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<sup>mul</sup>KIŠIB (𒀯𒈩), <sup>mul</sup>''rittu'' (𒈩𒌓) "Hand" is the handle of the shepherds staff of <sup>mul</sup>GÀM = ''gamlu'', 'The Crook' ([[Auriga]]). In Uranology E rev. 7'-10' (Beaulieu et al. 2018: 63-64). The constellation <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.GI = ''šibū'', 'The Old Man'  ([[Perseus]]) is said to hold 'The Crook' in his hand, with 'The Crook' itself having a handle like the head of a ram.     
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
----
<sup>mul</sup>KIŠIB (𒀯𒈩), <sup>mul</sup>''rittu'' (𒈩𒌓) "Hand" is the handle of the shepherds staff of [[GAM3|<sup>mul</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub>]] = ''gamlu'', 'The Crook' ([[Auriga]]). In Uranology E rev. 7'-10' (Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref name=":3">Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>: 63-64). The constellation <sup>mul</sup>[[ŠU.GI]] = ''šibū'', 'The Old Man'  ([[Perseus]]) is said to hold 'The Crook' in his hand, with 'The Crook' itself having a handle like the head of a ram.     


'''<u>???Add Uranlogy Text E = MLC 1884 rev. 7'-10'  below???  Cross reference to GAM3 and SHU.GI</u>'''
__TOC__
__TOC__
==Concordance, Etymology, History==
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
Var. reading:  
Var. reading:  


Line 14: Line 13:


* 1) = ziqpu XVII,  
* 1) = ziqpu XVII,  
* <s>2) Asterism forming part of larger constellations [G. 46, 369; AHw, 990b; CAD R, 386a].</s>  
* 2) Asterism forming part of larger constellations [Gössman 1950, 46, 369; AHw, 990b; CAD R, 386a], see [[UD.KA.DU8.A|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]].


