View source for AD6

{{DISPLAYTITLE:AD<sub>6</sub>}}
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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[[File:Eagle+Corpse MULAPIN-jessica2022.jpg|thumb|The Corpse (Dead Man) next to The Eagle, paintings by Jessica Gullberg ([[References (Babylonian)|References]])]]
<sup>mul</sup>AD<sub>6</sub> (𒀯𒈕) = ''pagru,'' "body" or "corpse," commonly translated "The Dead Man". It refers to a Babylonian constellation listed in MUL.APIN I ii 12  in the same entry immediately after [[ZA.BA4.BA4|Zababa]] and [[A2.mušen|<sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>]] The Eagle ([[Aquila]]), implying that they form a super-constellation. The Corpse could perhaps be identified with Ptolemy's [[Antinous]], a deified dead person, which is located in [[Aquila]].   

==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

The name of <sup>mul</sup>AD<sub>6</sub> (with the longer reading ADDA) = ''pagru'', ‘corpse,’ is written with the logograms literally for a dead human being (LÚ = man, BAD/UŠ<sub>2</sub> (dead). In astro-mythology ‘the Corpse-star’ is identified with gods that have been killed, for example ‘The Corpse’ = the dead-body of the deity Asakku, which is used to create ''zalāqu''-stone as the Underworld in the Sumerian version Lugale (Horowitz 2011: 348-349).<blockquote>[''From now''] ''on it will not be called asakku, stone will be its name''

Zalāqu''-stone will be its name.''

''Its body will be the underworld'' </blockquote>AD<sub>6</sub> = '''''pagru, šalamtu''''' “body, corpse” is interpreted as ''pa-gar'' Á.SÀG ‘corpse of the Asakku-demon/monster' (who was slain by Ninurta) in 5R 46: 28.<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref> In MUL.APIN, the constellation is in the same line with Zababa, a warlike god, city god of Kish, identified with Ninurta. MUL <sup>d</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>''-ba''<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>AD<sub>6</sub> as the 17th to 19th constellation in the Path of Anu.<ref name=":0" /> 

Var. readings:

* <sup>mul</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.BAD 
* <sup>mul</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.UŠ<sub>2</sub> 
* <sup>mul</sup>''adda'', ad<sub>6</sub> 
* = <sup>mul</sup>''pagru'' "Dead Man, Corpse".
Sumerian adda for LÚ.BAD is preferred over the shorter ad<sub>6</sub> on the basis of Diri VI B: 49-50: ''ad-da'' LÚ.BAD = ''pagru'', ''šalamtu'' (MSL XV<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. ''The Series DIRI = (w)Atru'' . Ed. by M.Civil. Roma, 2004.</ref> 190) and cf. parallel lexical entries cited in CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> Š<sub>I</sub> 203-04 sub ''šalamtu''.[[AD6#sdfootnote1sym|<sup>1</sup>]] The Akkadian equivalent ''šalamtu'' is preferred over the synonym ''pagru'' because of the explicit evidence in RA 101 99: 19'.      

CAD P 17 lists the star-name sub ''pagru''.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! Sources  !! Identifications 
|-
|'''Lexical List''' 
* <sup>mul</sup>adda = ''šá-lam-tú'' [Fadhil and Hilgert<ref>Abduillah Fadhil and Markus Hilgert (2007).  ZUR IDENTIFIKATION DES LEXIKALISCHEN KOMPENDIUMS 2R 50 + (K 2035a + K 4337), Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale (Published by: Presses Universitaires de France), Vol. 101, pp. 95-105, https://www.jstor.org/stable/23281275</ref>, RA 101 99: 19']
* not in the Urra 22 list or forerunners.  
|
|-
| '''MUL.APIN.''' 
List of stars of Anu (I ii 12): 

* <sup>mul</sup> <sup>d</sup>Za-ba<sub>4</sub>-ba<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> u <sup>mul</sup>AD<sub>6</sub>

* "The star of Zababa, the Eagle, and the Corpse."

