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Created page with "<sup>mul</sup>LUL.LA is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. ==Dictionary== === Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim === [G. 88, 230], the name of Saturn and Libra. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Sources !Identifications |- |'''Lexic. texts.''' (1) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-tu<sub>2</sub> u me-šar = <sup>d</sup>sag.uš <sup>d</sup>utu "Star gi.gi = Star of truth and justice = Saturn, Shamash" [MSL XI, 40:39], later parallel: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = m..."
 
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<sup>mul</sup>LUL.LA is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
==Dictionary==
----
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
<sup>mul</sup>LUL.LA (𒀯𒈜𒆷) = ''sarru'', 'the False, Lying-star' is a name for Mars (''[[Ṣalbatānu]]'') [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 247; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> S, 184a; Reynolds 1998<ref name=":1">''Reynolds F.'' Unpropitious Titles of Mars in Mesopotamian Scholarly Tradition // RAI. 1998. Vol. 41. P. 347-358.</ref>, 351]. It reflects both the planet's general malefic nature in Mesopotamian thought.     
[G. 88, 230], the name of Saturn and Libra.
 
== Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref> ==
Var. readings:
 
* <sup>mul</sup>LUL;
* = <sup>mul / d</sup>''Sarru'' (𒊓𒅈𒊒) 'False (Lying) Star', 'Liar Star'; name for Mars (Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 249, Reynolds 1998<ref name=":1" />: 351).
* = associated with 'The Crab' in a commentary based on sign-play AL.LUL and LUL.LA [BPO 2<ref name=":2">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref> 40-41 III 7-7c].
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
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!Identifications
!Identifications
|-
|-
|'''Lexic. texts.'''  
|'''Lexical texts.'''
(1) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-tu<sub>2</sub> u me-šar = <sup>d</sup>sag.uš <sup>d</sup>utu "Star gi.gi = Star of truth and justice = Saturn, Shamash" [MSL XI, 40:39], later parallel: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-[tu<sub>2</sub> ...] [SpTU III, 116: Rs. iii 8]. (2) mulgi.[gi...] [CT 26, 50, K.12619 ii 4]; according to Koch's interpretation, text K.12619 ii 4-6: <sup>mul</sup>GI-[GI...] / kakkab kit-ti [u mi-ša-ri] / MUL MI <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>zi-ba-an-na] "Star GI.GI = Star of truth and justice = Dark star = Star of Libra" [Koch 1989, 60-61]. Planisphere K. 8538. In sector 6 the inscription: ˹<sup>mul</sup>GI-GI˺ and the figure of Libra(?) [Koch 1989, 59; Kurtik 2007, fig. 9].
* (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists of stars: <sup>[mul]</sup>lul [MSL XI<ref name=":3">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 133, col. ix 5].
* (2) Urra XXII series: <sup>[mul]</sup>lul = ''sa-ar-ru'' [MSL XI<ref name=":3" />, 31, Section 11:3; Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015):  “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 111:321ʹ], <sup>mul</sup>lul/lul.la [SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 114A v 61].
* (3) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>lul.la = ''sa-ar-rum'' = MIN (= <sup>d</sup>''ṣal''-[''bat-a-nu'']) [MSL XI<ref name=":3" />, 40:33].  
 
|
|-
|'''EAE.'''
See. [BPO 2<ref name=":2" />, I 9, II 3, III 7-7a; BPO 3<ref name=":4">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, 287].
|
|-
|'''"Reports."'''
See. [ARAK<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 288:3].
|
|-
|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia."'''
* (1) List of names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>''s''[''ar''<sub>6</sub>]-''ru'' = <sup>d</sup>min(= <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'') "L[y]ing (star) = ditto(=Mars),"
* (2) 7 names of Mars (7 ''zik-ru-šu''): <sup>mul</sup>''sar''<sub>6</sub>-''ru'' [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:91, 237]. See also ˹<sup>mul</sup>''sa''˺-''a-ri'' [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 26, 47, K. 11739:3].
* In a commentary based on sign-play between  AL.LUL and LUL.LA, an identification with 'The Crab'
|
|
|}
|}


=== Additional ===
=== Additional ===
         '''II. Identification.'''


         (1) = Saturn;
==== Astrology. ====
 
===== Identifications: =====
         (1) = Crab; <sup>mul</sup>LUL.LA = <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL [BPO 2<ref name=":2" />, III 7a], the basis of the identification is apparently wordplay [Reynolds 1998<ref name=":1" />, 351].