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|'''Lists of ziqpu stars.'''
|'''Lists of ziqpu stars.'''
* (1) AO 6478:  
* (1) AO 6478:  
** (a) [1⅔ MA.NA MIN(=''šuqultu'')] | 10 UŠ ''i-na'' KI.MIN(= ''ina qaqqari'') | 18 IGI DANNA ''i-na'' KI. MIN(=''ina šamê'') | TA <sup>mul</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> | EN <sup>mul</sup>KIŠIB GAM<sub>3</sub> "[1⅔ min of weight], 100 on earth, 18,000 miles in the sky / From Staff to Hand on Staff",  
** (a) [1⅔ MA.NA MIN(=''šuqultu'')] | 10 UŠ ''i-na'' KI.MIN(= ''ina qaqqari'') | 18 ''lim'' DANNA ''i-na'' KI. MIN(=''ina šamê'') | TA <sup>mul</sup>GAM<sub>3</sub> | EN <sup>mul</sup>KIŠIB GAM<sub>3</sub> "[1⅔ minas of weight], 10° on earth, 18,000 miles in the sky / From the Staff to the Handle on the Staff",  
** (b) [5 MA. NA MIN] | 1 DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN | 54 IGI DANNA ''ina'' KI.MIN / TA MUL KIŠIB GAM<sub>3</sub> | EN <sup>mul</sup>MAŠ.TAB.BA "[5 min. of weight], 300 on earth, 54,000 miles in the sky / From the Hand on the Staff to the Twins" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 217:3-6; TU, 21 r. 3-6; HBA, 133; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229].  
** (b) [5 MA.NA MIN] | 1 DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN | 54 ''lim'' DANNA ''ina'' KI.MIN / TA MUL KIŠIB GAM<sub>3</sub> | EN <sup>mul</sup>MAŠ.TAB.BA "[5 minas of weight], 1 bēru on earth, 54,000 miles in the sky / From the Hand on the Staff to the Twins" [Thureau-Dangin 1913<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F.'' Distances entre étoiles fixes // RA. 1913. Vol 13. P.215-225.</ref>, 217:3-6; TU<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 21 r. 3-6; HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 133; Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":0">''Schaumberger J.  ''Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.</ref>, 228-229].  
* (2) VAT 16437: 10 UŠ ''a-na'' MUL ''rit-tu''<sub>2</sub> ''gam-l''[''u''] "100 to the Hand on the Staf[f]" [Schaumberger 1952, 224-225:12].  
* (2) VAT 16437: 10 UŠ ''a-na'' MUL ''rit-tu''<sub>2</sub> ''gam-l''[''u''] "10° to the Hand on the Staf[f]" [Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":0" />, 224-225:12].  
* (3) VAT 16436: <sup>múl</sup>KIŠIB GAM<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>DAM.KI.NUN.NA // 2 // 10 IGI 6 ME KUŠ "Hand on the Staff, Damkinunna // 2 (stars) // 10600 cubits" [Schaumberger 1952, 226-227:9].  
* (3) VAT 16436: <sup>múl</sup>KIŠIB GAM<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>DAM.KI.NUN.NA // 2 // 10 ''lim'' 6 ''me'' KUŠ "Hand on the Staff, Damkinunna // 2 (stars) // 10600 cubits" [Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":0" />, 226-227:9].  
* (4) Sippar Planisphere:  
* (4) Sippar Planisphere:  
** a) 10 UŠ ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>KIŠIB ''gam-lu'' "100 to the Hand (on) the Staff" (rev. 17),  
** a) 10 UŠ ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>KIŠIB ''gam-lu'' "10° to the Handle (on) the Staff" (rev. 17),
** b) ˹KIŠIB˺ ''gam-''[''l'']''u'' ˹''ma-a''˺-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "Hand on the Staff, Gemini" (obv., Segment 1) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:17, 176-177].  
** b) ˹KIŠIB˺ ''gam-''[''l'']''u'' ˹''ma-a''˺-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "Handle on the Staff, Gemini" (obv., Segment 1) [Horowitz and al-Rawi 2001<ref name=":1">''Horowitz W., al-Rawi F.N.H''. Tablets from the Sippar Library IX. A Ziqpu-Star Planisphere // Iraq. 2001. V. LXIII. P. 171-181.</ref>, 171-173:17, 176-177].  
* (5) BM 61677: [10 U]Š ''a-na ri-it-t''[''i gamli''...] "[100] up to the Han[d on the Staff]" [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 180:9].
* (5) BM 61677: [10 U]Š ''a-na ri-it-t''[''i gamli''...] "[10°] to the Han[dle on the Staff]" [Horowitz and al-Rawi 2001<ref name=":1" />, 180:9].
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Uranology'''  
|'''Uranology'''  
MLC 1884 (reverse)
Uranology E rev. 7'-10' (MLC 1884 (reverse),<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref name=":3" />: 63-64):
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
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!
!
|-
|-
|3' ⌈ṣa⌉-lam šu-ú lu-bu-uš-tu4 la-b[i-iš]
|7' ''i''[''na''<sup>?</sup>](erased?) GÀM DIŠ+en <sup>mul</sup>GÀM GUB-''zu''
4' ziq-nu za-qin-nu ku-ur-ku-ru šá-kin
 
5' DIŠ+en MUL ina ku-ur-ku-ru-šú GUB-zu
 
6' ina ŠUII 15-šú GÀM na-ši
 
7' i[na?](erased?) GÀM DIŠ+en mulGÀM GUB-zu


8' SAG.DU GÀM SAG.DU UDU.NÍTA
8' SAG.DU GÀM SAG.DU UDU.NÍTA


9' ⌈2(or 3)⌉ MUL ina SAG.DU GÀM e-ṣir.MEŠ
9' ⌈2 (or 3)⌉ MUL ''ina'' SAG.DU GÀM ''e-ṣir''.MEŠ
 
10' [x M]UL ina rit-ti GÀM GUB-zu
 
11' [M]UL SA4 ina ur-šú GUB-zu
 
12' [x]⌈(x) x⌉-šú? dNE?.GI? na-áš-rap na-ši
 
13' [x x x] ⌈x x⌉ ina? na?-áš??-rap e-ṣir.MEŠ
|3' [A hu]man figure it is, dress[ed],
4' bearded, set with a kurkurru.
 
5' 1 star stands in its kurkurru.


6' In its right hand it carries a crook.
10' [x M]UL ''ina rit-ti'' GÀM GUB-''zu''


7' In the crook a (star called) “The Crook” stands.
|7' In the crook one (star called) “The Crook” stands.


8' The head of the crook is the head of a ram.
8' The head of the crook is the head of a ram.


9' 2(or 3) stars in the head of the crook are drawn.
9' 2 (or 3) stars in the head of the crook are drawn.


10' [x] star(s) in the handle of the crook stand.
10' [x] star(s) in the handle of the crook stand.


