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<sup>mul giš</sup>MA2.DIRI.GA is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
{{DISPLAYTITLE:MA<sub>2</sub>.DIRI.GA}}
==Dictionary==
Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
----
[G. 88, 230], the name of Saturn and Libra.
<sup>mul giš</sup>MA<sub>2</sub>.DIRI.GA (𒀯𒄑𒈣𒋛𒀀𒂵) = ''nēberu'', 'the Ferry-Boat.'  For this as a possible name for Mercury and so a precursor to the use of ''nēberu,'' 'Ferry, Ford, Crossing,' for Marduk's star in e.g. Enuma Elish see (Horowitz 2014,<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref> 23).  
{| class="wikitable"
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
|+
= ''nēberu'' "Ferry (Boat, Crossing)." [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 774a; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> N/2, 145b].
!Sources
!Identifications
|-
|'''Lexic. texts.'''
(1) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-tu<sub>2</sub> u me-šar = <sup>d</sup>sag.uš <sup>d</sup>utu "Star gi.gi = Star of truth and justice = Saturn, Shamash" [MSL XI, 40:39], later parallel: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-[tu<sub>2</sub> ...] [SpTU III, 116: Rs. iii 8]. (2) mulgi.[gi...] [CT 26, 50, K.12619 ii 4]; according to Koch's interpretation, text K.12619 ii 4-6: <sup>mul</sup>GI-[GI...] / kakkab kit-ti [u mi-ša-ri] / MUL MI <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>zi-ba-an-na] "Star GI.GI = Star of truth and justice = Dark star = Star of Libra" [Koch 1989, 60-61]. Planisphere K. 8538. In sector 6 the inscription: ˹<sup>mul</sup>GI-GI˺ and the figure of Libra(?) [Koch 1989, 59; Kurtik 2007, fig. 9].
|
|}
 
=== Additional ===
         '''II. Identification.'''
 
         (1) = Saturn;
 
         (2) = constellation Librae = β(γ)λα2ισ Librae + 381G. Centauri, according to [Koch 1989, 79].
 
         '''III. Astrology.'''
 
         (1) The Star of Truth has weakened; DIŠ MUL ki-tu<sub>4</sub> ŠER<sub>2</sub>.ŠER<sub>2</sub> KUR ARḪUŠ u SILIM-mu [...] "If the Star of Truth weakens: the country, of mercy and peace [...]" [ACh Ištar, 25:26].


         (2) The Star of Truth approaches the Crown of Anu; [DIŠ MUL ki-t]u<sub>4</sub> a-na <sup>mul</sup>AGA.AN.NA TE <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA KUR-ma "[If the Star of Truth] approaches the Crown of Anu, (this means): Saturn appears in the middle of the Celestial Bull." [ACh Ištar, 30:20].
====Sources====
In the Old Babylonian list:  


== Historical Dictionaries ==  
* <sup>mul giš</sup>ma<sub>2</sub>.diri.ga <sup>d</sup>en.ki gub.ba.me.eš
* "They (the priests?) stood up (before) Enki's Ferry" [CT<ref>''Figulla, Hugo H.'' 1959. Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum, Part 42. London: The Trustees of the British Museum.</ref> 42, 6 iii 21; Falkenstein 1963<ref>''Falkenstein A.'' Sumerische religiöse Texte // ZA. 1963. Bd. XXI. S. 11-67.</ref>, 33], see also (Kurtik m01) [[MA2.GUR8|MA<sub>2</sub>.GUR<sub>8</sub>]].
==Historical Dictionaries==  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Kurtik (2022, m02)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)  
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
|-
|-
| [G. 88, 230], название Сатурна и Весов.
|= nēberu «Паром (Лодка, Переправа)» [AHw, 774a; CAD N/2, 145b].
I. Источники.
I. Источники.


