Kurtik s04) SA5.

Sources Identifications
Lexical texts.

Series Ḫg. B VI: (a) mulsa5 = ma-ak-ru-u2 = dṣal-[bat-a-nu] "Red = Mars," (b) mulDIRI = mi3-qit i-šat = [min] "Red Star = Falling Fire = [ditto] (= Mars)" [MSL XI, 40:28, 29].

Example
EAE.

See. [BPO 2, IV 5a, V 3a, VI 5; BPO 3, 58, K.148+: r. 4; 64, Sm.1354:4; 82, K.800:11; 84, K.6021+: r. 13; 94, K.2226+:31, 34; 248, K.2346+:54,57; Largement 1957, 254:112].

"The Great Star List and Miscellenia."
  • (1) List of Mars’ names: mulma-ak-ru-u = dmin(= dṣal-bat-a-nu) "Red star = Mars";
  • (2) ulsa5 = dudu.idim "Red star = planet";
  • (3) ulsa5 = šub-tim izi "Red star = Fall of Fire" [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:85, 170, 172].
Astrol. comm.

mulma-ak-ru-u = tam-šil dGirru(GIŠ.BAR) "Red star = likeness of Girru (= Fire)," quoted in [CAD M, 139a; Reynolds 1998, 349]. III R, 53,2:6.

List of the 12 names of Marduk:

itine dMa-ak-ru-u2 damar.utu "Month Abu, Red (star) = Marduk"; parallel: [itine] dMa-ak-ru-u dṢal-bat-a-nu "[Month Abu], Red (star) = Mars" (S.777:6) [CT 26, 49]. See also [CT 26, 41, K. 11283:2; HBA, 22].

Additional

II. Deity.

         Mars, as the Red Star was associated with the fire god Hirra, see Astrol. comm. above, and also g21GIŠ.BAR.

III. Astrology.

         Identifications:

         (1) = Pisces, see (Kurtik k24) KU6, V 4.

         (2) Colors of the planets; mulBABBAR mulSAG.ME.[G]AR mulSA5 Ṣal-bat-a-nu mulSIG7 dDil-bat mulMI dSAG.UŠ: dGUD.UD "White star = Jupit[e]r, Red star = Mars, Green-yellow star = Venus, Black star = Saturn, var.: Mercury" [BPO 3, 248, K.2346+:54].

         Predictions:

         (3) Venus and the Red Star; DIŠ mulDil-bat ina SAR-ša2 [mulMa-ak-ru-u2 ana ŠA3]-ša2 TU-ma E3-a (var. reading: NU E3-a) DUMU LUGAL ana E2 AD-šu2 T[U-ma AŠ.TE DIB-bat] "If [the Red Star enters] Venus and goes on during the rising of Venus (var.: does not appear): the king's son will enter his father's house and seize the throne]" [BPO 2, IV 5a + Parallels, V 3a, VI 5-5a; BPO 3, 64, Sm.1354:4; 94, K.2226+:31, 34].

         (4) Moon and Red Star; DIŠ Ma-ak-ru-u2 ana ŠA3 d30 TU NU E3 DUMU LUGAL AŠ.TE DIB-bat "If the Red Star inside the Moon enters and does not appear: the king's son will seize the throne" [Largement 1957, 254:112; TU, 16 r. 51], see also [ACh Ištar, 20:98]; [... dMa-a]k-ru-u2 ina A2-šu2 GUB MU.3.KAM2 KUR NIM.MAki [...] "[If... the Re]d star stadns on its (the moon's) side: within 3 years Elam [...]" [ACh Suppl., 19: 12].

         (5) The red star in the path of (the star of) Ea; ulMa-ak-ru-u2 ina šu-ut dE2-a DU [...] "The red star stands in the path of (the star of) Ea [...]" [BPO 3, 82, K.800:11].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, m03) Gössmann (1950)
= mulSA5 «Красный, Огненно Красный»; название Марса, фиксирующее красноватый цвет этой планеты [G. 255; AHw, 590b; CAD M, 138–139; Reynolds 1998], см. также s04SA5.