11' A bright [st]ar in its shaft stands.
12' Its [x], fire, bearing a Naṣrapu.
13' [. . .] in the Naṣrapu are drawn.
|}
|}
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Text W.22281a.'''
|'''Text W.22281a.'''
* ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN UD 15 KAM<sub>2</sub> KI KUR ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>UTU ½ DANNA EGIR <sup>mul</sup>RIT.GAM<sub>3</sub>.A ''ziq-pi'' GUB<sup>?</sup>-. ''az-ma'' MU[L...] / <sup>mul</sup>MAŠ.TAB.BA <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA ''šit-qu-lu'' "On the 15th day of ulul at sunrise (the point located at) 150 behind (i.e., to the east) of the Hand on the Staff culminates and [...] / Gemini and the True Shepherd of Anu are in equilibrium" [SpTU I, 95:12-13].
* ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN UD 15 KAM<sub>2</sub> KI KUR ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>UTU ½ DANNA EGIR <sup>mul</sup>RIT.GAM<sub>3</sub>.A ''ziq-pi'' GUB<sup>?</sup>-. ''az-ma'' MU[L...] / <sup>mul</sup>MAŠ.TAB.BA <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA ''šit-qu-lu'' "On the 15th day of Ululu at sunrise (the point located at) one-half bēru behind (i.e., to the east) of the Handle on the Staff culminates and [...] / Gemini and the Faithful Shepherd of Anu are in equilibrium" [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 95:12-13].
|
|
|}
|}
         See also: <sup>múl</sup>KIŠIB GAM<sub>3</sub> ''ziq-pu'' "The hand on the Staff culminates" [ADRT III, No.-85 B:10]; ''a-na'' KIŠIB GAM<sub>3</sub> [LBAT, 1501:16].
         See also: <sup>múl</sup>KIŠIB GAM<sub>3</sub> ''ziq-pu'' "The handle on the Staff culminates" [ADRT III<ref>''Sachs A., Hunger H''. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.</ref>, No.-85 B:10]; ''a-na'' KIŠIB GAM<sub>3</sub> [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1501:16].


=== Additional ===
=== Additional ===


==== II. Identification. ====
==== Previous Identification. ====
         Ziqpu XVII:
         Ziqpu XVII:


         = β Aurigae [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree-Walker 1988, 319, note 15].
         = β Aurigae [Schaumberger 1952<ref name=":0" />, 229; Pingree and Walker 1988<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, 319, note 15].


         = θ Aurigae [ASM, 86].
         = θ Aurigae [Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref name=":2">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 86].


         = θ + υ Aurigae [ASM, 88].
         = θ + υ Aurigae [Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref name=":2" />, 88].


         Part of the figure of the constellations, see (Kurtik sh15) [[ŠU]].
         Part of the figure of the constellations, see (Kurtik sh15) [[ŠU]].
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! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)  
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)  
|-
|-
| вар. чтения: <sup>mul</sup>RIT; = <sup>mul</sup>rittu «Рука»; 1) = ziqpu XVII, группа звезд в созвездии Возничего (Auriga), 2) часть фигуры некоторых созвездий [G. 46, 369; AHw, 990b; CAD R, 386a].
| вар. чтения: <sup>mul</sup>RIT; = <sup>mul</sup>rittu «Рука»; 1) = ziqpu XVII, группа звезд в созвездии Возничего (Auriga), 2) часть фигуры некоторых созвездий [Gössman 1950, 46, 369; AHw, 990b; CAD R, 386a].
I. Источники.
I. Источники.


Line 121: Line 97:
= β Aurigae [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree–Walker 1988, 319, note 15].
= β Aurigae [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree–Walker 1988, 319, note 15].


= θ Aurigae [ASM, 86].
= θ Aurigae [Hunger-Pingree 1999, 86].


= θ + υ Aurigae [ASM, 88].
= θ + υ Aurigae [Hunger-Pingree 1999, 88].


Часть фигуры созвездий, см. sh15ŠU.
Часть фигуры созвездий, см. sh15ŠU.
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[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Sumerian]]  
[[Category:Sumerian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Aur]]


[[Category:4workWayne]]
[[Category:4workWayne]]

Latest revision as of 03:44, 24 May 2026

Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Susanne M Hoffmann, Wayne Horowitz, Jan Safford, Hermann Hunger, Youla Azkarrula

mulKIŠIB (𒀯𒈩), mulrittu (𒈩𒌓) "Hand" is the handle of the shepherds staff of mulGAM3 = gamlu, 'The Crook' (Auriga). In Uranology E rev. 7'-10' (Beaulieu et al. 2018[1]: 63-64). The constellation mulŠU.GI = šibū, 'The Old Man' (Perseus) is said to hold 'The Crook' in his hand, with 'The Crook' itself having a handle like the head of a ram.