Лексич. тексты. (1) Серия Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-tu<sub>2</sub> u me-šar = <sup>d</sup>sag.uš <sup>d</sup>utu «Звезда gi.gi = Звезда правды и справедливости = Сатурн, Шамаш» [MSL XI, 40:39],  поздняя параллель: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-[tu<sub>2</sub> …] [SpTU III, 116: Rs. iii 8]. (2) <sup>mul</sup>gi.[gi…] [CT 26, 50, K.12619 ii 4]; согласно интерпретации Коха, текст K.12619 ii 4-6: <sup>mul</sup>GI-[GI…] / kakkab kit-ti [u mi-ša-ri] / MUL MI <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>zi-ba-an-na] «Звезда GI.GI = Звезда правды и справедливости = Темная звезда = Звезда Весы» [Koch 1989, 60–61]. Планисферa K. 8538. В секторе 6 надпись: ˹<sup>mul</sup>GI-GI˺ и изображение фигуры Весов(?) [Koch 1989, 59; Куртик 2007, рис. 9].
В старовавилонском списке: <sup>mul giš</sup>ma<sub>2</sub>.diri.ga <sup>d</sup>en.ki gub.ba.me.eš «(Перед) Паромом Энки они (жрецы?) встали» [CT 42, 6 iii 21; Falkenstein 1963, 33], cм. также m01.
 
|Example
II. Отождествление.
 
(1)  = Сатурн;
 
(2)  = созвездие Весы = β(γ)λα2ισ Librae + 381G. Centauri, согласно [Koch 1989, 79].
 
III. Астрология.
 
(1) Звезда Правды ослабела; DIŠ MUL ki-tu<sub>4</sub> ŠER<sub>2</sub>.ŠER<sub>2</sub> KUR ARḪUŠ u SILIM-mu […] «Если Звезда Правды ослабела: странa милосердие и мир […]» [ACh Ištar, 25:26].
 
(2) Звезда Правды приближается к Короне Ану; [DIŠ MUL ki-t]u<sub>4</sub> a-na <sup>mul</sup>AGA.AN.NA TE <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA KUR-ma «[Если Звезда Прав]ды к Короне Ану приближается, (это означает): Сатурн в середине Небесного Быка появляется» [ACh Ištar, 30:20].
| Example
|}
|}


== References ==  
==References==  
* [[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]
*[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]


[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Mesopotamian]]  
[[Category:Sumerian]]  
[[Category:Sumerian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]]  
[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]  
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:Cyg]]

Latest revision as of 08:22, 25 May 2026

Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, Euin Choung Kim, David Hilder, Susanne M Hoffmann, Wayne Horowitz, Youla Azkarrula

mul gišMA2.DIRI.GA (𒀯𒄑𒈣𒋛𒀀𒂵) = nēberu, 'the Ferry-Boat.' For this as a possible name for Mercury and so a precursor to the use of nēberu, 'Ferry, Ford, Crossing,' for Marduk's star in e.g. Enuma Elish see (Horowitz 2014,[1] 23).

Concordance, Etymology, History[2]

= nēberu "Ferry (Boat, Crossing)." [AHw[3], 774a; CAD[4] N/2, 145b].

Sources

In the Old Babylonian list:

  • mul gišma2.diri.ga den.ki gub.ba.me.eš
  • "They (the priests?) stood up (before) Enki's Ferry" [CT[5] 42, 6 iii 21; Falkenstein 1963[6], 33], see also (Kurtik m01) MA2.GUR8.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, m02) Gössmann (1950)
= nēberu «Паром (Лодка, Переправа)» [AHw, 774a; CAD N/2, 145b].

I. Источники.

В старовавилонском списке: mul gišma2.diri.ga den.ki gub.ba.me.eš «(Перед) Паромом Энки они (жрецы?) встали» [CT 42, 6 iii 21; Falkenstein 1963, 33], cм. также m01.

Example

References

  1. ↑ Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.
  2. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  3. ↑ Soden von W. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.
  4. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  5. ↑ Figulla, Hugo H. 1959. Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum, Part 42. London: The Trustees of the British Museum.
  6. ↑ Falkenstein A. Sumerische religiöse Texte // ZA. 1963. Bd. XXI. S. 11-67.
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