The counting within the first list of MUL.APIN has always been controversial. This line is

* nos. 17-19 in Kurtik's counting,
* nos. 18-19 in Hoffmann+Krebernik's counting.
|Hunger and Pingree (1999) identifies this constellation with the area of Delphinus.
[[File:Eagle+Corpse MULAPIN-jessica2022.jpg|thumb|Corpse and Eagle (MUL.APIN), painted for Stellarium by J. Gullberg (2022)]]
|-
| '''"The Great List of Stars".'''
* <sup>mul</sup>KA = <sup>mul</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.UŠ<sub>2</sub> "Mouth = Dead Man." [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:160; Weidner 1959-60, 108];

* parallel [STC II<ref>''King L.W.'' The Seven Tablets of Creation. Vol. I-II. London, 1902.</ref>, Pl. LXXI, Rev. ii 12].
|
|-
|'''List of stars VR 46, 1:28.'''
* <sup>mul</sup>ADDA = ''pa-gar'' ''Asakki''(A<sub>2</sub>.SAG<sub>3</sub>)
* ‘The Corpse, the carcass of Asakku'
|
|-
|'''"Dead man = corpse of Asakku",''' 
See also [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref> 52:28; Reynolds 2019, 206-209 which replaces Reynolds 1999 and STC II];
|
|}
[[File:AD6 CH Screenshot 2025-11-30 172912.png|thumb|Convex Hull for the stars inside AD<sub>6</sub>, Pagru (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]

====Stars within the Constellation Area====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
|-
!id
! Label
!IAU design.
! description
!Vmag
|-
|1
|Kitalpha
|HIP 104987
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|3.933
|-
| 2
|71 Aql
|HIP 101847
|Constellation lines
|4.33
|-
|3
|δ Equulei
|HIP 104858
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|4.49
|-
|4
|70 Aql
|HIP 101692
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|4.88
|-
|5
|69 Aql
|HIP 101101
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|4.9
|-
|6
|κ Delphini
|HIP 101916
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|5.07
|-
| 7
|1 Aqr
| HIP 101936
|Inside the hull
|5.153
|-
|8
|132 G. Aql
|HIP 100541
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|5.301
|-
|9
|ζ Equ
|HIP 104031
|Inside the hull
|5.585
|-
|10
|13 Del
|HIP 102633
|Inside the hull
|5.64
|-
|11
| -
|HIP 104101
|Inside the hull
|5.93
|-
|12
|* eps Equ A
|HIP 103569
|Inside the hull
|5.96
|-
|13
| -
|HIP 103652
|Inside the hull
|5.995
|-
|14
| -
|HIP 103301
|Inside the hull
| 6.05
|-
| 15
| -
|HIP 104357
|Inside the hull
|6.18
|-
|16
| -
|HIP 102833
| Inside the hull
|6.188
|-
|17
| -
|HIP 100969
|Inside the hull
|6.195
|-
| 18
|145 G. Aql
| HIP 101746
|Inside the hull
|6.211
|-
|19
| * eps Equ B
| HIP 103569
|Inside the hull
|6.31
|-
|20
|14 Del
|HIP 102819
|Inside the hull
|6.318
|-
|21
| -
|HR 8010
| Inside the hull
|6.34
|-
| 22
| -
|HIP 102631
| Inside the hull
|6.4
|-
|23
| -
|HIP 101489
| Inside the hull
|6.418
|-
|24
|142 G. Aql
|HIP 101339
|Inside the hull
|6.46
|-
|25
| -
| HIP 104202
|Inside the hull
|6.487
|}
==== Deity. ====
(Translation of Kurtik, page 33-34)

''Asakku'' (ASAG) – demon of disease (headache in particular), son of Anu; together with Anzu and Kingu was considered an evil demon [Tallqvist<ref>''Tallqvist  K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref> 256; AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref> 73; Reynolds 1999<ref>''Reynolds F.'' Stellar Representations of Tiāmat and Qingu in a Learned Calendar Text // RAI. 1999. Vol. 42. P. 369-378.</ref>/ 2019]. 