Concordance, Etymology, History[2]

Var. reading:

  • mulRIT;
  • = mulrittu "Hand"; Akkadian parallel to mulKIŠIB, mulRIT "Hand";

It refers to a part of the constellation of the Crook: mulrittu/mulKIŠIB mul / dGAM3 "Hand/Handle on the Staff".

  • 1) = ziqpu XVII,
  • 2) Asterism forming part of larger constellations [Gössman 1950, 46, 369; AHw, 990b; CAD R, 386a], see UD.KA.DU8.A (𒌓𒅗𒂃𒀀).
Sources Identifications
Lists of ziqpu stars.
  • (1) AO 6478:
    • (a) [1⅔ MA.NA MIN(=šuqultu)] | 10 UŠ i-na KI.MIN(= ina qaqqari) | 18 lim DANNA i-na KI. MIN(=ina šamê) | TA mulGAM3 | EN mulKIŠIB GAM3 "[1⅔ minas of weight], 10° on earth, 18,000 miles in the sky / From the Staff to the Handle on the Staff",
    • (b) [5 MA.NA MIN] | 1 DANNA i-na KI.MIN | 54 lim DANNA ina KI.MIN / TA MUL KIŠIB GAM3 | EN mulMAŠ.TAB.BA "[5 minas of weight], 1 bēru on earth, 54,000 miles in the sky / From the Hand on the Staff to the Twins" [Thureau-Dangin 1913[3], 217:3-6; TU[4], 21 r. 3-6; HBA[5], 133; Schaumberger 1952[6], 228-229].
  • (2) VAT 16437: 10 UŠ a-na MUL rit-tu2 gam-l[u] "10° to the Hand on the Staf[f]" [Schaumberger 1952[6], 224-225:12].
  • (3) VAT 16436: múlKIŠIB GAM3 dDAM.KI.NUN.NA // 2 // 10 lim 6 me KUŠ "Hand on the Staff, Damkinunna // 2 (stars) // 10600 cubits" [Schaumberger 1952[6], 226-227:9].
  • (4) Sippar Planisphere:
    • a) 10 UŠ ana mulKIŠIB gam-lu "10° to the Handle (on) the Staff" (rev. 17),
    • b) ˹KIŠIB˺ gam-[l]u ˹ma-a˺-šu2 "Handle on the Staff, Gemini" (obv., Segment 1) [Horowitz and al-Rawi 2001[7], 171-173:17, 176-177].
  • (5) BM 61677: [10 U]Š a-na ri-it-t[i gamli...] "[10°] to the Han[dle on the Staff]" [Horowitz and al-Rawi 2001[7], 180:9].
Uranology

Uranology E rev. 7'-10' (MLC 1884 (reverse),[8]Beaulieu et al. 2018[1]: 63-64):

7' i[na?](erased?) GÀM DIŠ+en mulGÀM GUB-zu

8' SAG.DU GÀM SAG.DU UDU.NÍTA

9' ⌈2 (or 3)⌉ MUL ina SAG.DU GÀM e-ṣir.MEŠ

10' [x M]UL ina rit-ti GÀM GUB-zu

7' In the crook one (star called) “The Crook” stands.

8' The head of the crook is the head of a ram.

9' 2 (or 3) stars in the head of the crook are drawn.

10' [x] star(s) in the handle of the crook stand.

Text W.22281a.
  • ina itiKIN UD 15 KAM2 KI KUR ša2 dUTU ½ DANNA EGIR mulRIT.GAM3.A ziq-pi GUB?-. az-ma MU[L...] / mulMAŠ.TAB.BA mulSIPA.ZI.AN.NA šit-qu-lu "On the 15th day of Ululu at sunrise (the point located at) one-half bēru behind (i.e., to the east) of the Handle on the Staff culminates and [...] / Gemini and the Faithful Shepherd of Anu are in equilibrium" [SpTU I[9], 95:12-13].

         See also: múlKIŠIB GAM3 ziq-pu "The handle on the Staff culminates" [ADRT III[10], No.-85 B:10]; a-na KIŠIB GAM3 [LBAT[11], 1501:16].

Additional

Previous Identification.

         Ziqpu XVII:

         = β Aurigae [Schaumberger 1952[6], 229; Pingree and Walker 1988[12], 319, note 15].

         = θ Aurigae [Hunger and Pingree 1999[13], 86].

