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{{DISPLAYTITLE:al-Jawza (الجوزاء)}}

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al-Jawza (الجوزاء) is an Arabic/ Arabian constellation 
<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref>
<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.</ref>
<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref> The huge figure is the origin of several modern star names such as [[Betelgeuse]], [[Arshaljawza]], [[Kursialjawza]], [[Siwarha]].

==Concordance, Etymology, History==

Adams (2018),<ref>Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref> pp. xx-xx. 

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per Khalid AlAjaji 

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[[File:Jawza laffitte2025 sufi+.jpg.png|thumb|Jawza in Arabic manuscripts: left the Greek "Orion", right the indigenous Arabian Jawza (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]


Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>), in his chapter on Orion (p. 331) writes: <blockquote>''By adopting the Greek sky, Arab astronomers of the classical period took up the Greek figure by borrowing its Syriac name, Gambara, ‘the Giant’, which gives al-Ğabbar. But this new name could not displace, in the Arab imagination, the well-established figure of al-Ğawzā’ ‘Elgeuze’, which literally means ‘the Median’, because it stands ‘in the middle’ of the sky (see infra, Fig. 68a and b)''</blockquote>
[[File:Jawza laffitte202 kursiX5.jpg|thumb|Jawza with adjacent asterisms (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]
The following star names are derived from it: 

* '''''Cursa''''' ''[Post.]'' ''(τ Ori : 3,59)'' / ['''الجبّار'''] '''كرسي''' '''.''' Although it has recently appeared, albeit unsuccessfully, under the name given by Piazzi to ''β Eri'' (see that star), this refers to the Arabic ''Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Mu’aḫḫhar'', ‘the Posterior Footrest of Elgeuze’, which in fact designates the group ''αβγδ Lep.'' Arabic: ''Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Mu’aḫḫar,'' ‘the Anterior Footrest of Elgeuze’, al-Ṣūfī > ''‘Cúrsa AlGjauzâ AlMuácchera’'', Hyde. Then ''Cursa'' for ''τ Ori'': ''New Standard Dict.'' and Werner & Schmeidler. No further mention.

* '''''[[Cursa]]''''' ''[Ant.]'' ''(β Eri : 2,78) /'' ] ['''الجوزاء كرسي.''' Coined by Piazzi and now recognised by the IAU, this name derives from the Arabic ''Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Muqaddam'', ‘the Anterior Footrest of Elgeuze’, which is the name given to the square formed by the group ''τ Ori'' and ''λβψ Eri'' in the traditional Arabic sky. Arabic ''Kursī l-Ğawzā’'', Ibn Qutayba, ''Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Muqaddam'', ‘the Anterior Throne of Elgeuze’, al-Ṣūfī for ''τ Ori'' and ''λβψ Eri'' as opposed to that of the ''αβγδ Lep'' group, which is named ''Kursī l-Ğawzā’ al-Mu’aḫḫar'', ‘the Posterior Throne of Elgeuze ’ (see ''Eri''), hence ''‘Cúrsa AlGjauzâ AlMutakáddem’'', Hyde > ''Cursa'', Piazzi, Fr.: Francœur. ''Cursa'', Allen, etc., Simbad, UAI. Var.: ''Kursa'', Nit. 01

* '''''Kursi al Jabbar (γ Lep'': 3.6'') /'' الجبّار كرسي.''' Coined at the end of the 20th<sup>th</sup> century, this is ''Kursī l-Ğabbār'', ‘the Giant’s Footstool’, a later designation for the ''αβγδ Lep'' group<sup>57</sup>, featuring a Greco-Arabic name (''al-Ğabbār'') within the traditional celestial sphere (''Kursī'').
* '''''[[Arshaljawza|Arsh al-Jauzah]] (δ Lep : 3,8) /'' أرش''' '''.'''
* '''''Kursialzawza'''''

=== Discussion (various authors) ===

==IAU Working Group Star Names==

== Weblinks ==

* 

== Reference ==


 
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Arabic]]
[[Category:Constellation]]
[[Category:Star Name]]
[[Category:Asterism]]