In Neo-Assyrian mythological texts, the star of the Deadman, called "the Stone", is identified with Asakku'':'' 

* [NA<sub>4</sub>] <sup>mul</sup>''pagru''(adda) ''ki-i iqbû''/''qabû''(dug<sub>4</sub>.ga)[ ] /<sup>[mul</sup>''pa'']''gru''([ad]da) ''pa-gar Asakki''(A<sub>2</sub>.SAG<sub>3</sub>) NA<sub>4</sub> ''a-sak''-[''ku'']
* "["Kame]n"'''<big>??? it should be a word for stone</big>'''   refers to the Dead Man's star, so they say; / [The Dead Man's star means Asakku's corpse. (Therefore) the stone is Asak[ku]"
[Lambert 1989, 216:4-5; Livingstone 1986, 64:4-5], for the full text see (Kurtik z01) [[ZA.BA4.BA4|ZA.BA<sub>4</sub>.BA<sub>4</sub>]], II

'''(also see our updated version above)''' 

==== Previous Identifications. ====
Since the Dead Man was located near the [[Aquila|Eagle]], he is identified tentatively with [[Antinous]] or [[Delphinus]] [Gössmann 1950, 243; Weidner 1957-59 79; 1959-60 108];

= Delphinus(?) [Hunger and Steele 2019, 138; Mesop.Astrol. 207, App. C; Hunger and Pingree 1999, 272]. See also (Kurtik  k01) [[KA]], (Kurtik  g24) ''[[Gizzānītu]]''.

== Historical Dictionaries == 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022, a09)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950, 257) 
|-
| вар. чтения: <sup>mul</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.BAD, <sup>mul</sup>LU<sub>2</sub>.UŠ<sub>2</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>adda, ad<sub>6</sub>; = <sup>mul</sup>pagru "Мертвец, Труп"; созвездие в Дельфине(?) (Delphinus) [Gössmann 1950, 243; AHw 809; Borger 1978, 73; Reynolds 1999]. || Example
|-
| MUL.APIN. Список звезд Ану (№ 17-19): <sup>mul</sup> <sup>d</sup>Za-ba<sub>4</sub>-ba<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> u <sup>  mul</sup>AD<sub>6</sub> "Забаба, Орел и Мертвец" (I ii 12). "Большой список звезд". <sup>mul</sup>ka = <sup>mul</sup>lu<sub>2</sub>.uš<sub>2</sub> "Рот = Мертвец" [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:160; Weidner 1959-60 108];  параллель [STC II, Pl. LXXI, Rev. ii 12]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:28. <sup>mul</sup>adda = pa-gar Asakki(a<sub>2</sub>.sag<sub>3</sub>) "Мертвец = труп Асакку", см. также [HBA 52:28; Reynolds 1999 375]; параллель см. [STC II, Pl. LXXI rev. ii 16].
II. Божество.

Асакку ― демон болезни, сын Ану; вместе с Анзу и Кингу считался злым демоном [Tallqvist  256; AHw 73; Reynolds 1999]. В новоассирийском мифологическом тексте звезда Мертвец, называемая «Камнем», отождествляется с Асакку: [abn]u <sup>mul</sup>pagru(adda) ki-i iqbû/qabû(dug<sub>4</sub>.ga)[] / [<sup>mul</sup>pa]gru([ad]da) pa-gar Asakki(a<sub>2</sub>.sag<sub>3</sub>) abnu a-sak-[ku] "[«Каме]нь» относится к звезде Мертвец, так говорят; / [Звезда Мерт]вец означает труп Асакку. (Поэтому) камень — это Асак[ку]" [Lambert 1989 216:4-5; Livingstone 1986 64:4-5], полный текст см. z01ZA.BA<sub>4</sub>.BA<sub>4</sub>, II.


III. Отождествление.

Поскольку Мертвец располагался вблизи Орла, его отождествляют предположительно с Антиноем (Antinous) или Дельфином (Delphinus) [Gössmann 1950, 243; Weidner 1957-59 79; 1959-60 108];

= Delphinus(?) [Hunger and Steele 2019, 138; Mesop.Astrol. 207, App. C; Hunger-Pingree 1999,272]. См. также  k01KA, (g24) Gizzānītu.
| Example
|-
!Kurtik (2022, p04)
|
|-
|''pagru'' = <sup>mul</sup>AD<sub>6</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>adda «Мертвец»;
звезда или созвездие в области Антиноя или Дельфина,
см. (a09) AD<sub>6</sub>, (k01) KA
|
|}

[[Category:4workWayne]]

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[[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:Eurasia]]
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[[Category:Aql]]
[[Category:Del]]
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