         (2) = constellation Librae = β(γ)λα2ισ Librae + 381G. Centauri, according to [Koch 1989, 79].
===== Predictions: =====
         (2) General astrological meaning; <sup>mul</sup>LUL.LA ana ZI-''ut'' IM [...] 'False Star for (predicting) the appearance (lit. rising) of the wind [...] [BPO 2<ref name=":2" />, I 9, II 3, III 7].


         '''III. Astrology.'''
         (3) Jupiter and the False Star meet; see (Kurtik s09) [[SAG.ME.GAR]], III


         (1) The Star of Truth has weakened; DIŠ MUL ki-tu<sub>4</sub> ŠER<sub>2</sub>.ŠER<sub>2</sub> KUR ARḪUŠ u SILIM-mu [...] "If the Star of Truth weakens: the country, of mercy and peace [...]" [ACh Ištar, 25:26].
         (4) False Star and planets; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>''sar''<sub>6</sub>-''ru u'' <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM ''im-taḫ-ru-ma'' GUB.MEŠ ''ina'' MU BI ZI-''ut'' NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> "If the False Star and a planet (together) meet and stand: this year is the year for attacking Elam" [ACh Suppl.<ref>''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 49:11].


         (2) The Star of Truth approaches the Crown of Anu; [DIŠ MUL ki-t]u<sub>4</sub> a-na <sup>mul</sup>AGA.AN.NA TE <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA KUR-ma "[If the Star of Truth] approaches the Crown of Anu, (this means): Saturn appears in the middle of the Celestial Bull." [ACh Ištar, 30:20].
         (5) <sup>mul</sup>''Sar''<sub>6</sub>-''ru ana'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> [...] "False Star to [...]" [BPO 3<ref name=":4" />, 271, 83-1-18,783:5].


== Historical Dictionaries ==  
== Historical Dictionaries ==  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022, L17)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)  
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)  
|-
|-
| [G. 88, 230], название Сатурна и Весов.
| вар.: <sup>mul</sup>LUL; = <sup>mul / d</sup>Sarru «Фальшивая (Лживая) Звезда», «Звезда-Лжец»; эпитет Марса [G. 249; CAD S, 184; Reinolds 1998].
I. Источники.
I. Источники.


Лексич. тексты. (1) Серия Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-tu<sub>2</sub> u me-šar = <sup>d</sup>sag.uš <sup>d</sup>utu «Звезда gi.gi = Звезда правды и справедливости = Сатурн, Шамаш» [MSL XI, 40:39],  поздняя параллель: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-[tu<sub>2</sub> …] [SpTU III, 116: Rs. iii 8]. (2) <sup>mul</sup>gi.[gi…] [CT 26, 50, K.12619 ii 4]; согласно интерпретации Коха, текст K.12619 ii 4-6: <sup>mul</sup>GI-[GI…] / kakkab kit-ti [u mi-ša-ri] / MUL MI <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>zi-ba-an-na] «Звезда GI.GI = Звезда правды и справедливости = Темная звезда = Звезда Весы» [Koch 1989, 60–61]. Планисферa K. 8538. В секторе 6 надпись: ˹<sup>mul</sup>GI-GI˺ и изображение фигуры Весов(?) [Koch 1989, 59; Куртик 2007, рис. 9].
Лексич. тексты. (1) Одноязычные шумерские списки звезд: <sup>[mul]</sup>lul [MSL XI, 133, col. ix 5]. (2) Серия Urra XXII: <sup>[mul]</sup>lul = sa-ar-ru [MSL XI, 31, Section 11:3; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 111:321ʹ], <sup>mul</sup>lul/lul.la [SpTU III, 114A v 61]. (3) Серия Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>lul.la = sa-ar-rum = MIN (= <sup>d</sup>ṣal-[bat-a-nu]) [MSL XI, 40:33]. ЕАЕ. См. [BPO 2, I 9, II 3, III 7–7a; BPO 3, 287]. «Рапорты». См. [ARAK, 288:3]. «Большой список звезд». (1) Список имен Марса: <sup>mul</sup>s[ar<sub>6</sub>]-ru = <sup>d</sup>min(= <sup>d</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu) «Л[жи]вая (звезда) = ditto(=Марс)», (2) 7 имен Марса (7 zik-ru-šu): <sup>mul</sup>sar<sub>6</sub>-ru [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:91, 237]. См. также ˹<sup>mul</sup>sa˺-a-ri [CT 26, 47, K. 11739:3].