         = θ + υ Aurigae [Hunger and Pingree 1999[13], 88].

         Part of the figure of the constellations, see (Kurtik sh15) ŠU.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, k21) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: mulRIT; = mulrittu «Рука»; 1) = ziqpu XVII, группа звезд в созвездии Возничего (Auriga), 2) часть фигуры некоторых созвездий [Gössman 1950, 46, 369; AHw, 990b; CAD R, 386a].

I. Источники.

Списки ziqpu-звезд. (1) AO 6478: a) [1⅔ MA.NA MIN(=šuqultu)] | 10 UŠ i-na KI.MIN(= ina qaqqari) | 18 IGI DANNA i-na KI.MIN(=ina šamê) | TA mulGAM3 | EN mulKIŠIB GAM3 «[1⅔ мины веса], 100 на земле, 18000 миль на небе / От Посоха до Руки на Посохе», b) [5 MA.NA MIN] | 1 DANNA i-na KI.MIN | 54 IGI DANNA ina KI.MIN  / TA MUL KIŠIB GAM3 | EN mulMAŠ.TAB.BA «[5 мин веса], 300 на земле, 54000 миль на небе / От Руки на Посохе до Близнецов» [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 217:3–6; TU, 21 r. 3–6; HBA, 133; Schaumberger 1952, 228–229]. (2) VAT 16437: 10 UŠ a-na MUL rit-tu2 gam-l[u] «100 до Руки на Посох[е]» [Schaumberger 1952, 224–225:12]. (3) VAT 16436: múlKIŠIB GAM3 dDAM.KI.NUN.NA // 2 // 10 IGI 6 ME KUŠ «Рука на Посохе, Дамкинунна // 2 (звезды) // 10600 локтей» [Schaumberger 1952, 226–227:9]. (4) Sippar Planisphere: a) 10 UŠ ana mulKIŠIB gam-lu «100 до Руки (на) Посохе» (rev. 17), b) ˹KIŠIB˺ gam-[l]u ˹ma-a˺-šu2 «Рука на Посохе, Близнецы» (obv., Segment 1) [Horowitz–al-Rawi 2001, 171–173:17, 176–177]. (5) BM 61677: [10 U]Š a-na ri-it-t[i gamli…] «[100] до Рук[и на Посохе]» [Horowitz–al-Rawi 2001, 180:9]. Текст W.22281a. ina itiKIN UD 15 KAM2 KI KUR ša2 dUTU ½ DANNA EGIR mulRIT.GAM3.A ziq-pi GUB?-az-ma MU[L…] / mulMAŠ.TAB.BA mulSIPA.ZI.AN.NA šit-qu-lu «15-го улулу при восходе Солнца (точка, расположенная в) 150 позади (т.е. к востоку) от Руки на Посохе кульминирует и […] / Близнецы и Праведный Пастух Ану находятся в равновесии» [SpTU I, 95:12–13].

См. также: múlKIŠIB GAM3 ziq-pu «Рука на Посохе кульминирует» [ADRT III, No.-85 B:10]; a-na KIŠIB GAM3 [LBAT, 1501:16].

II. Отождествление.

Ziqpu XVII:

= β Aurigae [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree–Walker 1988, 319, note 15].

= θ Aurigae [Hunger-Pingree 1999, 86].

= θ + υ Aurigae [Hunger-Pingree 1999, 88].

Часть фигуры созвездий, см. sh15ŠU.

Example
Kurtik (2022, r05)

mulRittu
аккадская параллель к mulKIŠIB, mulRIT «Рука»; = ziqpu XVII, часть созвездия Посох: mulrittu/mulKIŠIB GAM3 «Рука на Посохе»; группа звезд в созвездии Возничего (Auriga), см. k21KIŠIB.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.
  2. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  3. ↑ Thureau-Dangin F. Distances entre étoiles fixes // RA. 1913. Vol 13. P.215-225.
  4. ↑ Thureau-Dangin F. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).
  5. ↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Schaumberger J.  Die Ziqpu-Gestirne nach neuen Keilschrift-texten // ZA. 1952. Bd. 50 (N.F. 16). S. 214-229.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Horowitz W., al-Rawi F.N.H. Tablets from the Sippar Library IX. A Ziqpu-Star Planisphere // Iraq. 2001. V. LXIII. P. 171-181.
  8. ↑ Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.
  9. ↑ Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.
  10. ↑ Sachs A., Hunger H. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.
  11. ↑ A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier, Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.
  12. ↑ Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
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