I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. Серия Ḫg. B VI: a) mulsa5 = ma-ak-ru-u2 = dṣal-[bat-a-nu] «Красный = Марс», b) mulDIRI = mi3-qit i-šat = [min] «Красная звезда = Падение Огня = [ditto] (= Марс)» [MSL XI, 40:28, 29]. EAE. См. [BPO 2, IV 5a, V 3a, VI 5; BPO 3, 58, K.148+: r. 4; 64, Sm.1354:4; 82, K.800:11; 84, K.6021+: r. 13; 94, K.2226+:31, 34; 248, K.2346+:54,57; Largement 1957, 254:112]. «Большой список звезд». (1) Список имен Марса: mulma-ak-ru-u = dmin(= dṣal-bat-a-nu) «Красная звезда = Марс»; (2) ulsa5 = dudu.idim «Красная звезда = планета»; (3) ulsa5 = šub-tim izi «Красная звезда = Падение огня» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:85, 170, 172]. Астрол. комм. mulma-ak-ru-u = tam-šil dGirru(GIŠ.BAR) «Красная звезда = подобие Гирры (= Огонь)», цит. по [CAD M, 139a; Reynolds 1998, 349]. III R, 53,2:6. Список 12 имен Мардука: itine dMa-ak-ru-u2 damar.utu «Месяц абу, Красная (звезда) = Мардук»; параллель: [itine] dMa-ak-ru-u dṢal-bat-a-nu «[Месяц абу], Красная (звезда) = Марс» (S.777:6) [CT 26, 49]. См. также [CT 26, 41, K. 11283:2;  HBA, 22].

II. Божество.

Марс как Красная звезда был связан с богом огня Гиррой, см. выше «Астрол. комм.», а также g21GIŠ.BAR.

III. Астрология.

Отождествления:

(1) = Рыба, см. k24KU6, V 4.

(2) Цвета планет; mulBABBAR mulSAG.ME.[G]AR mulSA5 Ṣal-bat-a-nu mulSIG7 dDil-bat mulMI dSAG.UŠ : dGUD.UD «Белая звезда = Юпит[е]р, Красная звезда = Марс, Зелено-желтая звезда = Венера, Черная звезда = Сатурн, вар.: Меркурий» [BPO 3, 248, K.2346+:54].

Предсказания:

(3) Венера и Красная звезда; DIŠ mulDil-bat ina SAR-ša2 [mulMa-ak-ru-u2 ana ŠA3]-ša2 TU-ma E3-a (вар. чтения: NU E3-a) DUMU LUGAL ana E2 AD-šu2 T[U-ma AŠ.TE DIB-bat] «Если при восходе Венеры [Красная звезда входит] в нее и идет дальше (вар.: не появляется): царский сын в дом своего отца во[йдет и захватит трон]» [BPO 2, IV 5a + Parallels, V 3a, VI 5–5a; BPO 3, 64, Sm.1354:4; 94, K.2226+:31, 34].

(4) Луна и Красная звезда; DIŠ Ma-ak-ru-u2 ana ŠA3 d30 TU NU E3 DUMU LUGAL AŠ.TE DIB-bat «Если Красная звезда внутрь Луны входит и не появляется: царский сын захватит трон» [Largement 1957, 254:112; TU, 16 r. 51], см. также [ACh Ištar, 20:98]; [… dMa-a]k-ru-u2 ina A2-šu2 GUB MU.3.KAM2 KUR NIM.MAki […] «[Если… Крас]ная звезда на ее (Луны) стороне стоит: в течение 3 лет Элам  […]» [ACh Suppl., 19: 12].

(5) Красная звезда на пути (звезды) Эа; ulMa-ak-ru-u2 ina šu-ut dE2-a DU […] «Красная звезда на пути (звезды) Эа стоит […]» [BPO 3, 82, K.800:11].

Example

References

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