II. Отождествление.
II. Астрология.


(1)  = Сатурн;
Отождествления:


(2)  = созвездие Весы = β(γ)λα2ισ Librae + 381G. Centauri, согласно [Koch 1989, 79].
(1) = Краб; <sup>mul</sup>LUL.LA = <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL [BPO 2, III 7a], в основе отождествления, очевидно, словесная игра [Reynolds 1998, 351].


III. Астрология.
Предсказания:


(1) Звезда Правды ослабела; DIŠ MUL ki-tu<sub>4</sub> ŠER<sub>2</sub>.ŠER<sub>2</sub> KUR ARḪUŠ u SILIM-mu […] «Если Звезда Правды ослабела: странa милосердие и мир […]» [ACh Ištar, 25:26].
(2) Общее астрологическое значение; <sup>mul</sup>LUL.LA ana ZI-ut IM […] «Фальшивая Звезда для (предсказания) появления (букв. восхода) ветра […] [BPO 2, I 9, II 3, III 7].


(2) Звезда Правды приближается к Короне Ану; [DIŠ MUL ki-t]u<sub>4</sub> a-na <sup>mul</sup>AGA.AN.NA TE <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA KUR-ma «[Если Звезда Прав]ды к Короне Ану приближается, (это означает): Сатурн в середине Небесного Быка появляется» [ACh Ištar, 30:20].
(3) Юпитер и Фальшивая Звезда встречаются; см. s09SAG.ME.GAR, III
 
(4) Фальшивая Звезда и планета; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>sar<sub>6</sub>-ru u <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM im-taḫ-ru-ma GUB.MEŠ ina MU BI ZI-ut NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> «Если Фальшивая Звезда и планета (вместе) встретились и стоят: в этом году — нападение Элама» [ACh Suppl., 49:11].
 
(5) <sup>mul</sup>Sar<sub>6</sub>-ru ana ŠA<sub>3</sub> […] «Фальшивая Звезда к […]» [BPO 3, 271, 83–1–18,783:5].
| Example
| Example
|-
!Kurtik (2022, s15)
|
|-
|
=== <sup>mul / d</sup>''Sarru'' ===
|
|-
|аккадская параллель к <sup>mul</sup>LUL.LA «Лживая звезда», «Звезда-Лжец»; эпитет Марса [Gössman 1950, 247; CAD S, 184a; Reynolds 1998, 351], см. L17LUL.LA.
|
|}
|}


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[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Sumerian]]  
[[Category:Sumerian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]]
[[Category:Solar System]]
[[Category:Planet]]
[[Category:Mars]]

Latest revision as of 06:13, 24 May 2026

Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Susanne M Hoffmann, Wayne Horowitz, Youla Azkarrula, Jan Safford

mulLUL.LA (𒀯𒈜𒆷) = sarru, 'the False, Lying-star' is a name for Mars (Ṣalbatānu) [Gössmann[1] 247; CAD[2] S, 184a; Reynolds 1998[3], 351]. It reflects both the planet's general malefic nature in Mesopotamian thought.

Concordance, Etymology, History[4]

Var. readings:

  • mulLUL;
  • = mul / dSarru (𒊓𒅈𒊒) 'False (Lying) Star', 'Liar Star'; name for Mars (Gössmann[1] 249, Reynolds 1998[3]: 351).
  • = associated with 'The Crab' in a commentary based on sign-play AL.LUL and LUL.LA [BPO 2[5] 40-41 III 7-7c].
Sources Identifications
Lexical texts.
  • (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists of stars: [mul]lul [MSL XI[6], 133, col. ix 5].
  • (2) Urra XXII series: [mul]lul = sa-ar-ru [MSL XI[6], 31, Section 11:3; Bloch-Horowitz 2015[7], 111:321ʹ], mullul/lul.la [SpTU III[8], 114A v 61].
  • (3) Series Ḫg. B VI: mullul.la = sa-ar-rum = MIN (= dṣal-[bat-a-nu]) [MSL XI[6], 40:33].
EAE.

See. [BPO 2[5], I 9, II 3, III 7-7a; BPO 3[9], 287].

"Reports."

See. [ARAK[10], 288:3].

"Great Star List and Miscellenia."
  • (1) List of names of Mars: muls[ar6]-ru = dmin(= dṣal-bat-a-nu) "L[y]ing (star) = ditto(=Mars),"
  • (2) 7 names of Mars (7 zik-ru-šu): mulsar6-ru [Mesop.Astrol.[11], App. B:91, 237]. See also ˹mulsa˺-a-ri [CT[12] 26, 47, K. 11739:3].
  • In a commentary based on sign-play between AL.LUL and LUL.LA, an identification with 'The Crab'

Additional

Astrology.

Identifications:

         (1) = Crab; mulLUL.LA = mulAL.LUL [BPO 2[5], III 7a], the basis of the identification is apparently wordplay [Reynolds 1998[3], 351].

Predictions:

         (2) General astrological meaning; mulLUL.LA ana ZI-ut IM [...] 'False Star for (predicting) the appearance (lit. rising) of the wind [...] [BPO 2[5], I 9, II 3, III 7].

         (3) Jupiter and the False Star meet; see (Kurtik s09) SAG.ME.GAR, III

         (4) False Star and planets; DIŠ dsar6-ru u dUDU.IDIM im-taḫ-ru-ma GUB.MEŠ ina MU BI ZI-ut NIM.MAki "If the False Star and a planet (together) meet and stand: this year is the year for attacking Elam" [ACh Suppl.[13], 49:11].

         (5) mulSar6-ru ana ŠA3 [...] "False Star to [...]" [BPO 3[9], 271, 83-1-18,783:5].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, L17) Gössmann (1950)
вар.: mulLUL; = mul / dSarru «Фальшивая (Лживая) Звезда», «Звезда-Лжец»; эпитет Марса [G. 249; CAD S, 184; Reinolds 1998].

I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. (1) Одноязычные шумерские списки звезд: [mul]lul [MSL XI, 133, col. ix 5]. (2) Серия Urra XXII: [mul]lul = sa-ar-ru [MSL XI, 31, Section 11:3; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 111:321ʹ], mullul/lul.la [SpTU III, 114A v 61]. (3) Серия Ḫg. B VI: mullul.la = sa-ar-rum = MIN (= dṣal-[bat-a-nu]) [MSL XI, 40:33]. ЕАЕ. См. [BPO 2, I 9, II 3, III 7–7a; BPO 3, 287]. «Рапорты». См. [ARAK, 288:3]. «Большой список звезд». (1) Список имен Марса: muls[ar6]-ru = dmin(= dṣal-bat-a-nu) «Л[жи]вая (звезда) = ditto(=Марс)», (2) 7 имен Марса (7 zik-ru-šu): mulsar6-ru [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:91, 237]. См. также ˹mulsa˺-a-ri [CT 26, 47, K. 11739:3].

II. Астрология.

Отождествления:

(1) = Краб; mulLUL.LA = mulAL.LUL [BPO 2, III 7a], в основе отождествления, очевидно, словесная игра [Reynolds 1998, 351].

Предсказания:

(2) Общее астрологическое значение; mulLUL.LA ana ZI-ut IM […] «Фальшивая Звезда для (предсказания) появления (букв. восхода) ветра […] [BPO 2, I 9, II 3, III 7].

(3) Юпитер и Фальшивая Звезда встречаются; см. s09SAG.ME.GAR, III

(4) Фальшивая Звезда и планета; DIŠ dsar6-ru u dUDU.IDIM im-taḫ-ru-ma GUB.MEŠ ina MU BI ZI-ut NIM.MAki «Если Фальшивая Звезда и планета (вместе) встретились и стоят: в этом году — нападение Элама» [ACh Suppl., 49:11].

(5) mulSar6-ru ana ŠA3 […] «Фальшивая Звезда к […]» [BPO 3, 271, 83–1–18,783:5].

Example
Kurtik (2022, s15)

mul / dSarru
аккадская параллель к mulLUL.LA «Лживая звезда», «Звезда-Лжец»; эпитет Марса [Gössman 1950, 247; CAD S, 184a; Reynolds 1998, 351], см. L17LUL.LA.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  2. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Reynolds F. Unpropitious Titles of Mars in Mesopotamian Scholarly Tradition // RAI. 1998. Vol. 41. P. 347-358.
  4. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Reiner E., Pingree D. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = hubullu. Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.
  7. ↑ Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015):  “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.
  8. ↑ Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Reiner E., Pingree D. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.
  10. ↑ Hunger H. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).
  11. ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
  12. ↑ Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
  13. ↑ Ch. Virolleaud, L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)
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